Notes & Outlines

MATTHEW

J. Vernon McGee
 GOSPEL OF MATTHEW
Although it is not alleged that the arrangement of the books of the Bible is
inspired, it is a historical fact that spiritual and scholarly men supervised the
arrangement of the books of the New Testament canon. Therefore, it is no acci-
dent that the Gospel of Matthew is first. Even Renan, the French skeptic, said
of this Gospel, “…the most important book in Christendom — the most impor-
tant book that ever has been written.” This Gospel stands like a swinging door
between the two Testaments. It swings back into the Old Testament and gath-
ers up prophecies fulfilled at the first coming of Christ, and it swings into the
New Testament and speaks of the “new creation” of God, “Upon this rock I will
build my church” (Matthew 16:18).
WRITER:
Matthew was a converted publican (Matthew 9:9) who was chosen to write to
the Jews concerning their Messiah.
KEY:
Matthew presents the program of God. The “kingdom of heaven” is an expres-
sion which is peculiar to this Gospel. It occurs 32 times. The word “kingdom”
occurs 50 times. A proper understanding of the phrase “kingdom of heaven” is
essential to any interpretation of the Bible. The kingdom of heaven and the
church are not the same. John the Baptist was the first to use the expression
“the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 3:2). He began his ministry with the bold
and startling announcement, “Repent; for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.”
When the Lord Jesus Christ began His ministry, He likewise began with this
very announcement (Matthew 4:17). Neither John nor Jesus attempted to
explain the meaning of the term. It is reasonable to assume that the people to
whom the message was given had some conception of its meaning. The Jews
of the first century in Palestine had a clearer understanding of the term than the
average church member in Christendom today. They were not confused by the
theologians of 19 centuries who have attempted to fit the term into some sys-
tem of theology. In this they were fortunate. They understood the term to be
the sum total of all the prophecies of the Old Testament concerning the coming
of the King from heaven to set up a kingdom on this earth with heaven’s stan-
dard. The concept is not new (Daniel 2:44; 7:14, 27).
To read into this expression the history since John and Jesus made the first
announcement is a presumption which the Scriptures will not countenance. The
kingdom was near in the person of the King. The kingdom has not been post-
poned, as God still intends to carry out His earthly purpose on schedule — “Yet
have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion” (Psalm 2:6). God’s dealing with
men since the rejection and crucifixion of the King has been in the framework
of the kingdom of heaven. He is carrying out a heavenly purpose today “bring-
ing many sons unto glory” (Hebrews 2:10). The calling out of the church is not
synonymous with the kingdom of heaven, though the church is in the kingdom
of heaven (Matthew 13). Neither is the term “kingdom of God” synonymous
with “kingdom of heaven.” The “kingdom of God”' is a broader term that
encompasses all of God’s creation, including angels. The following chart may
be helpful in thinking of these terms with the proper distinction.

The church is in the kingdom of heaven, but it is not the same; likewise it is
in the kingdom of God. Los Angeles is in the state of California, but it is not the
same. California is in the United States and is part of it, but it is not identical to
the whole country — in spite of what the Chamber of Commerce claims.
It will be seen that the term “kingdom of heaven” is a progressive term in the
Gospel of Matthew. It assumes the mystery form during the days of the rejection
of the King, but the King becomes a sower in the world (Matthew 13). The king-
dom will be established on this earth at the return of the King (Matthew 24, 25).
The four Gospels constitute a modern newspaper: Matthew contains the
announcements and advertising, “The kingdom of heaven is at hand”; Mark
carries the flaming headlines, “Behold my servant” (we need to know the head-
lines, at least, of God’s program); Luke has the special features — he alone
records the songs connected with the birth of Christ, the stories of the Good
Samaritan and of the Prodigal Son; John has the editorial section — he has writ-
ten on the bread of life, the water of life, the true vine, and the Christian life.

OUTLINE: “Behold Your King” — Matthew presents the Lord Jesus Christ
as the King.

