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Baku, Azerbaijan

Oracle Multitenant 19c - All About Pluggable Databases

Mahir M. Quluzade
Central Bank of Azerbaijan
 Mahir M. Quluzade @marzade

 Oracle ACE

 Board Member of Azerbaijan Oracle User Group (@AzerbaijanOUG)

 Board Member of International Data Guard Oracle User Group (@idgoug)

 Oracle Database Architect at Central Bank of Azerbaijan

 Blogger since 2011 : http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

2 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Azerbaijan Oracle User Group
@AzerbaijanOUG

 Azerbaijan Oracle Users Group

 Founded June 2012

 Organized many international @AzerbaijanOUG

conferences, also local events

3 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Traditional
Oracle Database Architecture

4 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Oracle Database Architecture
Pre-12c Oracle Database

 Oracle Instance
– SGA & PGA
– Background Processes
 Oracle Database
– Control Files
– Data Files
– Redo Logs (Online and Archived)
– Parameter and Password file

5 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Container Databases

SQL> CREATE DATABASE ... ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE

6 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Create as Container Database
CREATE DATABASE cdb1
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/system01.dbf' SIZE
700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 550M
REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SMALLFILE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SMALLFILE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1" DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M
REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
LOGFILE GROUP 1
('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/redo01.log') SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/redo02.log') SIZE
50M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/redo03.log') SIZE
50M
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY "&&sysPassword" USER SYSTEM
IDENTIFIED BY "&&systemPassword"
ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE …;

7 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Oracle Database Architecture
Multitenant Architecture – 19c

 Oracle Multitenant Option

– Root Container (CDB$ROOT)
– Seed PDB (PDB$SEED)
– Application Root
 Application Seed
 Application PDBS
– Pluggable Database (PDBs)

8 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Oracle Database Architecture
Multitenant Architecture – 19c

 CDB with No Application Containers

– Each PDB has its own dedicated
application

– A different PDB administrator manages

each PDB

– At the physical level, this CDB has

a database instance and database
files, just as a non-CDB does

9 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Oracle Database Architecture
Multitenant Architecture – 19c

 CDB with an Application Container

– A CDB administrator manages the CDB itself.

– An application container administrator

manages the application container, including
application installation and upgrades.

– A PDB administrator manages hrpdb.

10 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Container Databases
CDB Root - CDB$ROOT
 System metadata required to
manage PDBs
 Does not store user data
 Only for common users

 Automatically created tablespaces

– SYSTEM, SYSAUX, TEMP, UNDO

 Oracle recommends AL32UTF8 for the root character set

11 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Container Databases
Seed PDB - PDB$SEED
 Template for the creation of PDBs
 Created in all CDB
 Automatically created
– SYSTEM
– SYSAUX
– TEMP
– UNDO

 PDBs with different character sets can reside

in the same CDB without requiring character set conversion

12 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Container Databases
Application Container
 Is an optional user-created
CDB component

– Stores data and metadata for application

– A CDB includes zero or more application containers..
– The application root stores metadata and data that all application PDBs can
share.
– CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement with the AS APPLICATION
CONTAINER clause

13 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Container Databases
Standard PDB
 PDB is a user-created
– set of schemas, objects
– related structures that appears
logically to a client application
as a separate database.
 PDB is
– owned by SYS
regardless of which user created the PDB
SYS is a common user in the CDB.

14 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE ...

15 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Creating a PDB

Creating from Scratch Cloning Relocation Plugging In Referencing as a Proxy PDB

Plugging in a Adopting a
Locally Remotely
Unplugged PDB Non-CDB as a PDB

From a PDB From a Non-CDB

16 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Creating a PDB from Scratch

17 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Creating a PDB from Scratch
 CDB1
$ sqlplus sys@cdb1 sys as sysdba
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata';
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 ADMIN USER pdb1adm IDENTIFIED BY *******;

OR
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 ADMIN USER pdb1adm IDENTIFIED BY *******
2 CREATE_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/oradata';

