12

34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2 ia:dkSh w.h
fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"
² mQ¾K ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh
w.h oek .ekSug"
² mQ¾K ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h oek
.ekSug iy
² ì,shk l,dmh f;la ixLHd lshùug yd wl=ßka ,sùug
yelshdj ,efí'

2'1 ia:dkSh w.h

ixLHd ,sùfï §" wm nyq, j Ndú; lrkafka yskaÿ wrdì ixLHd
l%uh hs' tu l%uh wkqj ixLHd ,sùfï § 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 yd 9 hk
b,lalï oyh Ndú; lrkq ,efí'
ìkaÿfõ isg kjh f;la we;s ixLHdjla ,sùfï §" wm tla b,lalula tla
ia:dkhl ,shhs' WodyrKhla f,i" ;=k hk ixLHdj b,lalï Ndú;
lr ,shkq ,nkafka 3 f,i h' tkï" 3 ,sùug tla ia:dkhla Ndú;
lrkq ,efí' tla ia:dkhla muKla fhdod f.k ,súh yels úYd,;u
ixLHdj 9 fõ'
kjhg jvd tllska úYd, ixLHdj oyh fõ' oyfha isg wkQ kjh
f;la we;s ixLHdjla ,shkafka" b,lalï folla fyda tl u b,lalu
foj;djla fyda ia:dk folla fhdod f.k ,sùfuks'
WodyrKhla f,i" oyh hk ixLHdj" b,lalï Ndú; lr ,shkq
,nkafka 10 f,i h' wkQ kjh hk ixLHdj" b,lalï Ndú; lr ,shkq
,nkafka 99 f,i h' tkï" 10 iy 99 ,sùug ia:dk fol ne.ska Ndú;
lrkq ,efí'
oeka wms 3 yd 5 hk b,lalï fol" ia:dk foll fhdoñka ,shk ixLHd
lsysmhla úuid n,uq'
3 yd 5 hk b,lalï fol 35 f,i ,shQ úg ixLHdj —;sia my˜ fõ'
3 yd 5 hk b,lalï fol 53 f,i ,shQ úg ixLHdj —mkia ;=k˜ fõ'

8
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tkï 3 yd 5 hk tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkh wkqj ,efnk ixLHd
tlsfklg fjkia fõ'

oeka wms ixLHdjl" tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh
w.h;a" tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h;a meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'

² mn¿ ;sia myla f.k oyh ne.ska je,aj,g weuqKQ úg oyfha mn¿
je,a 3la ,efnk w;r" mn¿ 5la b;sß fõ'

oyfha tajd 3 hs' tfla tajd 5 hs'

mn¿ ;sia my" oyfha tAjd ;=klg;a" tfla tAjd mylg;a fjka l< yels h'
tkï"
;sia my = oyfha tAjd 3 + tfla tAjd 5 = 35

by; meyeÈ,s lsÍug wkqj" ;siamfyys tfla tajd 5 ksrEmKh lsÍug" 5
b,lalu ,shk ia:dkfhys ia:dkSh w.h 1 f,i f.k we;' tu ia:dkh
tlia:dkh f,i kï lrkq ,efí'

;sia mfyys" oyfha tajd 3 ksrEmKh lsÍug tlia:dkhg jï miska jQ

ia:dkfhys ia:dkSh w.h 10 f,i f.k" 3 b,lalu tu ia:dkfhys
,shd we;' tu ia:dkh oiia:dkh f,i kï lrkq ,efí'

tla tla ia:dkh y;/ia fldgqjlska i,l=Kq fldg" 35ys tla tla
b,lalfï ia:dkh my; rEmfha olajd we;'

oiia:dkh tlia:dkh

3 5
oiia:dkfha b,lalu tlia:dkfha b,lalu

9
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
35" .Kl rduqjlska ksrEmKh lruq'

