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EECT Experiment 8 Report (Manika Jain 2K19-EE-151)

1) The document describes an experiment to study speed control of a DC motor using armature resistance control. A virtual lab was used to simulate varying the armature resistance and measuring the effect on motor speed. 2) Key results were that increasing the armature resistance reduced motor speed by lowering the applied armature voltage. A graph showed the inverse relationship between speed and voltage. 3) It was concluded that armature resistance control can reduce speed below normal levels but not increase it, and wastes power in the external resistance. The method is best suited for small DC motors.

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2K19/EE/151 MANIKA JAIN
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100 views5 pages

EECT Experiment 8 Report (Manika Jain 2K19-EE-151)

1) The document describes an experiment to study speed control of a DC motor using armature resistance control. A virtual lab was used to simulate varying the armature resistance and measuring the effect on motor speed. 2) Key results were that increasing the armature resistance reduced motor speed by lowering the applied armature voltage. A graph showed the inverse relationship between speed and voltage. 3) It was concluded that armature resistance control can reduce speed below normal levels but not increase it, and wastes power in the external resistance. The method is best suited for small DC motors.

Uploaded by

2K19/EE/151 MANIKA JAIN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LABORARTORY REPORT

Electromechanical Energy Conversion and


Transformers

Experiment: Speed Control of DC Motor by


Armature resistance control

Manika Jain
Batch: EE-03 (P2)
Roll No: 2K19/EE/151
Contact: +91-9968966429
Subject: EECT Practical Lab
Email: manikajain_2k19ee151@dtu.ac.in

Teacher: Mr. Sikandar Ali Khan


Academic Year: 2020-21
Speed Control of DC Motor by Armature resistance control

Objective: To study the speed control of DC Motor by Armature resistance control method
and draw the graph between the armature voltage and motor speed by varying the armature
voltage.

Apparatus Required: Voltage supply, starter, digital voltmeter, digital ammeter, field
resistance, armature resistance, DC motor, rotor, speedometer [Virtual Laboratory]

Abstract: This experiment examined the importance of studying the speed control of a DC
motor using armature resistance control method. One of the most important features of the
dc motor is that their speed can easily be control according to the requirement by using simple
methods. Such type of control is impossible in an AC motor.
We have essentially two methods for controlling speed, namely by:

1. Varying armature resistance.


2. Varying field resistance.

Introduction:

Figure 1: Equivalent circuit of field control of DC Motor

Speed Control by varying armature resistance:


In this method, armature resistance is varied to control the speed of a DC Shunt motor. We
know the speed of a shunt motor is given by:

N = (V-IaRa)/kФ
Working: Armature current Ia is decided by the mechanical load present on the shaft.
Therefore, by varying Va and If, we can vary n. For fixed supply voltage and the motor
connected as shunt we can vary Va by controlling an external resistance connected in series
with the armature. Field current (If) can be varied by controlling external field resistance Rf
connected with the field circuit.
In this method, a variable series resistor Rext is put in the armature circuit. In this case, the
field is directly connected across the supply and therefore the flux ɸ is not affected by
variation of Rext. The current and hence, the flux are affected by the variation of the armature
circuit resistance. The voltage drop in Rext reduces the voltage applied to the armature and
therefore the speed is reducing. This method is suitable for controlling speed below the base
speed.

Figure 2: Armature Current Speed Characteristics of a DC Motor

Procedure followed:
In a virtual set up laboratory, the procedure followed for studying the speed control of DC
Motor using armature resistance was as followed:

Step 1: Made the connections as guided in the virtual laboratory.


Step 2: The connections are checked for correction and proceeded with.
Step 3: Switched on the MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker).
Step 4: Moved the second slider (armature resistance) to get variations over the
voltmeter readings.
Step 5: Lastly, a graph is plotted between speed and armature voltage to further
determine the armature current speed characteristics of the DC motor.
Step 6: Switched off the MCB for completion of the experiment.
Observations: The following observation table for speed and armature voltage was
observed and tabulated in the virtual laboratory and consecutively, the graph was plotted
between speed in rpm (y-axis) and voltage in volts (x-axis):

Simulation of the experiment

Observation Table and the Plot between Speed and Voltage


Result: Hence, the speed control characteristics of a DC Motor are thoroughly studied. For
different values of armature resistance obtained from the virtual set-up, different values of
voltage are recorded and consecutively the speed is obtained from the Speedometer. A graph
is plotted between the same. The following result was interpreted:

 By varying the armature circuit resistance, the current and flux both
are affected. The voltage drop in the variable resistance reduces the
applied voltage to the armature, and as a result, the speed of the
motor is reduced.
 Hence, the graph pictorially represents the relation between
armature voltage and speed of the DC motor where, as the value of
variable resistance is increased, reduction in speed of the motor is
observed. Since the variable resistance carries full armature
current, it must be designed to carry continuously the full armature
current.

Conclusion: This experiment is particularly useful for electrical engineering undergraduates


in helping them understand the knowledge that goes behind the speed control of a DC Motor
using the method of armature resistance control. The graph obtained also highlighted the
interdependence of speed of a DC Motor on the armature voltage which is a subsequent
result of variation in the armature current and variable resistance.
The armature control method in reality, wastes a large amount of power in the external
resistance Rext. Armature resistance control is restricted to keep the speed below the normal
speed of the motor and increase in the speed above normal level is not possible by this
method. For a given value of variable resistance, the speed reduction is not constant but
varies with the motor load. Finally, this speed control method is used only for small motors.

References:
1. IIT Roorkee Virtual Labs, Electrical Machines Lab, Speed Control of DC Motor
by Armature Resistance Control (Link to Lab)

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