Lesson Plan for

Brahms in l890’s Vienna: Learning about Chamber Music

Discovering the world of chamber music and Vienna through the music of Brahms Clarinet Trio in A
minor, Opus 114. Grades 3 – 6.

Introduction: Brahms in l890’s Vienna is an online educational experience featuring the Brahms
Clarinet Trio in A minor Opus 114 and setting the music in a story about him, and his city,
Vienna, Austria. Music listening guides and music games will explore the elements of music and
additional information and resources can be found by clicking on “Café Central.” At the end of
the story, kids can enjoy three related experiences in Prater Park!

Brahms in l890’s Vienna is teacher ready! Cross-curricular activities are offered as well as a
complete list of learning objectives and concepts tied to state and national standards in music
education.

Content Focus:
 Music
 Visual Arts
 History/Architecture

Length: One or two 50-minute periods

Materials: Downloadable art, history/architecture activities, online interactive game. Because of

extensive multimedia sound, this interactive program works best on faster computers (PCPentium
3 or better, MacG4 or better) and with broadband connections (DSL or cable). This program
requires the Flash plug-in version 8 or higher.
Go to http://www.adobe.com/go/download/getflash to download Flash.

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Teaching and Procedures:
Music Education: The Clarinet Trio in A minor Opus 114 was written by Johannes Brahms
after he listened to the playing of the famous clarinetist, Richard Mühlfeld. The composition
represents Brahms’ mature work and features beautiful melodic lines for each instrument as well
as a wonderful “conversation” among the three “voices.”

The music underscores a story which involves the composer, the grandson of the famous pianist
Clara Schumann, and the other instrumentalists who played with the composer at the premiere of
the Clarinet Trio, the clarinetist, Richard Mühlfeld and the cellist, Robert Hausmann. The story
will carry the visitor to four destinations where there will be activities which will teach about
history and a music learning game which will teach music elements. This learning experience will
guide the visitor in listening to classical music as well as present concepts such as identifying
visually and aurally the shape and sound of the cello, clarinet, and piano, the music elements of
beat, rhythm, tempo, melody, phrase, and music composition (melodic building blocks and music
layering). As the visitor listens to the music and follows the story, other music concepts will be
presented as listening guides, helping visitors hear color, mood, energy, fabric, and musical flow.

In addition to this introduction to Chamber Music and learning about the composer Johannes
Brahms and the culture of l890’s Vienna, visitors will receive an introduction to the art of Gustav
Klimt, and the history of the famous Ringstrasse (or Ring Boulevard) and its monumental
buildings.

About Chamber Music: Chamber music is a form of classical music written for a small group
of musicians and is performed in a small room, often a private home or other smaller “hall” with
an intimate atmosphere. A wide variety of music ensembles are to be found in the chamber music
repertoire, including a trio, or three players as is featured in Brahms Clarinet Trio in A minor
which includes a piano, a cello, and a clarinet. Composers typically use this form of composition
to express personal thoughts of an intimate nature, often dedicating their chamber works to
friends or loved ones. The music is a wonderful conversation between various musical “voices”
represented by the instruments chosen by the composer, and is often performed by friends who
enjoy making music together.

About the composer Johannes Brahms: Johannes Brahms began his musical education at the
age of seven when he studied piano. As soon as he played well enough, he helped his family by
performing on the piano in restaurants and theaters. At l9, he made his first concert tour as a
pianist and had also been composing music as a teenager. When he was 20 he was introduced to
the famous composer Robert Schumann who became his mentor. Composing steadily, he began
to have success, writing for the most famous violinist of the times, Joseph Joachim and works for
Schumann’s wife, the famous pianist Clara. By l890 he had achieved great fame, and enjoyed a
significant place in Vienna’s musical life. He has been called one of the three great “Bs” of
German composers, Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms.

The Art of Vienna l890s: In Vienna during the l890s, traditional painting styles were starting to
be replaced by a more revolutionary and “modern” use of color, form, and composition. At the

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 head of this movement was the artist Gustav Klimt whose painting style incorporated many
elements of Art Nouveau or the Jugendstil (young style), an international style of art, architecture,
and design characterized by flowing, curving designs incorporating brilliant color and designs of
triangles and squares often colored in gold.