10 tAjd 1 tAjd

35 = 10 tAjd 3 + 1 tAjd 5 nj wms bf.k .;af;uq'

tf,i u"
53 = 10 tAjd 5 + 1 tAjd 3 = 50 + 3 o
65 = 10 tAjd 6 + 1 tAjd 5 = 60 + 5 o
99 = 10 tAjd 9 + 1 tAjd 9 = 90 + 9 o fõ'

tkï" ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkh wkqj tu b,lalfuka

ksrEmKh jk w.hla o we;s nj Tng meyeÈ,s fõ'

oeka wms 35ys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h fidhuq'

35ys 3ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 10 tAjd 3 = 30
35ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 1 tAjd 5 = 5

tlia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh l< yels jeä u w.h 9 fõ'

oiia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh l< yels jeä u w.h 90 fõ'

.Kl rduqjl tla l+rla i|yd fhÈh yels jeä u .Kl ixLHdj
9ls'

10
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1
tu b,lalu msysgk tu b,lalfuka
ixLHdj b,lalu
ia:dkfha ku ksrEmKh jk w.h
45 4 oiia:dkh
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 40
''''''''''''
45 5 tlia:dkh
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5
''''''''''''
30 0 tlia:dkh 0
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''

2'1 wNHdih

(1) my; olajd we;s j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

tlia:dkfha oiia:dkfha tlia:dkfha oiia:dkfha

ixLHdj b,lalu b,lalu b,lalfuka b,lalfuka
ksrEmKh jk ksrEmKh jk
w.h w.h
63
76
40
88

2'2 ia:dkSh w.h ;jÿrg;a

ia:dk folla fhdodf.k ,súh yels úYd,;u
ixLHdj 99 fõ' tys oyfha tAjd 9la o tfla tAjd 9la
o we;' 99g jvd 1la úYd, ixLHdj ishh fõ'
10 tAjd 1 tAjd

ishh b,lalfuka ,sùu i|yd tlia:dkh iy oiia:dkh m%udKj;a

fkdfõ' tneúka oiia:dkhg jïmi ia:dkfhys ia:dkSh w.h 100la
f,i f.k tu ia:dkh ishia:dkh f,i i,lkq ,efí'

11
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6

túg" —ishh˜ b,lalï Ndú; lrñka ia:dk ;=kla
fhdodf.k 100 f,i ,shkq ,efí'
100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd

ixLHdj 100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd

100 1 0 0

ia:dk ;=kl" b,lalï fhdoñka ,shk ixLHd ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a úuid

n,uq'

2" 4 iy 5 hk b,lalï ;=k f.k ;eksh yels ixLHd lsysmhla my;

oelafõ' tAjdfha 5 fh§ we;s wdldrh úuis,su;a j n,kak'
245 foish y;,sia my

254 foish mkia y;r
524 mkaish úis y;r

245ys 5 msygs kafka tlia:dkfha fõ' 245ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 1 tAjd 5 = 5
254ys 5 msygs kafka oiia:dkfha fõ' 254ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 10 tAjd 5 = 50
s kafka ishia:dkfha fõ' 524ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 100 tAjd 5 = 500
524ys 5 msyg

fï wkqj" by; ixLHdj, 5 msysá ia:dkh wkqj" 5ka ksrEms; w.h

fjkia jk nj meyeÈ,s h'

ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h

ms<sfj<ska ol=fKa isg jug 1" 10" 100" 1000" 10000 wdÈ jYfhka fõ'

fï wkqj ixLHdjl tl <Õ we;s b,lalï foll jïmi we;s b,lalu

msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h" ol=Kqmi we;s b,lalu msysá
ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h fuka oi .=Khls'

12
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
oeka wms 2" 4" 5" 6 iy 7 hk b,lalï" ia:dk myl fhdoñka ,shk ,o
67524 ixLHdfõ tla tla b,lalu msysá ia:dkh kï lruq'
h
a : dk h h h h
i d k d k d k d k
oy ia: ia: ia: ia:
oi oy ish oi tl

6 7 5 2 4

tlia:dkfha b,lalu
oi oyia:dkfha b,lalu oiia:dkfha b,lalu
oyia:dkfha b,lalu ishia:dkfha b,lalu

