Designation: C 547 – 07e1

Standard Specification for

Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

e1 NOTE—Section 2 and 11.1.5.3 were editorially corrected in May 2008.

1. Scope C 167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket

1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber insulation pro- or Batt Thermal Insulations
duced to form hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
sizes. The mineral fiber pipe insulation may be molded or C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
precision v-grooved, with one or more walls split longitudi- ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
nally for use on pipe temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C). the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protec- C 302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Pre-
tive vapor retarders or barriers should be used on sub-ambient formed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture C 335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-
through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure ties of Pipe Insulation
to use a vapor barrier can lead to insulation and system C 356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed
damage. Refer to Practice C 921 to aid material selection. High-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soak-
1.3 Flexible mineral fiber wrap products such as ing Heat
perpendicular-oriented fiber insulation rolls, non-precision or C 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
manually scored block or board, or flexible boards or blankets Insulation Lots
used as pipe insulation, are not covered by this specification. C 411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Temperature Thermal Insulation
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for C 447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-
information only. ture of Thermal Insulations
1.5 For Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) accep- C 585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid
tance, materials must also comply with Supplemental Require- Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing
ments. See Annex A1 of this standard. (NPS System)
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat applies to the test C 612 Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and Board
methods portion, Section 11, only: This standard does not Thermal Insulation
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated C 795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and C 921 Practice for Determining the Properties of Jacketing
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to Materials for Thermal Insulation
use. C 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission
Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
2. Referenced Documents C 1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
C 1104/C 1104M Test Method for Determining the Water
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Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation

1
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.20 on Building Materials
Homogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations. 2.2 Other Standards:
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally UL 723 Tests for Surface Burning of Building Materials3
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 547 – 06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-
the ASTM website. brook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.