I. Person of the King, Chapters 1, 2

II. Preparation of the King, Chapters 3:1 — 4:16
III. Propaganda of the King, Chapters 4:17 — 9:35
 IV. Program of the King, Chapters 9:36 — 16:20
V. Passion of the King, Chapters 16:21 — 27:66
VI. Power of the King, Chapter 28
There is a movement in Matthew. Learn to think your way through the entire
Gospel from the first chapter through the twenty-eighth. You must know Matthew
to understand the Bible. You can no more understand the Bible without under-
standing the Gospel of Matthew than you can write without an alphabet.
Moving Through Matthew
CHAPTER
1 Genealogy and record of virgin birth of Jesus
2 Visit of wise men — flight to Egypt — return to Nazareth
3 John the Baptist, forerunner of King, announces kingdom and baptizes
Jesus, the King
4 Testing of the King in wilderness — begins public ministry at Caper-
naum — calls disciples
5, 6, 7 Sermon on the Mount
(1) Relationship of subjects of kingdom to self, 5:1-16
(2) Relationship of subjects of kingdom to Law, 5:17-48
(3) Relationship of subjects of kingdom to God, 6
(4) Relationship of children of King to each other, 7
8 Six miracles of King demonstrate His dynamic to enforce ethics of
Sermon on the Mount
9 Performs six more miracles — calls Matthew — contends with Pharisees
10 Jesus commissions twelve to preach gospel of the kingdom to nation
Israel
11 Quizzed by disciples of John — rejects unrepentant cities — issues
new invitation to individuals
12 Conflict and final break of Jesus with religious rulers
13 Mystery parables of kingdom of heaven
14 John the Baptist beheaded — Jesus feeds 5,000 — sends disciples into
storm at sea — walks on water to them
15 Jesus denounces scribes and Pharisees — heals daughter of Syrophoe-
nician woman and multitudes — feeds 4,000
16 Conflict with Pharisees and Sadducees — confession from disciples,
Peter spokesman — Jesus first confronts them with church, His death
and resurrection
17 Transfiguration — demon-possessed boy — tax money provided by
miracle
 18 Little child — lost sheep — conduct in coming church — parable on
forgiveness
19 God’s standard for marriage and divorce — little children blessed —
rich young ruler — apostles’ position in coming kingdom
20 Parable of laborers in vineyard — Jesus makes 4th and 5th announce-
ments of His approaching death — mother requests places of honor for
James and John — Jesus restores sight to two men
21 King offers Himself publicly and finally to nation — cleanses temple
— curses fig tree — condemns religious rulers with parables of two
sons and householder
22 Parable of marriage feast for king’s son — Jesus answers and silences
Herodians, Sadducees, Pharisees
23 Jesus warns against and pronounces woes upon scribes and Pharisees
— weeps over Jerusalem
24, 25 Olivet Discourse:
Jesus answers questions about sign of end of age and sign of His com-
ing — parable of ten virgins — parable of eight talents — judgment of
sheep and goat nations
26 Jesus plotted against — anointed by Mary of Bethany — sold by Judas
— observes last Passover and first Lord’s Supper — agonizes in
Gethsemane — arrested and tried by religious rulers — disowned by
Peter
27 Trial, death and burial of the King
28 Resurrection of the King — His great commission