67524 .Kl rduqjlska ksrEmKh lruq'

10000 tAjd 1000 tAjd 100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd

67524 = 10000 tAjd 6 + 1000 tAjd 7 + 100 tAjd 5 + 10 tAjd 2 + 1 tAjd 4

oeka wms 67524 ixLHdfjys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEms; w.h fidhuq'
67524ys 4 msysgkafka tlia:dkfha fõ' 4ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 4 fõ'
67524ys 2 msysgkafka oiia:dkfha fõ' 2ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 20 fõ'
67524ys 5 msysgkafka ishia:dkfha fõ' 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 500 fõ'
67524ys 7 msysgkafka oyia:dkfha fõ' 7ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 7000 fõ'
67524ys 6 msysgkafka oi oyia:dkfha fõ' 6ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 60000 fõ'

ksoiqk 1
5968ys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
8ka ksrEms; w.h = 1 tajd 8 = 8
6ka ksrEms; w.h = 10 tajd 6 = 60
9ka ksrEms; w.h = 100 tajd 9 = 900
5ka ksrEms; w.h = 1000 tajd 5 = 5000

13
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2'2 wNHdih
(1) 99601 hk ixLHdfõ"
(i) ol=K; fl<jr isg jï w;g y;rfjkshg fh§ we;s 9ka
ksrEmKh jk w.h lSh o@
(ii) 0 msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h lSh o@
(iii) 0ka ksrEmKh jk w.h lSh o@
(iv) ol=K; fl<jr isg jï w;g miafjkshg fh§ we;s 9ka
ksrEmKh jk w.h lSh o@
(2) my; oelafjk j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
ixLHdj b,lalu tu b,lalu msysgk tu b,lalfuka
ia:dkfha ku ksrEmKh jk w.h
7940 9
8095 9
4568 5
1273 7
34856 5
94512 4
94512 5
19085 1
19085 0
5436 5

(3) 4" 5 iy 8 hk tla tla b,lalu tlajrla muKla fhdod .ksñka ,súh
yels ia:dk ;=fka ixLHd ish,a, ,shkak' tu tla tla ixLHdfõ" 8
msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h iy 8ka ksrEms; w.h ,shkak'
(4) 2" 4" 5 iy 9 hk tla tla b,lalu tlajrla muKla fhdod .ksñka
,súh yels"
(i) ia:dk y;f¾ úYd,;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys tla tla b,lalfuka
ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
(ii) ia:dk y;f¾ l=vd;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys tla tla b,lalfuka
ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'

14
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2'3 ixLHd l,dm

mdi,a lsysmhl 6 isg 11 fY%a‚h olajd bf.kqu ,nk uq¿

isiqka ixLHdj 2836696ls'

by; olajd we;s m%ldYfha isiqka ixLHdj" Tng lshúh yels oe hs

n,kak' fujeks ixLHd lshjk wdldrh;a" wl=ßka ,shk wdldrh;a
my; úia;r lr we;'
2836696 ixLHdj i,luq'
fuu ixLHdj" tlia:dkfha isg jï w;g ms<sfj<ska ia:dk ;=k ne.ska
b,lalï" ldKavj,g fjka lr" my; wdldrhg ,shuq'
2 836 696
by; oelafjk wdldrhg fjka lrk ,o ldKavhla" ixLHd l,dmhla
hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,efí'
fuu fjka lsÍfï §" wjidkhg fjka flfrk tkï" jï w; fl<jfrys
jQ l,dmfha we;s" b,lalï fhfok ia:dk .Kk ;=kg jvd wvq úh
yels h' by; ixLHdfjys tu jï w; fl<jr l,dmfha ;sfnkafka tla
b,lalula mu‚' tkï 2 mu‚'
fuu ixLHdfõ l,dm my; oelafjk wdldrhg kï lruq'