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 C 547 – 07e1
NFPA 255 Method of Tests of Surface Burning Character- with binder. Asbestos shall not be used as an ingredient or
istics of Building Materials4 component part. Some products may also contain adhesive.
CAN/ULC-S102 Standard Method of Test for Surface 5.2 Jackets (Facings)—The user of this specification has the
Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assem- option to specify that the insulation be jacketed.
blies 5
NOTE 2—The user is advised that the maximum use temperature of
factory-applied facings and adhesives may be lower than the maximum
3. Terminology use temperature of the insulation. The specifier shall ensure that sufficient
3.1 The definitions in Terminology C 168 shall apply to the insulation thickness is installed so none of these accessory items (facings
terms used in this specification. and adhesives) are exposed to temperatures above their maximum use
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: temperature. The products covered by this standard are predominantly
3.2.1 molded—refers to products preformed via a molding inorganic in nature. Organic facings, adhesives and binders are also used
in the construction of these products. The resulting composite therefore
process to yield full-round cylindrical pipe insulation sections. could have increased combustibility.
3.2.2 precision v-groove—refers to products fabricated from
machined board via a precision cutting process. Machined 6. Physical Requirements
segments are adhered to a backing to form a full-round
cylindrical pipe insulation section. Due to the precision of the 6.1 The product shall conform to the following require-
process, the product has no gaps when installed. ments in addition to those specified in Table 1.
6.2 Hot Surface Performance:
4. Classification 6.2.1 The product shall not crack, warp, flame, or glow
4.1 Products covered by this specification are classified during hot surface exposure. No evidence of melting or fiber
according to maximum use temperature as follows: degradation shall be evident upon post test inspection.
4.1.1 Type I—Molded, for use to 850°F (454°C). 6.2.2 The insulation’s internal temperature rise (exotherm)
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule shall not exceed the pipe temperature by more than 200°F
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required (111°C).
4.1.2 Type II—Molded, for use to 1200°F (650°C). 6.3 Non-fibrous (Shot) Content:
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule 6.3.1 The non-fibrous content of a rock- or slag-based
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required product shall not exceed 30 % by weight.
4.1.3 Type III—Precision v-groove, for use to 1200°F 6.4 For Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) accep-
(650°C). tance, materials must also comply with Supplemental Require-
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule ments. See Annex A1 of this standard.
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required
4.1.4 Type IV—Molded, for use to 1000°F (538°C). 7. Standard Shapes, Sizes, and Dimensions
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required 7.1 The basic shape of mineral fiber pipe insulation forms a
4.1.5 Type V—Molded, for use to 1400°F (760°C) right annular cylinder, which is radially slit on at least one side
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule of the cylinder axis. It is furnished in sections or segments
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required designed to fit standard sizes of pipe and tubing.
7.2 Typical available thicknesses range from nominal 1⁄2-in.
NOTE 1—Warning: Grade B may not be suitable for applications (13 mm) to nominal 6-in. (152 mm), single or double layer, in
requiring hot installation capability at the maximum temperature indi- 1⁄2-in. increments for most pipe and tubing sizes.
cated. Products having a Grade B designation are designed to be used with
a heat-up schedule. Failure to use a heat-up schedule with Grade B 7.3 Individual dimensions for inner diameter and wall
products may lead to an exothermic reaction. This is dependent on thickness shall conform to Practice C 585.
thickness and temperature. Consult the manufacturer or manufacturer’s 7.4 Standard section or segment length shall be 3 ft (0.91m)
literature for special heat rate considerations.
or as agreed upon between the buyer and seller.
4.2 Binder decomposition at elevated temperature may be a
limiting factor in certain applications. Consult the manufac- 8. Dimensional Tolerances
turer regarding special heat rate considerations.
8.1 Length equals 61⁄8-in. (3 mm).
5. Materials and Manufacturer 8.2 When installed on a nominal pipe or tubing size as
defined in Practice C 585, the insulation shall fit snugly and
5.1 Composition— The mineral fiber insulation for pipes have tight longitudinal and circumferential joints.
shall be manufactured from mineral substance such as rock,
slag, or glass, processed from a molten state into fibrous form 8.3 The inner and outer bore of the insulation shall be
concentric to the outer surface. The deviation from concentric-
ity shall not exceed 3⁄16 in. (5 mm).

4
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch 9. Workmanship
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
5
Available from Underwriters Laboratories of Canada, 7 Crouse Road, Scarbor- 9.1 The insulation shall not have defects that will adversely
ough, Ontario MIR3A9. affect installation or service quality.
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 C 547 – 07e1
TABLE 1 Requirements of Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation (Grades A & B)
Property Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V
(Grades A (Grades A (Grades A (Grades A (Grades A
andB) and B) and B) and B) and B
Use temperature, max, °F (°C) 850 (454) 1200 (650) 1200 (650) 1000 (538) 1400 (760)
Sag resistance, max, % 5 5 5 5 5
thickness change
Linear shrinkage (length), max, 2 2 2 2 2
% change after change
after soaking heat at maximum
use temperature
Water vapor sorption, max, % 5 5 5 5 5
by weight
Surface burning characteristics,
max
Flame spread index 25 25 25 25 25
Smoke developed index 50 50 50 50 50
Apparent thermal conductivity,
max, Btu.in./h,ft2, °F(W/m.K)
Mean temperatureA
°F (°C)
100 (38) 0.25 (0.036) 0.25 (0.036) 0.25 (0.036) 0.25 (0.036) 0.25 (0.036)
200 (93) 0.31 (0.045) 0.31 (0.045) 0.31 (0.045) 0.31 (0.045) 0.31 (0.045)
300 (149) 0.40 (0.058) 0.37 (0.053) 0.37 (0.053) 0.37 (0.053) 0.37 (0.053)
400 (204) 0.51 (0.074) 0.45 (0.065) 0.45 (0.065) 0.45 (0.065) 0.45 (0.065)
500 (280) 0.64 (0.092) 0.54 (0.078) 0.54 (0.078) 0.54 (0.078) 0.54 (0.078)
600 (316) 0.65 (0.094) 0.65 (0.094) 0.65 (0.094) 0.65 (0.094)
700 (371) 0.77 (0.111) 0.77 (0.111) 0.77 (0.111) 0.77 (0.111)
A
The user is advised that retrofit applications (where new insulation is being applied over existing) could require knowing the thermal conductivity of the existing layer
at mean temperatures above those shown. Consult a manufacturer for data at mean temperatures exceeding those listed.