OR
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE repotestpdb ADMIN USER pdbadm IDENTIFIED BY *******
FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb2/');

OR
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/'
,'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb3/';
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb3 ADMIN USER pdb_adm IDENTIFIED BY Password1 ROLES=(DBA);

You must open the new PDB in read/write mode for Oracle Database to complete the integration of the new PDB into the CDB.
18 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
 Pluggable Databases
Locally Cloning a PDB

19 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Locally Cloning a PDB
 CDB1

$ sqlplus sys@cdb1 sys as sysdba

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1 CLOSE;
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1 OPEN READ ONLY;
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB2 FROM PDB1
2 STORAGE UNLIMITED TEMPFILE REUSE
3 FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb2');

 PDB is in LOCAL UNDO MODE - HOT CLONING

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB3 FROM PDB1

2 STORAGE UNLIMITED TEMPFILE REUSE
3 FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb3');

20 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Remotely Cloning a PDB

21 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Remotely Cloning a PDB
 CDB1
$ sqlplus sys@cdb1 sys as sysdba
SQL> CREATE USER c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE TO c##remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
SQL> SELECT property_name, property_value FROM database_properties WHERE property_name = 'LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE

 CDB2
$ sqlplus sys@cdb2 sys as sysdba
SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK clone_link CONNECT TO c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user USING 'CDB1';
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1CLONE FROM PDB1@clone_link;
SQL> SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs WHERE name = 'PDB1CLONE';

NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB1CLONE MOUNTED

 In local undo mode and archivelog mode, we don't need to turn the remote database into read-only mode
22 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
 Pluggable Databases
Remotely Cloning a PDB - From a Non-CDB

23 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Remotely Cloning a PDB - From a Non-CDB

 DB19C NON-CDB
$ sqlplus sys@db19c sys as sysdba
SQL> CREATE USER c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user;
SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE TO c##remote_clone_user;
SQL> SELECT log_mode FROM v$database;
LOG_MODE
------------
ARCHIVELOG

 CDB1
$ sqlplus sys@cdb1 sys as sysdba
SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK clone_link CONNECT TO c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user USING 'DB19C';
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE DB19CPDB FROM NON$CDB@clone_link;
SQL> SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs WHERE name = 'DB19CPDB';

NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
DB19CPDB MOUNTED

24 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Relocating a PDB

25 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Remotely Cloning a PDB
 CDB1
SQL> CREATE USER c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE TO c##remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;

SQL> SELECT property_name, property_value FROM database_properties

2 WHERE property_name = 'LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED‘

PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE

 CDB2
SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK clone_link CONNECT TO c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user USING 'CDB1';

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1CLONE FROM PDB1@clone_link RELOCATE;

SQL> SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs WHERE name = 'PDB1CLONE';

NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB1CLONE MOUNTED

 In local undo mode and archivelog mode, we don't need to turn the remote database into read-only mode

26 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Plugging In an Unplugged PDB

27 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Plugging In an Unplugged PDB
UNPLUG
SQL> CONNECT SYS@CDB1 AS SYSDBA
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 CLOSE;
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 UNPLUG INTO '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/pdb1.xml';
OR
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 UNPLUG INTO '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/pdb1.pdb';

PLUG-IN
SQL> CONNECT SYS@CDB2 as sysdba
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 USING '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/pdb2/pdb1.xml'
2 FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/pdb2/');
OR
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 USING '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/pdb2/pdb1.pdb'
2 FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/pdb2/');
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 OPEN READ WRITE;

28 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Adopting a Non-CDB as a PDB

29 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Adopting a Non-CDB as a PDB
 DB19C NON-CDB
sqlplus / as sysdba
– SQL> shutdown immediate
– SQL> startup mount exclusive
– SQL> alter database open read only;
– SQL> exec dbms_pdb.describe(pdb_descr_file=>'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db19cnoncdb/noncdb.xml');
– SQL> shutdown immediate
 CDB1
sqlplus / as sysdba
– SQL> create pluggable database db19cpdb as clone using '/ u01/app/oracle/oradata/db19cnoncdb/noncdb.xml'
2 file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db19cnoncdb','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db19cpdb') copy;
– SQL> alter pluggable database db19cpdb open;

sqlplus sys@db19cpdb as sysdba

– SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql

30 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Creating a PDB as a Proxy PDB