2 836 696 fuu ixLHdj lshjkafka foñ,shk wgish

;sia yh oyia yhish wkQ yh f,i hs'
ñ,shk oyia tall
l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh

oeka wms 967476568 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh úuid n,uq'

m%:ufhka fuu ixLHdj my; wdldrhg ol=K; isg jï w;g l,dmj,g
fjka lruq'

967 476 568 fuu ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka kjish

yeg y;a ñ,shk ydrish ye;a;E yh
ñ,shk oyia tAll oyia mkaish yeg wg f,i hs'
l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh

15
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
7686975623 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh o úuid n,uq'
m%:ufhka th l,dmj,g fjka lruq'

7 686 975 623

ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll

l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh

ñ,shk l,dmhg miqj tk l,dmh ì,shk l,dmh f,i kï lrkq

,efí'
by; ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka y;a ì,shk yhish wiQ yh ñ,shk
kjish ye;a;E mkaoyia yhish úis ;=k f,i hs'

675278285676 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh ,nd .ekSug o my; whqßka

l,dmj,g fjka l< yels h'
675 278 285 676

ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll

l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh

fuu ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka yhish ye;a;E mka ì,shk foish ye;a;E
wg ñ,shk foish wiQ mka oyia yhish ye;a;E yh hkqfjks'
ixLHdjla tlia:dkfha isg jï w;g fufia ia:dk ;=k ne.ska ldKav
lr ,sùu" tu ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,sùu f,i ye¢kafõ'
iïu; wdldrhg ixLHdjla ,sùfï § tla tla l,dmh fjka lr y÷kd
.ekSug l,dm folla w;r l=vd bvla ;nkq ,efí'
ixLHdjla iïu; wdldrhg ,shd .ekSfuka tu ixLHdj myiqfjka
lshjd .; yels jk w;r" tys úYd,;ajh .ek jegySula o ,nd .;
yels h'
igyk # ixLHd ,sùfï § iïu; wdldrh by; oelajQ wdldrhu fõ'
ixLHd ,sùfï § l,dm fjka lsÍug l,dm w;r we;s l=vd bv fjkqjg
fldudjla o fhdod .kakd iuyr wjia:d we;' kuq;a th ixLHd ,shk
iïu; wdldrh fkdfõ'
16
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
idudkH wdldrh iïu; wdldrh
2,854,375 2 854 375
43,529,644 43 529 644
204,007,800 204 007 800
8,430,000,000 8 430 000 000

ixLHd lsysmhla lshjk wdldrh my; j.=fõ oelafõ' tAjd wl=ßka ,shk
wdldrh o thu fõ'

l,dmh ixLHdj lshjk $ wl=ßka ,shk

ixLHdj
ñ,shk oyia tAll wdldrh
yeg ;=ka oyia foish ye;a;E
63 276 63 276
yh
yhish mkia y;r oyia ;=kaish
654 378 654 378
ye;a;E wg

2 000 375 2 000 375 foñ,shk ;=kaish ye;a;E my

43 001 000 43 001 000 y;,sia ;=ka ñ,shk tla oyi

foish y;r ñ,shk y;a oyia

204 007 800 204 007 800
wgishh

ixLHdjla wl=ßka ,shk wdldrh fyda lshjk wdldrh fyda tys ixLHd
kduh f,i ye¢kafõ'
uqo,a .kqfokq iïnkaO ,smsf,aLkj, § fuf,i uqo, wl=ßka ,shd
oelaùu nyq, j isÿ fõ'

wu;r oekqug
ixLHdj ixLHd kduh jHjydrfha mj;sk fjk;a kdu
100 000 ishla oyi ,laIh
1 000 000 ñ,shkh oi ,laIh
10 000 000 oi ñ,shkh fldaáh
100 000 000 ishla ñ,shkh oi fldaáh

17
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ls%hdldrlu 1
(1) my; j.=fõ ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'

ixLHdj ixLHd kduh

63 465 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
71 005 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
125 368 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
300 300 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2 178 525 348 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;=ka ñ,shk wg ish oyia foiSh'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' y;a ì,shk foish mkia ñ,shk úiai'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wg ì,shk wg'