TABLE 2 Requirements of Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation the temperature range desired. At least two additional tests
(Grade A Only) shall be distributed somewhat evenly over the rest of the
Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V temperature range.
Property
(Grade A) (Grade A) (Grade A) (Grade A) (Grade A)
11.1.3.4 Final analysis of the thermal data shall be con-
Maximum 200 200 200 200 200
Internal Temp. Rise (111) (111) (111) (111) (111)
ducted in accordance with C 1045 to generate a thermal
(Grade A Only), °F (°C) conductivity versus temperature relationship for the specimen.
11.1.3.5 The final step of C 1045 analysis is to calculate the
thermal conductivity using the equations generated at a set of
mean temperatures for comparison to the
10. Sampling specification.Warning—While it is recommended that the
10.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, specification data be presented as thermal conductivity versus
sampling and acceptance shall be in accordance with Practice temperature, several existing specifications may contain mean
C 390. temperature data from tests conducted at specific hot and cold
surface temperatures. In these cases, the conductivity as a
function of temperature from the C 1045 analysis may provide
11. Test Methods
different results. To insure that the data is compatible, a C 680
11.1 The properties in this specification shall be determined analysis, using the thermal conductivity versus temperature
in accordance with the following test methods, with jacketing relationship from C 1045 and the specific hot and cold surface
excluded unless stated otherwise. temperatures, is required to determine the effective thermal
11.1.1 Density and Dimensions—Test Method C 302. conductivity for comparison to the specification requirements.
11.1.2 Linear Shrinkage— Test Method C 356. 11.1.4 Water Vapor Sorption—Test Method C 1104/
11.1.3 Thermal Conductivity—Test Method C 335. C 1104M.
11.1.3.1 Thermal performance shall be characterized on a 11.1.5 Surface Burning Characteristics—Test Method E 84.
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3-in. NPS 3 2-in. pipe insulation size. Thermal performance 11.1.5.1 Flat specimens otherwise identical in composition
must be assessed on actual pipe insulation sections. Data to pipe insulation shall be used. This applies to plain and
obtained on flat samples, using Test Method C 177, shall not be factory-jacketed products, with and without self-sealing longi-
used to state compliance with this specification. tudinal lap closure systems.
11.1.3.2 Practice C 1058 may be used to obtain recom- 11.1.5.2 Test Methods UL 723 or NFPA 255 may be substi-
mended test temperature combinations for testing purposes. tuted for Test Method E 84. These methods are largely consid-
11.1.3.3 As specified in C 1045, the range of test conditions ered synonymous by most building officials.
must include at least one test where the hot surface temperature 11.1.5.3 For Canada, test in accordance with CAN/ULC-
is greater than, or equal to, the hot limit of the temperature S102.
range of desired data and at least one test where the cold 11.1.6 Hot Surface Performance—Test Method C 411 and
surface temperature is less than, or equal to, the cold limit of Standard Practice C 447.

