Types of Beams in Construction

Types of Beams in Constructions
There are different types of beams which are classified based on the following conditions
1. Based on Support Conditions
2. Based on Construction Materials
3. Based on Cross-Section Shapes
4. Based on Geometry
5. Based on Equilibrium Condition

6. Based on Method of Construction
7. Others
Based on Support Conditions
1. Simply Supported Beam

It is the one of the simplest structural elements that both ends are rest on supports but are free to rotate. It contains pinned support at one end and roller support at the
other end. On the basis of assign load, it sustains shearing and bending.
Fig. 1: Simply supported beam
2. Fixed Beam
It is supported at both ends and fixed to resist rotation. It is also called a built-in beam. The fixed ends produce fixing moments other than the reactions.
Fig. 2: Fixed beam
3. Cantilever Beam
If a beam is fixed at one end and set to be free at the end, it is termed as cantilever beam. The beam distribute the load back to the support wh it is forced against with a
moment and shear stress. Cantilever beams allow the creation of a bay window, balconies, and some bridges.
Fig. 3: Cantilever beam
4. Continuous Beam
A continuous beam has more than two supports distributed along its entire length.
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Fig. 4: Continuous beam
Based on Construction Materials

5. Reinforced Concrete Beams
It is constructed from concrete and reinforcement as shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5: Reinforced concrete beam
6. Steel Beams
It is constructed from steels and used in several applications.
Fig. 6: Steel beam
7. Timber beams
This type of beam is constructed from timber and used in the past, but its application is significantly declined now.
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Fig. 7: Timber Beam
8. Composite Beams
Composite beams are constructed from two or more different types of materials such as steel and concrete, and various valid cross sections ha been utilized as shown in
fig.8.
Fig. 8: Composite beam
Based on Cross-Section Shapes
Several cross sectional shapes of beams are available and used in different parts of of structures. These beams can be constructed from reinforced concrete, steel, or
composite materials:
Reinforced concrete cross sectional shapes include:
9. Rectangular beam
This type of beam is widely used in the construction of reinforced concrete buildings and other structures.
Fig. 9: Rectangular Reinforced concrete beam
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10. T-section beam
This type of beam is mostly constructed monolithically with reinforced concrete slab. Sometimes, Isolated T-beam are constructed to increase compression strength of
concrete.
Added to that, inverted T-beam can also be constructed according to the requirements of loading imposed.
Fig. 10: T-beam
Fig. 11: Inverted T-beam
11. L-section beam

This type of beam is constructed monolithically with reinforced concrete slab at the perimeter of the structure, as illustrated in Fig. 10.
Steel cross sectional shapes include:
There are various steel beam cross sectional shapes. Each cross sectional shape offer superior advantages in a given conditions compare with other shapes.
Square, rectangular, circular, I-shaped, T-shaped, H-shaped,C-shaped, and tubular are examples of beam cross sectional shapes constructed fro steel.
Fig. 12: Steel beam cross sectional shapes
Different types of beams based on cross sectional shapes constructed from composite materials are shown in Fig. 8.
Based on Geometry
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12. Straight beam
Beam with straight profile and majority of beams in structures are straight beams.
Fig. 13: straight beam
13. Curved beam

Beam with curved profile, such as in the case of circular buildings.
Fig. 14: Curved beam
14. Tapered beam

Beam with tapered cross section.
Fig. 15: Tapered beam
5. Based on Equilibrium Condition
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15. Statically determinate beam
For a statically determinate beam, equilibrium conditions alone can be used to solve reactions, i.e the number of unknown reactions are equa the the number of equations.
Fig. 16: Statically determinate beam
16. Statically indeterminate beam

For a statically indeterminate beam, equilibrium conditions are not enough to solve reactions. So, the analysis of this type of beam is more complicated than that of
statically determinate beams.
Fig. 17: statically indeterminate beam
Based on Method of Construction
17. Cast In-situ Concrete Beam

This type of beam is constructed on project site. so, forms are initially fixed then fresh concrete is poured and allowed to be hardened. Then, loads will be imposed.
Fig. 18: Cast in situ beam
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18. Precast Concrete Beam
This type of beam is manufactured in factories. So, the construction condition is more controllable compare with on-site construction.
Consequently, the quality of concrete of the beam will be greater. Various cross sectional shapes can be manufactures such as T- beam, Double beam, Inverted T-beam
and many more.
Fig. 19: Precast concrete beam
19. Prestressed Concrete Beam

This type of beam constructed by stressing strands prior to applying loads on the beam. Pre-tensioned Concrete beam and post-tensioned Concrete Beam are variations
of pre-stressed concrete beam.
Fig. 20: Prestressed concrete beam
Others
20. Deep Beam
beams that have large depths, and its clear span to depth ratio is less than 4 according to ACI Code. Significant amount of the load is carried to supports by a
compression force combining the load and the reaction. Consequently, the strain distribution is no longer considered linear as in the case of conventional beams.
21. Girder
Beams that take heavy loads, generally steel sections are used.
Fig. 21: Girder

Types of Beams in Construction

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Types of Beams in Construction

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Types of Beams in Constructions

1. Based on Support Conditions

2. Based on Construction Materials

3. Based on Cross-Section Shapes

5. Based on Equilibrium Condition

Based on Support Conditions

1. Simply Supported Beam

Fig. 1: Simply supported beam

Fig. 2: Fixed beam

Fig. 3: Cantilever beam

Based on Construction Materials

Fig. 5: Reinforced concrete beam

Fig. 6: Steel beam

Fig. 8: Composite beam

Based on Cross-Section Shapes

Reinforced concrete cross sectional shapes include:

Fig. 9: Rectangular Reinforced concrete beam

Fig. 10: T-beam

Fig. 11: Inverted T-beam

11. L-section beam

Steel cross sectional shapes include:

Fig. 12: Steel beam cross sectional shapes

Fig. 13: straight beam

13. Curved beam

Fig. 14: Curved beam

14. Tapered beam

Fig. 15: Tapered beam

5. Based on Equilibrium Condition

Fig. 16: Statically determinate beam

16. Statically indeterminate beam

Fig. 17: statically indeterminate beam

Based on Method of Construction

17. Cast In-situ Concrete Beam

Fig. 18: Cast in situ beam

Fig. 19: Precast concrete beam

19. Prestressed Concrete Beam

Fig. 20: Prestressed concrete beam

Fig. 21: Girder

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