2'3 wNHdih
(1) my; olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrfhka ,shkak'

(i) 72350 (ii) 55000 (iii) 27201125

(iv) 300001279 (v) 299000001 (vi) 21345699

(2) l,dmj,g fjka lr olajd we;s" my; oelafjk ixLHd wl=ßka ,shd
olajkak'

l,dmh ixLHdj
ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll wl=ßka
(i) 10 040 500 000
(ii) 4 750 050 000
(iii) 1 010 100 500
(iv) 75 004 350 050
(3) my; olajd we;s ixLHd fhdod f.k j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
(i) 76735 (ii) 864657 (iii) 2769812 (iv) 47867619
(v) 763156561 (vi) 6746971256 (vii) 276523164515

18
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
l,dmh ixLHdj
ixLHdj ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll wl=ßka

(4) my; olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shd" ixLHd
kduh o ,shd olajkak'
(i) 50800435000 (ii) 43050800500 (iii) 585000430
(iv) 300001283 (v) 299000003 (vi) 272000023
(vii) 100200030000 (viii) 553000000 (ix) 47000005

(5) my; wl=ßka olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shkak'
(i) ydrish mka oyi (ii) ;=kaish úismka oyia mkaishh
(iii) y;r ñ,shk wgish oyi (iv) yh ì,shk yeg ñ,shkh
(v) oywg ñ,shk úis y;r oyia mky

(6) mDÓúh yd iQ¾hhd w;r ÿr

149597870 lsf,daógr 149597870ls' fuu
ixLHdj iïu; wdldrfhka
,shd wl=ßka ,shk wdldrh o
iQ¾hhd
mDÓúh ,shd olajkak'

(7) jHdmdßlhl= remsh,a 15006500 l uqo,la nexl=jl ;ekam;a lsÍug

hhs' Tyq nexl= fmdaruhl tu uqo, wl=ßka ,shd oelaúh hq;af;a
flfia o@
ñY% wNHdih

(1) fuys olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj" ksoiqfka oelafjk wdldrhg
ia:dkSh w.h weiqfrka úysÿjd ,shkak'

19
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk
6745 = 1000 tAjd 6 + 100 tAjd 7 + 10 tAjd 4 + 1 tAjd 5
(i) 24 (ii) 40 (iii) 546 (iv) 7163 (v) 92651
(2) my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
tu b,lalu msysgk tu b,lalfuka
ixLHdj b,lalu
ia:dkfha ku ksrEmKh jk w.h
(i) 80 341 3
(ii) 64 592 9
(iii) 200 450 2
(iv) 185 340 8
(v) 4 500 000 4
(3) 8" 6" 5" 3 iy 1 hk b,lalïj,ska" tla b,lalula tla jrla muKla
fhdod.ksñka ,súh yels ia:dk y;f¾"
(i) úYd,;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys 3ka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
(ii) l=vd;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys 3ka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
(4) my; olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shd" tAjd lshjk
wdldrh o ,shd olajkak'
(i) 450050 (ii) 37504537 (iii) 212345699
(iv) 8432109640 (v) 2003040050 (vi) 143021000
(5) tlsfklg fjkia jQ b,lalï ;=kla Ndú;fhka ,súh yels" wjika
l,dmh ñ,shk l,dmh jk l=vd;u ixLHdj l=ula o@ tu ixLHdj
wl=ßka o ,shd olajkak'
(6) wjika l,dmh ì,shk l,dmh jk úYd,;u ixLHdj l=ula o@ tu
ixLHdj wl=ßka o ,shd olajkak'

idrdxYh
²² ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msyá s ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h
ms<f
s j<ska ol=Kq w; isg jï w;g 1" 10" 100" 1000" 10 000 wdÈ
jYfhka fõ'
²² ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h" tu b,lalu
msysá ia:dkh wkqj ;SrKh fõ'
²² ixLHdjla iïu; wdldrhg ,shd .;a úg" tu ixLHdj lshùu yd
wl=ßka ,shd oelaùu myiq fõ'

20