31 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Creating a PDB as a Proxy PDB
 CDB1
– SQL> CREATE USER c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
– SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE TO c##remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;

 CDB2
– SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK clone_link CONNECT TO c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user USING 'CDB1';

– SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1PROXY AS PROXY FROM pdb1@clone_link;

– SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1PROXY OPEN;

– SQL> SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs WHERE name = 'PDB1PROXY';

NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB1PROXY READ WRITE

32 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Refreshable PDB

33 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Refreshable PDB
 CDB1
– SQL> CREATE USER c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
– SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE TO c##remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;

– SQL> SELECT property_name, property_value FROM database_properties

2 WHERE property_name = 'LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE

 CDB2
– SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK clone_link CONNECT TO c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user USING 'CDB1';
– SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1RO FROM pdb1@clone_link REFRESH MODE MANUAL;;
– SQL> SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs WHERE name = 'PDB1RO';

NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB1RO READ ONLY

– SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1RO REFRESH MODE EVERY 60 MINUTES;

– SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1RO REFRESH MODE EVERY 120 MINUTES;

34 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Refreshable PDB Switchover

35 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Refreshable PDB Switchover
 CDB1
– SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK clone_link CONNECT TO c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user USING 'CDB2';

– SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = PDB1;

– SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE REFRESH MODE MANUAL

2 FROM PDB1RO@clone_link
3 SWITCHOVER;

 CDB2
– SQL> CREATE DATABASE LINK clone_link CONNECT TO c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user USING 'CDB1';

– SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = PDB1RO;

– SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE REFRESH MODE MANUAL

2 FROM PDB1@clone_link
3 SWITCHOVER;

36 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Creating Application Containers

37 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Creating Application Containers

 CDB1
$ sqlplus sys@cdb1 sys as sysdba
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata';
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE appcon1 AS APPLICATION CONTAINER ADMIN USER adm IDENTIFIED BY *****;
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE appcon1 OPEN;

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = appcon1;

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE apppdb1 ADMIN USER adm IDENTIFIED BY *****
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE apppdb1 OPEN;

38 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Creating Application Containers

 CDB1
$ sqlplus sys@cdb1 sys as sysdba

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata';

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE appcon1 AS APPLICATION CONTAINER ADMIN USER adm IDENTIFIED BY *****;
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE appcon1 OPEN;

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = appcon1;

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE apppdb1 ADMIN USER adm IDENTIFIED BY *****
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE apppdb1 OPEN;

39 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Installing Applications
 CDB1
$ sqlplus sys@cdb1 sys as sysdba
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = appcon1;
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE APPLICATION app1 BEGIN INSTALL '1.0';

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE …

SQL> CREATE USER …
SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE TO …
SQL> CREATE TABLE …
SQL> INSERT INTO …
…
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE APPLICATION app1 END INSTALL;

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = apppdb1;

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE APPLICATION app1 SYNC;

40 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Snapshot Carousel PDB

41 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Snapshot Carousel PDB
 Library of PDB snapshots
– PDB snapshot is a point-in-time copy of a PDB
– Maximum number of snapshots MAX_PDB_SNAPSHOTS = 8 (default)
 NONE : The PDB does not support snapshots.
 MANUAL : The PDB supports snapshots, but they are only created manually requested.
 EVERY n HOURS : A snapshot is automatically created every "n" hours. Where "n" is between 1 and 1999.
 EVERY n MINUTES : A snapshot is automatically created every "n" minutes. Where "n" is between 1 and 2999.

SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB2 ADMIN USER PDBADMIN IDENTIFIED BY ***********
FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('pdbseed','pdb2')
SNAPSHOT MODE EVERY 24 HOURS;
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB2 OPEN;
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB2 SAVE STATE;

42 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Snapshot Carousel PDB
SQL> SELECT con_id, con_name,snapshot_name,
snapshot_scn, full_snapshot_path
2 FROM cdb_pdb_snapshots
3 ORDER BY con_id, snapshot_scn;

CON_ID CON_NAME SNAPSHOT_NAME SNAPSHOT_SCN FULL_SNAPSHOT_PATH

---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------------------------------
4 PDB2 SNAP_688979926_996491289 1764864 /u02/oradata/snap_688979926_1764864.pdb

 Recovering From a PDB Snapshot

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB2COPY FROM pdb2 USING SNAPSHOT SNAP_688979926_996491631;
OR
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB2COPY FROM pdb2 USING SNAPSHOT SNAP_688979926_996491631
SNAPSHOT MODE EVERY 24 HOURS;

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DROP SNAPSHOT SNAP_688979926_996491289;

43 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Container Database (CDB) Fleet Management

44 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Container Database (CDB) Fleet Management – Lead CDB

 CDB1 - LEAD

SQL> CONN sys/SysPassword1@cdb1 AS SYSDBA

SQL> ALTER DATABASE SET lead_cdb = TRUE;

SQL> SELECT property_name, property_value FROM database_properties

WHERE property_name = 'LEAD_CDB';
PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
LEAD_CDB TRUE

SQL> CREATE USER c##cdb_fleet_link_user IDENTIFIED BY cdb_fleet_link_user;

SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION TO c##cdb_fleet_link_user;

45 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Container Database (CDB) Fleet Management – Members CDB
 CDB2 - MEMBER  CDB3 - MEMBER

SQL> CONN sys/SysPassword1@cdb2 AS SYSDBA SQL> CONN sys/SysPassword1@cdb2 AS SYSDBA

SQL> CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK lead_cdb_link SQL> CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK lead_cdb_link
CONNECT TO c##cdb_fleet_link_user IDENTIFIED BY CONNECT TO c##cdb_fleet_link_user IDENTIFIED BY
cdb_fleet_link_user USING 'cdb1'; cdb_fleet_link_user USING 'cdb1';

SQL> ALTER DATABASE SET lead_cdb_uri = SQL> ALTER DATABASE SET lead_cdb_uri =
'dblink:LEAD_CDB_LINK'; 'dblink:LEAD_CDB_LINK';

SQL> SELECT property_value FROM database_properties SQL> SELECT property_value FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name = 'LEAD_CDB_URI'; WHERE property_name = 'LEAD_CDB_URI';

PROPERTY_VALUE PROPERTY_VALUE
-------------------------- --------------------------
dblink:LEAD_CDB_LINK dblink:LEAD_CDB_LINK

46 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Container Database (CDB) Fleet Management – LEAD CDB
 LEAD CDB1

SQL> CONN sys/SysPassword1@cdb1 AS SYSDBA

SQL> SELECT con_id,
2 name,
3 open_mode,
4 proxy_pdb
5 FROM v$pdbs
6 ORDER BY name;

CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE PROXY_PDB

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO
5 PDB4 MOUNTED YES
7 PDB5 MOUNTED YES

47 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Removing a PDB

48 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Pluggable Databases
Removing a PDB

 SQL> CONNECT sys@CDB1 AS SYSDBA

 SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 CLOSE;
 SQL> DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1 INCLUDING DATAFILES;
OR
 SQL> DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1 KEEP DATAFILES;

 If a PDB was created with the SNAPSHOT COPY clause, then you must specify INCLUDING DATAFILES when you drop
the PDB

49 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Administering a
Multitenant Environment

50 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Administering a Multitenant Environment
Using DBCA

 DBCA supporting manage container database

– Manage Pluggable Database
 Create a Pluggable Database
 Delete a Pluggable Database
 Unplug a Pluggable Database
 Configure a Pluggable Database

– It also enables you to create, relocate, clone, plug in, and unplug PDBs
 Silent mode

51 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Administering a Multitenant Environment
Users in CDB
 Common User : The user is present in all containers (root and all PDBs).