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11.1.6.1 A 3-in. (75-mm) nominal pipe size or larger shall 11.1.9 Stress Corrosion Performance—Compliance with
be used. A test specimen shall be at least 36-in. (914-mm) in Specification C 795 is necessary only when requested to assess
length. All types shall be tested at 6-in. (150-mm) nominal corrosivity when the insulation is applied to austenitic stainless
thickness, in either single or multiple layer configurations. steel pipe.
11.1.6.2 All products shall be tested without jacketing, with 12. Qualification Requirements
the exception of products where the jacket is an integral part
12.1 The following requirements shall be employed for the
necessary to hold the insulation together such as precision
purpose of product qualification:
v-groove. The test pipe shall be at the Type I, Type II, Type III, 12.1.1 Density and dimensions,
or Type IV temperature specified in 4.1, when the insulation is 12.1.2 Linear shrinkage,
applied. For Class B material any special requirement for 12.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity,
heat-up shall be specified by the manufacturer shall be used. 12.1.4 Surface burning characteristics,
11.1.6.3 Immediately upon application to the pipe, the 12.1.5 Hot surface performance,
internal temperature rise shall be measured as prescribed in the 12.1.6 Sag resistance,
Hot Surface Performance section of Standard Practice C 447. 12.1.7 Water vapor sorption, and
11.1.7 Sag Resistance: 12.1.8 Non-fibrous content (shot).
11.1.7.1 Scope—This procedure is used to determine thick- 13. Inspection
ness loss as a result of exposure to maximum service during the
13.1 When agreed upon between the purchaser and manu-
hot surface performance test.
facturer or supplier, the inspection of material shall be made at
11.1.7.2 Significance and Use—Products having excessive either the point of shipment or the point of delivery. The
thickness loss at elevated temperature could yield less than following requirements are generally employed for the pur-
expected in-service performance. poses of acceptance and sampling of lots, on shipments of
11.1.7.3 Definition—Sag is defined as the extent of thick- qualified insulation:
ness loss due to material fatigue or decomposition due to 13.1.1 Dimensional tolerances, and Workmanship.
elevated temperature. 13.2 Rejection—Material that fails to conform to the re-
11.1.7.4 Procedure—For the sag determination, measure quirements of this specification may be rejected. Rejection
the thickness of the test length before and after 96-h hot surface should be reported to the manufacturer or supplier promptly
exposure. A pin gage suitable for this is described by Test and in writing. The manufacturer and supplier have the right to
Methods C 167. The measurement shall be taken at the top verify rejected products.
longitudinal center of the horizontally mounted test specimen. 14. Packaging and Package Marking
The pin gage shall be vertically inserted through the insulation
14.1 Packaging—Mineral fiber preformed pipe insulation
to obtain tip contact with the hot pipe surface. The pin gage
shall be packaged in the manufacturer’s standard commercial
shall be read with a steel rule to the nearest 1⁄32-in. (1 mm).
container unless otherwise agreed upon between the buyer,
Calculate the thickness sag as follows:
seller, and the manufacturer.
% change 5 ~~t1 2 t2!/t1! 3 100 (1) 14.2 Unless otherwise specified, each container shall be
where: marked with the manufacturer’s lot or date code identification,
t1 = starting thickness, and and facing, if any, on the material in the container. When
t2 = thickness after 96 h. specified in the purchase order or contract, each container shall
also be marked with the appropriate Specification C 547 type
11.1.7.5 Precision and Bias—See Method C 167, “Standard
and maximum use temperature.
Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or Batt
Thermal Insulations”. 15. Keywords
11.1.8 Non-fibrous Content (Shot)—For rock or slag based 15.1 mineral fiber thermal insulation; molded; physical
products non-fibrous content shall be determined in accordance properties; pipe insulation; precision v-groove; thermal
with Test Method C 1335. properties

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 C 547 – 07e1
ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. MINERAL FIBER PIPE INSULATION COMPRESSION RESILIENCY FOR NAVSEA

A1.1 Scope A1.5 Sample Preparation

A1.1.1 In addition to the requirements of this standard, A1.5.1 Three 12-in. (305 mm) long, half-round segments of
additional compression resiliency testing is required for Naval 332-in. (80 mm by 50 mm) mineral fiber pipe insulation are
Sea System Command (NAVSEA) acceptance. cut from a full-round section.

