7

1. Define biosphere – The biosphere is the area of the Earth where life exists.
Several ecosystems can also be

found here. This includes air, water, or land.
2. Define biome – A biome is a group of living and non-living organisms or a group of plants and animals which has
common characteristics that enables them to survive in a certain place they are dwelling in.
3. Biomes are defined by two sets of characteristics. Define and give an example of each.
a. Abiotic – Temperature, air, water, sunlight, etc. are examples of an abiotic factor. In short,
the non-living components of the ecosystem
b. Biotic – Plants, animals, fishes, etc. are examples of biotic factors. In short, the living
components of the ecosystem.
4. The two most significant abiotic factors that influence life in a biome are average temperature and
precipitation.
5. What is latitude?
 Latitude is estimated by degrees. It is a distance from the equator.
a. Label the equator (0°), South Pole (90°S), and North Pole (90°S) on the globe.
NORTH POLE
SOUTH POLE
b. What is the relationship between latitude and average temperature?
 There are times or possibilities that the latitude of an ecosystem will increase, and as it increases, the
average temperature will be affected, it will decrease.
6. What is altitude?
 An altitude is usually presented in a vertical or upward direction. It is often referred to as an elevation or a
distance measured above the sea level.
a. What is the relationship between altitude and average temperature?

 Just like the relationship of latitude and the average temperature, altitude also has the
same effect on the average temperature. As altitude increases, the average
temperature decreases.
7. What are two ways that a large body of water can affect a biome?
 Westerlies and trade winds can affect biomes since they are predominating winds that occur on earth's
equatorial regions. Wherein westerlies blow from the west towards east and trade winds blow from east and
west, and north and south.
8. According to the rain shadow effect, which side of the mountain receives more precipitation?
 The windward side of the mountain is the face of the mountain that encounters the wind. Hence, the
windward side receives more precipitation.
a. Which side receives less precipitation?

 Opposite to windward is the leeward side, the face of the mountain away from winds.
Hence, it receives lesser precipitation.
b. Label the windward slope and leeward slope on the mountain diagram below.
WINDWAD SLOPE LEEWARD SLOPE

Climatographs
9. Define climatograph – A climatographic is a visual representation

of the change or status of temperature and
precipitation. It is usually presented in a line and bar
graph or a combination of two.
a. What does the line graph represent?

o In a climatographic, the monthly average
temperature is presented in a line graph.
b. What does the bar graph represent?

o In a climatographic, the monthly average
precipitation is presented in a line graph.
c. Describe the seasonal changes present in Tofino, British Columbia.

o The temperature there ranges from higher to lower temperature and, the amount of rain varies
too. During the summer season, there is less rain and a high temperature, while in winter, the
temperature is colder and, it rains more.
Deserts
10. Describe conditions that are true of all deserts.

 Water vapor doesn't usually occur in deserts and doesn't have enough humidity. Hence, the majority of the
deserts have the lowest moisture level among other ecosystems.
11. For each of these types of deserts, explain why they are so dry, and give an example.
Desert Cause of Low Precipitation Example Location

Clouds are not usually formed in this desert,
Subtropical so sun exposure is at a high rate. Hence, it Kalahari Desert, Botswana, Africa
minimizes precipitation.
They are usually positioned on large
Rain shadow mountain ranges' on their leeward side. Gobi desert
Hence, less precipitation is received.
In the coastal desert, the current of the ocean
Coastal travels parallel to the coastline hence, Atacama Desert
causing the lowering of precipitation.
This desert is found in places that are
Temperate experiencing seasonal temperature changes Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA.
since it is in the midlatitude.
They are located on or near the pole where
Polar harsh winds are present and carry away McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica
moisture hence, it receives low precipitation.
12. What is a succulent plant?

 These are plants capable of storing more water since they have these thick and deep parts.
Grasslands
13. Describe conditions that are true of all grasslands.

 Grasslands are open area or land that is covered mostly by grass. They are usually in a dry environment but
can receive water through rainfalls.
14. For each of these types of grasslands, describe the climate and give an example.
Grassland Climate Example

This type of grasslands’ season usually Serengeti Plains of Tanzania
Savanna ranges from dry and wet season but it
Tropical Grassland temperature is always warm.
Prairie, temperate grasslands’ Badlands National Park, South

Prairie temperature changes regularly since it is Dakota, USA.
Temperate Grassland located distance away from the equator.
It is usually hot on summer, and cold
during winter.
Since they are located on the polar Spitsbergen, Norway.
Tundra region, it usually experiences freezing or
Polar Grassland below freezing temperature throughout
the year.
15. How are prairie plants specially adapted to recovering from fire, cold, and grazing animals?
 Prairie plants have roots that sink several feet deep. So, if they're caught on fire, cold, and consumed by
animals, they can recover fast and easily.
16. What is permafrost?