THE BRIDGE BETWEEN THE OLD & NEW TESTAMENTS

There are approximately 400 years which take place between the days of
Nehemiah and Malachi and the birth of Jesus Christ in Bethlehem. This is a
great yawning chasm of silence as far as Scripture is concerned. Nevertheless,
this period was a thrilling time when momentous and world-shaking events
were transpiring. A brief understanding of these days is at least essential to a
right appreciation of the New Testament.
World history made rapid strokes in this interval. The internal condition of
Judah experienced a radical transformation. A new culture, different institu-
tions, and unfamiliar organizations arose in this period which appear in the
New Testament.
The Old Testament closed with the Medio-Persian Empire being the domi-
nant power. Also, Egypt was still a power to be reckoned with in world poli-
tics. During the interval between the Testaments both faded from the scene as
outstanding nations. World power shifted from the East to the West, from the
Orient to the Occident, from Asia to Europe, and from Medio-Persia to Greece.
When the New Testament opens, a new power, Rome, is the world ruler. A con-
sideration of some important, approximate dates will give a rapid succession of
major events which mark the transition.
480 B.C. Xerxes, the Persian, was victorious against the Greeks at Thermo-
pylae, but he was defeated at the battle of Salamis. This was the
last bid of the East for world dominion.
333 B.C. Alexander the Great led the united Greek forces to victory over
the Persians at Issus.
332 B.C. Alexander the Great visited Jerusalem. He was shown the prophe-
cy of Daniel which spoke of him; therefore he spared Jerusalem.
323 B.C. Alexander died, and the world empire of both East and West was
divided among his four generals.
320 B.C. Judea was annexed to Egypt by Ptolemy Soter.
312 B.C. Selucius founded the kingdom of the Selucidae. Judea became the
battleground between Syria and Egypt as a buffer state.
203 B.C. Antiochus the Great took Jerusalem, and Judea passed under the
influence of Syria.
170 B.C. Antiochus Epiphanes took Jerusalem and defiled the temple. He
had been mentioned in Daniel as the little horn (Daniel 8:9). He
has been called the “Nero of Jewish history.”
166 B.C. Mattathias, the priest of Judea, raised a revolt against Syria. This
is the beginning of the Maccabean period. The Jews have never
suffered more than during this era, and never were they more
heroic than in this interval. Judas Maccabaeus, “the hammer,”
was the leader who organized the revolt.
63 B.C. Pompey, the Roman, took Jerusalem, and this people passed under
the rulership of a new world power, where they were at the time
of the birth of Jesus.
40 B.C. Roman Senate appointed Herod to be King of Judea.
37 B.C. Herod took Jerusalem and slew Antigonus, the last of the Mac-
cabean king-priests.
27 B.C. Caesar Augustus became emperor of Rome.
19 B.C. The rebuilding of the Herodian temple was begun.
4 B.C. Anno Domini — “in the year of the Lord” — Jesus was born in
Bethlehem.
The experiences of the nation of Judea during the inter-testament period
affected its internal life. In fact, a radical change took place. After the
Babylonian captivity, they turned from idolatry to a frantic striving for legal
holiness. The Law became an idol to them. The classic Hebrew gave way to
the Aramaic in their everyday speech, but the Hebrew was retained for their
synagogues. The synagogue, which seemed to have come in right after the
Captivity, became the center of their life in Judea and also everywhere they
went into the world.
Many parties appeared among them. In Judea there were several prominent
ones. They were:
1. Pharisees — The Pharisees arose to defend the Jewish way of life
against all foreign influences. They were strict legalists who believed in the Old
Testament and who were nationalists in politics.
2. Sadducees — The Sadducees were made up of the wealthy and social
minded who wanted to get rid of tradition. They rejected the supernatural and
were opposed to the Pharisees who accepted it. The Sadducees were closely
akin to the Greek Epicureans.
3. Scribes — The scribes were a group of professional expounders of the
Law which stemmed from the days of Ezra. They became “hair-splitters” and
were more concerned with the “letter of the law” than with the “spirit of the law.”
4. Herodians — The Herodians were a party in the days of Jesus who
arose as political opportunists seeking to maintain the Herods on the throne.
There was great literary activity during this period in spite of the fact that
there was no revelation from God. The Old Testament was translated into
Greek in Alexandria in Egypt during the period 285-247 B.C. It was made by
six members from each of the 12 tribes; hence, the name given to this transla-
tion was “Septuagint,” meaning seventy.
The Apocrypha of the Old Testament was written in this era. These are 14
books which bear no marks of inspiration. They are as follows: 1 and 2 Esdras,
Tobit, Judith, 2 Esther, Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, Baruch, Song of
the Three Holy Children, History of Susannah, Bel and the Dragon, Prayer of
Manasses, and 1 and 2 Maccabees. There are two books which are classified as
the Pseudepigrapha because they bear the names of two characters of the Old
Testament, but there is no evidence that these two were the writers. These two
books are the Psalter of Solomon and the Book of Enoch.
Although this is a period marked by the silence of God, it is, nevertheless,
evident that God was preparing the world for the coming of Christ. The Jewish
people, the Greek civilization, the Roman Empire, and the seething multitudes
of the Orient were all being prepared for the coming of a Savior, insomuch that
these events produced the scene which Paul labeled “the fulness of time.”
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
Frank, Harry Thomas, editor. Hammond’s Atlas of the Bible Lands. Maple-
wood, New Jersey: Hammond Inc., 1977. (Excellent and inexpensive.)
Gaebelein, Arno C. The Gospel of Matthew. Neptune, New Jersey: Loizeaux
Brothers, Inc., 1910.
Ironside, H. A. Expository Notes on the Gospel of Matthew. Neptune, New
Jersey: Loizeaux Brothers, Inc., n.d. (Especially good for young Christians.)
Kelly, William. Lectures on the Gospel of Matthew. Neptune, New Jersey:
Loizeaux Brothers, Inc., 1868.
McGee, J. Vernon. Matthew, Vols. 1 & 2. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas
Nelson Publishers, 1975. (A comprehensive study.)
McGee, J. Vernon. Moving Through Matthew. Pasadena, California: Thru the
Bible Radio, 1955. (An outline study.)
Pentecost, J. Dwight. The Parables of Our Lord. Grand Rapids, Michigan:
Zondervan Publishing House, 1982.
Pentecost, J. Dwight. The Words and Works of Jesus Christ. Grand Rapids,
Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1981.
Scroggie, W. Graham. A Guide to the Gospels. London: Pickering & Inglis,
1948. (Excellent for personal or group study.)
Thomas, W. H. Griffith. Outline Studies in Matthew. Grand Rapids, Michigan:
Eerdmans, 1961.
Vos, Howard F. Beginnings in the Life of Christ. Chicago, Illinois: Moody
Press, 1975.
Vos, Howard F. Matthew: A Study Guide Commentary. Grand Rapids,
Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1979.
Walvoord, John F. Gospel of Matthew. Chicago, Illinois: Moody Press, 1975.

These notes, prepared by J. Vernon McGee, are for the purpose of giving
assistance to the listeners of the THRU THE BIBLE RADIO program.
They are to be used with the Bible and will be more meaningful as you
look up all the Scripture references. Due to the necessary brevity of both
notes and broadcasts, a list of recommended books is included for those
wanting a more detailed study. These books may be obtained from a
Christian library or bookstore or ordered from the publishers.

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