Mensuration

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Mensuration 
Lesson: ​Geometry 
 
Mensuration  
The mensuration of a particular figure, be it in the 2D or 3D plane, deals with the figure’s 
measurements, which includes but is not limited to ​perimeter, area, surface area, and 
volume. ​The former two more commonly apply to 2D polygons, while the latter two are 
more towards the 3D polyhedrons. 
 
Perimeter 
The perimeter is the length of the path surrounding a 2-dimensional figure. 
 
Area 
In its barest bones, the area of a 2D figure is a measure of the space enclosed by that 
figure. 
 
Perimeter and Area for Special Polygons 

Name  Perimeter  Area 

Triangle  x + y + z  bh/2  
- The base can be any 
side of the triangle, 
while the height is 
the segment 
perpendicular to this 
base. 
 

Equilateral Triangle  3s   s2 √3/4  

 
 

Square  4s   s * s = s2 . 
 

Rectangle  2l + 2w or 2(l + w)   lw  

Trapezoid  x + y + z + w  (x + z)/2 * h  

Rhombus  4s   pq/2  
- p and q are the 
lengths of the 

 
 

diagonals of the 
rhombus, or the 
segments that 
connect opposite 
vertices. 

Parallelogram  2l + 2w or 2(l + w)   hl/2  

Kite  2a + 2b or 2(a + b)   pq/2  

Circle  2πr = πd   πr2  


- This is more 
commonly referred 
to as ​circumference​. 

 
 

N-gon (n-sided polygon)  Sum of all sides  There is no specific formula. 


One can try breaking the 
figure into composite 
rectangles and triangles, 
however. 

Composite Figures 
Usually, questions entail solving for the perimeter and area of a particular ​composite 
figure​, which is one that can be broken down into the many shapes listed above. We 
challenge the readers to solve for both the perimeter and area of the following figures. 
 

 
​Volume 
The volume of an object is simply amount of space occupied by that object.  
 
Surface Area 
Similarly, an object’s surface area is the total amount of area on the exterior of a 
particular polygon.   
 
 

 
 

Prism 
Prisms are special types of 3D figures that have uniform height all throughout the solid. 
Examples of prisms include the cube (square prism), the cuboid (rectangular prism), the 
cylinder (circular prism), and the “Toblerone” (triangular prism). The volume of a prism is 
simply ​area of the base * height, ​while its surface area is equal to ​(perimeter of base) * 
height + 2 * (area of base).  
 
Pyramids 
Pyramids are are 3D figures that have a base where all its vertices converge at one point 
in the 3D space, giving it a triangular shape. Examples of pyramids include cones 
(circle-based pyramids). The volume of a pyramid is equal to ​⅓ * area of base * height. 
 
Volume and Surface Area of Common 3D figures 

Name  Surface Area  Volume 

Cube  6s2   s3  

Rectangular Prism  2(lw + wh + lh)   lwh  

 
 

Cylinder  2πr2 + 2πrh = 2πr(r + h)   πr2 h  


 

Cone  π r(r + l)   π r2 h/3  

 
3
Sphere  4πr2   4πr /3  

 
 

 
Sources: 
http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/memg/division03/composite%202d%20figure/compo
site2Dex01.gif 
https://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/67/compound-figure-examples.png 
 

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