 Permafrost is a land area that has permanently frozen soil.
Forests
17. How to the precipitation levels of most forests compare to grasslands and deserts?
 Unlike grasslands and desert, forests are composed of trees usually hardwoods, that are capable of
absorbing and releasing water into the atmosphere. Hence, precipitation is regular in forests.
18. Describe each of these layers found in forests:
a. Emergent layer – These are composed of tall trees that are usually taller than other trees in the forest.
b. Canopy – This is the surface layer of the leaves in a group of trees.
c. Understory – This is located under the canopy that is composed of plants or herbs.
d. Shrub layer – Uses the sunlight that passes through the canopy. These are composed of plants that are
shorter in size.
e. Forest floor – This is where decomposition usually occurs. This is where decomposers live due to the
absence of sunlight.
19. What conditions are found in a tropical rain forest?

 Tropical rainforests are usually warm in terms of temperature. These are the type of forest that receives the
most extensive amount of rainfall among other forests.
a. How are nutrient cycles affected by these conditions?

o Since there is a large amount of water received due to the abundance of rainfall, producers,
and decomposers on tropical rainforests grow quickly. Hence, Nutrient cycles also happen fast.
20. How are temperate rainforests different than tropical ones?

 Temperate rainforests are usually in higher latitudes. They receive a similar amount of precipitation as the
tropical rainforests.
a. Why does the Northern Pacific coast of North America have idea conditions for temperate rainforests?
o Northern Pacific coast of North America receives a regular amount of moisture coming from the
wind currents of the Pacific Ocean. It can also be found on the windward side of a mountain
range, the Olympic mountain range causing it to receive more precipitation.
21. What conditions are found in a deciduous forest?

 It experiences extreme winter and dry season. Wherein during the winter season, it can reach below
freezing temperature, and during the dry season, it can cause the falling of trees leaves.
a. What kinds of leaves are typically found in a deciduous forest?

o Needle leaf is usually found in the deciduous forest.
22. What conditions are found in a boreal forest?

 Boreal forests often experience a long duration of the cold and dry winter season. It has coniferous trees
that are well-adapted to the season there.
a. Why do coniferous trees have needle-shaped leaves?

o Since winter is usually experienced in boreal forests, the waxy coating of the needle-shaped
leaves can help keep that moisture from the winter.
b. Why do coniferous trees have a cone shape?

o Winter and snow usually occur in a forest where coniferous trees are found. Their cone-shaped
allows the collected snow to just simply slide on the ground.
Ecological Succession
23. Define succession – Changes always happen on Earth. Succession is a change that will happen as the
Earth changes.
a. What is a pioneer species?

o When a new ecosystem is developed, pioneer species usually takes place.
b. What is a climax species?

o Climax species are those species dominating a certain ecosystem until disturbances occur.
They usually have long lifespans but grow slowly.
24. Define primary succession – Primary succession is when a new ecosystem exists or is discovered.
a. What factors cause the breakdown of rocks into soil that can support life?
o The breakdown of rocks occurs from a variety of processes. It can be caused by acidic rainfall,
breakdown by mosses and lichens, or through wind and water erosion.
b. Label each of the different types of plants that grow during the stages of primary succession.
BARE ROCK LICHENS SMALL ANNUAL PERENNIAL GRASSES, SHRUBS, SHADE-TOLERANT TREES
PLANTS, LICHENS HERBS, GRASSES SHADE-INTOLERANT
TREES
24. Define secondary succession – Secondary succession occurs when a current ecosystem is disturbed,
making a new ecosystem develop.
a. Why is secondary succession so much faster than primary succession?

o Secondary succession is faster than primary succession since there is already an existing soil
from the destructed ecosystem before. So, there is no need to create new soil.
b. Label each of the different types of plants that grow during the stages of secondary succession.
GRASSES AND GRASSES, SHRUBS, PINES MATURE OAK AND

FIRE ANNUAL PLANTS PERENNIALS YOUNG OAK AND HICKORY HICKORY FOREST

7

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

7

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

7

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1. Define biosphere – The biosphere is the area of the Earth where life exists.

Several ecosystems can also be

a. What is the relationship between altitude and average temperature?

a. Which side receives less precipitation?

WINDWAD SLOPE LEEWARD SLOPE

9. Define climatograph – A climatographic is a visual representation

a. What does the line graph represent?

b. What does the bar graph represent?

c. Describe the seasonal changes present in Tofino, British Columbia.

10. Describe conditions that are true of all deserts.

Desert Cause of Low Precipitation Example Location

12. What is a succulent plant?

13. Describe conditions that are true of all grasslands.

Grassland Climate Example

Prairie, temperate grasslands’ Badlands National Park, South

16. What is permafrost?

18. Describe each of these layers found in forests:

b. Canopy – This is the surface layer of the leaves in a group of trees.

19. What conditions are found in a tropical rain forest?

a. How are nutrient cycles affected by these conditions?

20. How are temperate rainforests different than tropical ones?

21. What conditions are found in a deciduous forest?

a. What kinds of leaves are typically found in a deciduous forest?

22. What conditions are found in a boreal forest?

a. Why do coniferous trees have needle-shaped leaves?

b. Why do coniferous trees have a cone shape?

a. What is a pioneer species?

b. What is a climax species?

a. Why is secondary succession so much faster than primary succession?

GRASSES AND GRASSES, SHRUBS, PINES MATURE OAK AND

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.