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Ryerson University
Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing
CNUR 860 FALL 2020 Statistics Assignment
Bivariate Descriptive statistics and Inferential t test and ANOVA
Course Leader Dr Elaine Santa Mina
Total Marks for this assignment = 20
This assignment accompanies the RNAO Best Practice Guideline
Prevention of Constipation in the Older Adult
Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (2005). Prevention of Constipation in the Older Adult
Population. (Revised). Toronto, Canada: Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario

Prepare your assignment as per APA 6th format, inclusive of a title page, pages
numbered, double spaced, reference page etc.

DO NOT RECOPY Question format and DO NOT INSERT ANSWERS IN POINT

FORM;

Reference your Salkind text appropriately. Note: all charts and graphs must have a
complete title. It is not adequate to use only the variable name for a title. It is not
adequate to include chart or graph embedded within a sentence with the chart or graph as
the end of the sentence. Follow APA 6th for chart and graphs. Title must convey what the
chart is telling the reader.

NOTE: do not use a downloaded copy of this word document as the foundation document
on which you prepare and submit your paper (to do so may be considered plagiarism).
Create your own new word document.

Use of personal tutors: you may use a tutor ONLY for the explanation and
understanding of statistical principles and NOT for the completion or production of this
or any assignment in part or in whole. If you cite either an instructor or tutor you must
quote as per APA (not to do so, will be considered plagiarism).

For assignment 1 use the C NUR 860 statistics assignment 1 database with data
dictionary. This is fictional data.

Grading: 4.0 marks automatic deduction if APA 6th not followed,

Assignments completed in point form will NOT be accepted for grading.

This is an individual assignment, not a group assignment, see course syllabus re

directions to not share files, papers, or any part of your assignment with another
student, in this or any other semester, as that may constitute academic misconduct.
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Question 1. (Five marks total)

a. Create a contingency (pivot in excel) tables, cut, and paste the excel output for the
variables: (You must decide which variables are independent and dependent
in each pivot table) (1 mark for each pivot table for a total of 4 marks for all
pivot tables). All charts must be labeled completely for full marks.

i. ‘age group’ and ‘gender’.

ii ‘age group’ and ‘history of chronic laxative use’

iii ‘age group’ and ‘toileting level’

iv 'gender’ and choose any other categorical variable that may be of interest to the
researcher to describe this sample (other than age group as conducted in i)

.
b. For ONE of the above tables, discuss (critically interpret the statistics) the
findings of the descriptive analysis for this sample. Based upon these descriptive
results for this sample, for that same table, suggest possible nursing implications
for practice and one possible research question. (As this is bivariate analysis, must
discuss bivariate practice and research implications ie discuss both variables in
their association with each other). 1 mark

Question 2. (Five marks total)

a. Create summary statistics reports of descriptive data for the two variables:
i) ‘typical daily fluid intake in mls’

0.25 arks

ii) ‘typical daily fibre intake in grams’

0.25 marks

b. Explain the standard error (S.E.) number in relation to the sample means for each
variable. 1 mark

c. Write a null hypothesis for the variables in question 2a and b.

State which variables are the independent and dependent and the levels of
measure for each 0.5 marks

d. Write a research (an alternate) hypothesis for the variables in question 2c.
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State if hypothesis is directional or not, (and if so, which direction). Logic of

independent and dependent variables must be consistent between null and research
hypotheses. 0.5 marks

e. For the two variables above, based upon the research hypothesis you created,
calculate the Pearson r, and explain relationship in terms of strength and direction.
Explain the relationship between the two variables in words. (Note: you are not
being asked to test the hypothesis you created above, just to calculate and explain
the r) 1 mark

f. Determine the coefficient of determination for the Pearson’s r calculated in

question 2e. Explain its meaning in terms of the relationship between the two
variables. (this number is found in excel output for the regression
as the r squared) 0.5 marks

g. For the two variables above, based upon the research hypothesis you created, create
a scatter plot 0.5 marks

Remember to decide which variable is logically the independent variable (or factor)
and which is the dependent variable in order to decide which variable goes on the x-
axis and which variable goes in the y-axis, as indicated by the hypothesis you created.
Label the variables names and codes for each variable’s categories as per the data
dictionary either in a legend or on the plot.

h. Discuss the relationship between the two variables. You must discuss the
relationships in words in terms of the hypothesis you presented, ie use the variable
names in your discussion of the relationship to explain it (critically interpret the
statistics) and possible implications for a) practice and b) research based on these
results. Include a discussion of any of the demographic data that you have analyzed in
previous assignments. 0.5 marks

Question 3. (Five marks total)

For the following research scenario, state and complete each step of the hypothesis
testing procedure.

The researchers wanted to learn, if men and women differed in their functional abilities.

