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Integer Types: S.N - Types & Description

The document summarizes C data types. It describes basic types like integers and floating-point numbers. It also covers derived types including pointers, arrays, structures, unions and functions. Enumerated types allow discrete integer values. The void type indicates no value. Integer types have size and value ranges. Floating-point types also have size, value range and precision details.

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43 views5 pages

Integer Types: S.N - Types & Description

The document summarizes C data types. It describes basic types like integers and floating-point numbers. It also covers derived types including pointers, arrays, structures, unions and functions. Enumerated types allow discrete integer values. The void type indicates no value. Integer types have size and value ranges. Floating-point types also have size, value range and precision details.

Uploaded by

Computer Faculty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The types in C can be classified as follows −

S.N Types & Description


.

1 Basic Types

They are arithmetic types and are further classified into: (a) integer types
and (b) floating-point types.

2
Enumerated types

They are again arithmetic types and they are used to define variables that
can only assign certain discrete integer values throughout the program.

3
The type void

The type specifier void indicates that no value is available.

4 Derived types

They include (a) Pointer types, (b) Array types, (c) Structure types, (d)
Union types and (e) Function types.

The array types and structure types are referred collectively as the
aggregate types. The type of a function specifies the type of the function's
return value. We will see the basic types in the following section, where as
other types will be covered in the upcoming chapters.

Integer Types
The following table provides the details of standard integer types with their
storage sizes and value ranges –

Type Storage Value range


size

char 1 byte -128 to 127 or 0 to 255

unsigned char 1 byte 0 to 255

signed char 1 byte -128 to 127

int 2 or 4 bytes -32,768 to 32,767 or


-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

unsigned int 2 or 4 bytes 0 to 65,535 or 0 to 4,294,967,295

short 2 bytes -32,768 to 32,767

unsigned 2 bytes 0 to 65,535


short

long 4 bytes -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

unsigned long 4 bytes 0 to 4,294,967,295

To get the exact size of a type or a variable on a particular platform, you


can use the sizeof operator. The expressionssizeof(type) yields the storage
size of the object or type in bytes. Given below is an example to get the
size of int type on any machine −

#include <stdio.h>

#include <limits.h>

int main() {

printf("Storage size for int : %d \n", sizeof(int));


return 0;
}

When you compile and execute the above program, it produces the
following result on Linux −

Storage size for int : 4

Floating-Point Types
The following table provide the details of standard floating-point types with
storage sizes and value ranges and their precision −

Type Storage Value range Precision


size

float 4 byte 1.2E-38 to 3.4E+38 6 decimal


places

double 8 byte 2.3E-308 to 15 decimal


1.7E+308 places

long 10 byte 3.4E-4932 to 19 decimal


double 1.1E+4932 places

The header file float.h defines macros that allow you to use these values
and other details about the binary representation of real numbers in your
programs. The following example prints the storage space taken by a float
type and its range values −

#include <stdio.h>

#include <float.h>

int main() {

printf("Storage size for float : %d \n", sizeof(float));


printf("Minimum float positive value: %E\n", FLT_MIN );

printf("Maximum float positive value: %E\n", FLT_MAX );

printf("Precision value: %d\n", FLT_DIG );

return 0;

When you compile and execute the above program, it produces the
following result on Linux −

Storage size for float : 4


Minimum float positive value: 1.175494E-38
Maximum float positive value: 3.402823E+38
Precision value: 6

The void Type


The void type specifies that no value is available. It is used in three kinds of
situations −

S.N Types & Description


.

1
Function returns as void

There are various functions in C which do not return any


value or you can say they return void. A function with no
return value has the return type as void. For example,void
exit (int status);

2 Function arguments as void

There are various functions in C which do not accept any


parameter. A function with no parameter can accept a void.
For example, int rand(void);
3
Pointers to void

A pointer of type void * represents the address of an object,


but not its type. For example, a memory allocation
function void *malloc( size_t size ); returns a pointer to
void which can be casted to any data type.

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