Ringstrasse Architecture of Vienna: In l857, the Emperor Franz Joseph began construction of
the Ringstrasse (or Ring Boulevard) which was designed to circle the center of the city. The
magnificent road was built after the demolition of the old city walls. The Emperor wanted to
incorporate the suburbs into the center of the city and circle them in a ring, a large boulevard
which was planned leaving space for trees and monumental governmental buildings and those of
a concert hall, opera house, museums, and improvements on the University of Vienna. These
buildings were designed and built during the same time but their architectural styles were
different, some were in the classical Greek style, some in the Gothic style, and some in the styles
of the Italian and French Renaissance. This mix of architectural styles is often referred to as
Ringstrassestil, or Ring Boulevard Style. The Boulevard was large enough for the processions of
the royal family and pleasant enough for the citizens of Vienna who enjoyed walking on the
lovely street.

Process:
Depending on the number of computers available in the classroom, divide the class into groups
accordingly. Each student should be able to get a turn at the computer, listening to the music on the home
page as well as playing the music games, listening to the music and following the story.

Evaluation of a student’s learning can be assessed by giving students the Quiz before their exploration of
the Chamber Music education module and having them fill out the Quiz again at the end of the learning
experience and comparing the answers. Additionally, a teacher might choose to have students fill out the
Quiz as they find the answers during the exploration of the module (generally the answers can be
discovered in the Listening-and-Learning material found in each destination room). Teachers might want
to review the Listening-and-Learning materials after all the students have explored the module.

If the classroom has only one computer, divide the class up into three groups, one at the computer, one
group working with the art print out, and the last group working with the history/architecture print out.
Students can put up their art and history/architecture pages for other students to see.

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Evaluation/Outcomes:
 Students will be able to identify visually and aurally the shape and sound of the piano, cello, and
clarinet Students will be able to describe the way sound is produced on the piano
 Students will be able to understand the concept of tempo in music, learning the terms “Allegro,
Adagio, and Andante”
 Students will be able to understand the concept of rhythm in music
 Students will be able to identify music composition terms such as music layering
 Students will be able to identify musical phrases
 Students will be able to identify motion and flow in melodic themes
 Students will be able to identify texture and energy in melody
 Students will be able to identify color and mood in melody
 Students will be able to recognize the characteristics of the Art of Gustav Klimt
 Students will be able to identify the geography of the Ringstrasse and identify some of its famous
buildings
 Students will be able to understand the culture of l890 Vienna and some of its famous citizens

Learning Concepts: Listening and Learning about Brahms’ Clarinet Trio in A minor
 Melodies (tunes) are made up of musical tones called pitches
 Pitches sound high, low, medium
 Melody is created when pitches are heard in a linear fashion
 Musical phrase is a part of musical form
 Musical phrases are similar to sentences in language arts
 Music elements include rhythm and tempo
 Instruments have their own sound and shape
 Composers use the layering of musical “voices” of instruments and build their compositions with
musical “blocks” or phrases.
 Non-elemental characteristics of music include motion, flow, texture or fabric, energy, color and
mood

Learning Objectives: Listening and Learning about Brahms’ Clarinet Trio in A minor
 To introduce the role of the composer in creating music
 To understand that melody has shape formed by pitch
 To understand that pitches are notes that move to create melody
 To recognize motion and flow in music
 To recognize texture and energy in music
 To recognize color and mood in music

Learning Objectives: Brahms Interactive Games

 To identify visually and aurally the sound and shape of the piano, cello and clarinet
 To recognize the role of tempo in music and identify three basic tempi
 To identify basic even and uneven rhythm (or meter) in music composition

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Learning Objectives: Art Activity (Visual Arts)
 To view and describe important art from the culture of Vienna
 To explain how artists use their work to communicate their ideas
 To describe how art plays a role in reflecting the life of the times of Vienna l890