The research question is:

Is functional ability gender specific?

a. Conduct the inferential test by completing EACH step and its sub steps
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Step 1) To select a test statistic:

State the null hypothesis (0.25 marks)

State the research hypothesis. (0.25 marks)
Identify the target population (0.25 marks)
Identify the sample population (0.25 marks)
Identify the independent variable or factor and level of measure
(0.25 marks)
Identify the dependent variable and the level of measure.
(0.25 marks)

State the test to be done and provide your rationale (0.25 marks)

Step 2) To establish the level of significance: (0.25 marks)

State the level of significance for the test:

Step 3) To select a one-tailed or two-tailed test: (0.25)

State your choice of a one or two tailed test

Provide your rationale.

Step 4) Conduct the test in excel and report the calculated test statistic, for either
the one-tailed or two- tailed test, as per your choice above
`You must include the excel output (0.25 marks)

Step 5) To calculate the degrees of freedom: (0.25 marks)

Calculate and state the degrees of freedom for this test

and explain how that number was derived ie show your calculation

Step 6) State the critical value to be exceeded by the calculated t test statistic, for
either the one-tailed or two- tailed test as per your choice above, from the
excel output. (0.25 marks)
(Look for this critical value manually in the textbook table for t test
statistics by using the one or two tailed test, df and alpha which you
determined, in order to compare the calculated t test statistic value from
your analysis with the critical value as listed in the table, which will
confirm your computer critical value.)
(critical value to be exceeded)

Step 7) Compare the calculated t test statistic with the level of significance at
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which the test statistic fell under the curve; and make a decision to accept
or reject the null hypothesis

State the p value at which the test statistic was located under the curve.

Report as test statistic score = , df = , p = (0.25 marks)

State 3 decisions: (0.75 marks)

i) Are the results statistically significant?
ii) Do you accept or reject the null hypothesis?
iii) What do you conclude about the research hypothesis?

b. Discuss (interpret) your findings. (Interpretation includes discussion of

descriptive analyses with all relevant data outputs, possible error sources,
generalizability and critique of design that would suggest bias).

Discuss the nursing practice and research implications based on the results
from the analysis of this research question.

Include a discussion of any of the demographic data that you have analyzed in
previous assignments. (One mark for total of 3b.)

Question 4. (Five marks total)

For the following research scenario, state and complete each step of the hypothesis
testing procedure.

The researchers wanted to know if the level of toileting independence effected the
frequency of weekly bowel movements.

The research question was:

Do clients who require total assistance with toileting have fewer weekly bowel
movements (ie less regularity and therefore more constipation) then clients who are
independent or require only some assistance with toileting?

a. Conduct the inferential test by completing EACH step and its sub steps

Step 1) To select a test statistic:

State the null hypothesis (0.25 marks)

State the research hypothesis. (0.25 marks)
Identify the target population (0.25 marks)
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Identify the sample population (0.25 marks)

Identify the independent variable or factor and level of measure
(0.25 marks)
Identify the dependent variable and the level of measure.
(0.25 marks)

State the test to be done and provide your rationale (0.25 marks)

Step 2) To establish the level of significance: (0.25 marks)

State the level of significance for the test:

Step 3) To select a one-tailed or two-tailed test: (0.25)

State your choice of a one or two tailed test

Provide your rationale.

Step 4) Conduct the test in excel and report the calculated test statistic, for either
the one-tailed or two- tailed test, as per your choice above
`You must include the excel output (0.25 marks)

Step 5) To calculate the degrees of freedom: (0.25 marks)

Calculate and state the degrees of freedom for this test

and explain how that number was derived ie show your calculation

Step 6) State the critical value to be exceeded by the calculated t test statistic, for
either the one-tailed or two- tailed test as per your choice above, from the
excel output. (0.25 marks)
(Look for this critical value manually in the textbook table for t test
statistics by using the one or two tailed test, df and alpha which you
determined, in order to compare the calculated t test statistic value from
your analysis with the critical value as listed in the table, which will
confirm your computer critical value.)
(critical value to be exceeded)

Step 7) Compare the calculated t test statistic with the level of significance at
which the test statistic fell under the curve; and make a decision to accept
or reject the null hypothesis

State the p value at which the test statistic was located under the curve.

Report as test statistic score = , df = , p = (0.25 marks)

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State 3 decisions: (0.75 marks)

i) Are the results statistically significant?
ii) Do you accept or reject the null hypothesis?
iii) What do you conclude about the research hypothesis?

b. Discuss (interpret) your findings. (Interpretation includes discussion of

descriptive analyses with all relevant data outputs, possible error sources,
generalizability and critique of design that would suggest bias).

Discuss the nursing practice and research implications based on the results
from the analysis of this research question.

Include a discussion of any of the demographic data that you have analyzed in
previous assignments. (One mark for total of 4b.)