A1.2 Background A1.6 Thickness Determination

A1.6.1 A half-round 12-in. (305 mm) length of 3 3 2-in. (80
A1.2.1 NAVSEA engineers, builds and supports America’s
by 50 mm) pipe insulation is placed on a 3-in. (80 mm) NPS
Fleet of ships and combat systems. This test is only required if
pipe and measured for thickness using the pin gauge and steel
NAVSEA acceptance is desired.
rule. The measurements are in the center of the insulation
length and 3-in. (75 mm) from each end. These values are
A1.3 Test Overview
recorded as the initial thickness. The measurement points are
A1.3.1 Three 12-in. segments of half-round 3 by 2 in. (80 marked as the re-measurement points after compression. See
by 50 mm) thick mineral fiber pipe insulation are measured for Fig. A1.1.
initial thickness, then compressed 10 times to a maximum load
of 200 lbs., then re-measured for thickness recovery after A1.7 Compression Saddle
compression. A1.7.1 The sheet metal comprising the radius of the saddle
shall be 1⁄32 in. (13 gauge) (2 mm) or greater. See Fig. A1.2.
A1.4 Apparatus A1.7.2 An alternative to metal is to use a half round of 8-in.
A1.4.1 Universal testing machine, nominal (280 mm) Schedule 80 PVC piping which has an
A1.4.2 Pin gauge as specified in Test Methods C 167, average inside diameter of 7.565 in. (192 mm).
A1.7.3 The wooden portion shall be mechanically fastened
A1.4.3 Steel rule graduated in 1⁄32 in. (1 mm),
to the radial portion with wood screws.
A1.4.4 A 12 in. (305 mm) length of schedule 40, 3-in. (80
mm) nominal pipe size (NPS), A1.8 Compression Resiliency Test
A1.4.5 A 12 in. (305 mm) length of channel or I-beam for A1.8.1 The half round insulation segment is placed in the
supporting the 3-in. pipe, half-round compression saddle designed to test pipe insulation
A1.4.6 A sample of 3-in. x 2-in. (80 mm by 50 mm) thick (See Fig. A1.3). The saddle may be placed on top of the half

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mineral fiber pipe insulation, and round segment, or the segment may rest in the saddle (upside
A1.4.7 A 12-in. (305 mm) saddle conforming to the outside down from the figures provided). If the saddle is placed on top,
diameter of the insulation. and is not fixed to the crosshead of the testing machine, then its

FIG. A1.1 Thickness Determination

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 C 547 – 07e1

FIG. A1.2 Compression Saddle Configuration

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FIG. A1.3 Test Set-up for Compression Resiliency

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 C 547 – 07e1
mass shall be taken into account as part of the pounds force
applied to the half round section. If the saddle is on the bottom,
% Comp. Resiliency 5 S D
Average Recovered Thickness
Average Initial Thickness x 100

then the 3 in. (80 mm) NPS pipe shall be fixed to the (A1.1)
cross-head of the universal testing machine. Hence there would
be no apparatus mass to be accounted for. A1.10 Requirement
A1.8.2 Using the universal testing machine, the half-round A1.10.1 The average of three tests shall have a thickness
section shall be loaded to a force of 200 lbs. (90 kg) and recovery after compression of greater than or equal to 90
released. This is repeated a total of ten times. The test speed percent.
shall be 0.5 in. (12 mm) per minute.
A1.8.3 The compressed sample is re-measured for thickness
A1.11 Precision and Bias
after 15 min rest after the last compression and recorded. (See
Fig. A1.1), A1.11.1 No precision or bias is presented for the C 547
A1.8.4 Three 12-in. (305 mm) long, half-sections shall be Annex A1 Compression Resilience test since the test is a
tested. NAVSEA only requirement.
A1.9 Calculation
A1.9.1 The percent of thickness recovery after enduring ten
loading of a force equal to 200 lbs. per lineal foot (90 kg per
0.305 m) is calculated as follows for the three tests:

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