Learning Objectives: History Activity (History/Architecture)

 To identify with maps and illustrations the historical event of Ringstrasse architecture in 1890s
Vienna
 To describe three styles of classic architecture

Answers to Chamber Music Quiz :

l. (C – music composed for a small number of musicians)
2. (D – a small room)
3. (B – an instrument you play by blowing air through a reed)
4. (D – a group of three musicians)
5. (A –how fast or slow a music composition is to be played)
6. (D – a lot of gold paint and design)
7. (D – all of the above)

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California Standards for Visual and Performing Arts
Dr. Brahms’ Apartment and “Fix Dr. Brahms’ Piano” Music Game

 Grade One: Artistic Perception 1.3 Identify Common instruments visually and aurally in a
variety of setttings ; Aesthetic Valuing 4.2 Describe how ideas or moods are communicated
through music
 Grade Two: Artistic Perception 1.3 Identify ascending/descending melody and even/uneven
rhythm patterns in selected pieces of music ; Aesthetic Valuing 4.3 Identify how music elements
communicate ideas or moods
 Grade Three: Artistic Perception 1.5 Describe the way in which sound is produced on various
instruments 1.3 Identify melody, rhythm, harmony, and timbre in selected pieces of music
when presented aurally Aesthetic Valuing 4.3 Describe how specific musical elements
communicate particular ideas or moods in music

Musikverein and “Build A Clarinet Trio” Music Game

 Grade One: Artistic Perception 1.3 Identify common instruments visually and aurally in a
variety of settings; Aesthetic Valuing 4.2 Describe how ideas or moods are communicated
through music
 Grade Two: Artistic Perception 1.5 Identify visually and aurally individual wind, string, bass,
and percussion instruments used in a variety of music; Aesthetic Valuing 4.3 Describe how
specific musical elements communicate particular ideas or moods in music
 Grade Three: Artistic Perception 1.3 Identify melody, rhythm, harmony, and timbre in selected
pieces of music when presented aurally, 1.4 Identify visually and aurally the four families of
orchestral instruments; Aesthetic Valuing 4.3 Describe how specific musical elements
communicate particular ideas or moods in music
 Grade Four: Artistic Perception 1.4 Describe music according to its elements, using the
terminology of music

Klimt Studio and “Dance Klimt Dance” Music Game

 Grade One: Artistic Perception 1.3 Identify common instruments visually and aurally in a
variety of settings; Aesthetic Valuing 4.2 Describe how ideas or moods are communicated
through music
 Grade Two: Artistic Perception 1.5 Identify visually and aurally individual wind, string, bass and
percussion instruments used in a variety of music; 1.3 Identify ascending/melody and
even/uneven rhythm patterns in selected pieces of music; Aesthetic Valuing 4.3 Identify how
musical elements communicate moods or ideas
 Grade Three: Artistic Perception 1.3 Identify melody, rhythm, harmony and timbre in selected
pieces of music when presented aurally; 1.5 describe the way in which sound is produced on

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 various instruments ; Aesthetic Valuing 4.3 describe how specific musical elements communicate
particular ideas or moods in music; Connections, Relationships, Applications 5.1 Identify the use
of similar elements in music and other art forms (e.g., form, pattern, rhythm)
 Grade Four: Artistic Perception 1.4 Describe music according to its elements, using the
terminology of music

National Standards for Music Education

 #6 Listening to, analyzing, and describing music

 #8 Understanding relationships between music, other arts, and disciplines outside the arts

 #9 Understanding music in relation to history and culture

Cross Curricular Activities in Visual Arts, History/Social Sciences

Visual Arts:
Standard 3.0 Grade 2,3,4 Students analyze the roles and development of visual arts in past and present
cultures throughout the world, noting human diversity as it relates to the visual arts and artists

Visual Arts:
Standard 5.0 Grade 4 Construct diagrams, maps, graphs, timelines, and illustrations to communicate
ideas or tell a story about a historical event

History/Architecture:
Students use map skills to determine the absolute locations of places and interpret information available
through a map’s symbolic representation

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