SQL> CONNECT SYS@CDB1 AS SYSDBA

– Create the common user using the CONTAINER clause.

SQL> CREATE USER c##test_user1 IDENTIFIED BY password1 CONTAINER=ALL;

SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION TO c##test_user1 CONTAINER=ALL;

– Create the common user using the default CONTAINER setting.

SQL> CREATE USER c##test_user2 IDENTIFIED BY password1;

SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION TO c##test_user2;

52 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Administering a Multitenant Environment
Users in PDB
 Local User : The user is only present in a specific PDB
– The same username can be present in multiple PDBs, but they are unrelated

SQL> CONNECT SYS@CDB1 AS SYSDBA

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

– Create the local user using the CONTAINER clause.

SQL> CREATE USER test_user3 IDENTIFIED BY password1 CONTAINER=CURRENT;

SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION TO test_user3 CONTAINER=CURRENT;

– Create the local user using the default CONTAINER setting

SQL> CONNECT system/password@pdb1

SQL> CREATE USER test_user4 IDENTIFIED BY password1;
SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION TO test_user4;
53 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
 Administering a Multitenant Environment
Roles in CDB
 Common Role : The role is present in all containers (root and all PDBs)
SQL> CONN / AS SYSDBA

– Create the common role

SQL> CREATE ROLE c##test_role1;
SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION TO c##test_role1;

– Grant it to a common user.

GRANT c##test_role1 TO c##test_user1 CONTAINER=ALL;

– Grant it to a local user.

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;
SQL> GRANT c##test_role1 TO test_user3;

54 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Administering a Multitenant Environment
Roles in PDB
 Local Role : The role is only present in a specific PDB.
– The same role name can be used in multiple PDBs, but they are unrelated.
SQL> CONN / AS SYSDBA
– Switch container.
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;
– Alternatively, connect to a local or common user with the PDB service
SQL> CONN system/password@pdb1
– Create the common role
SQL> CREATE ROLE test_role1;
SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION TO test_role1;
– Grant it to a common and local user
SQL> GRANT test_role1 TO c##test_user1;
SQL> GRANT test_role1 TO test_user3;

55 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Administering a Multitenant Environment
Connecting to CDB

 Using SID  Using TNSNAMES and EZCONNECT

56 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Administering a Multitenant Environment
Connecting to PDB

 Using TNSNAMES and EZCONNECT  Using ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER

 Can’t use SID for connecting to PDB

57 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Using Oracle Features in a
Multitenant Environment

58 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Using Oracle Features in a Multitenant Environment
Recovery Manager - RMAN

 Backup CDB  Point In Time Recovery

RMAN> CONNECT TARGET SYS@CDB1 RMAN> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb5 CLOSE;
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; RMAN>run
{

 Backup Pluggable Database SET UNTIL SCN 1066;

RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb5;
RMAN> CONNECT TARGET SYS@CDB1 RECOVER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb5;
RMAN> BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1; }
RMAN> BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2, pdb3;
RMAN> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb5
OPEN RESETLOGS;

59 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Using Oracle Features in a Multitenant Environment
Data Guard Configurations

 Data Guard Configuring on CDB

– Control Files
– Redo Logs
– Standby Redo Logs
– Archive Log Mode
– Flashback Logs

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE …

STANDBYS= NONE | ALL [EXCEPT ('pdb_name', 'pdb_name', ...)]}

60 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Using Oracle Features in a Multitenant Environment
Sharding

 Horizontal Partitioned Database

– Pluggable databases
 As Shards
 Shard catalogs

61 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Oracle Multitenant 20c

62 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Oracle Multitenant
Oracle Database 20c

 Non-CDB Architecture Deprecated/Desupported

– From Oracle database 12c version 12.1.0.2,
the non-CDB architecture is DEPRECATED

 In Oracle Database 20c the non-CDB architecture

will be DESUPPORTED
– “For all offerings, if you are not licensed for Oracle Multitenant, then you may
have up to 3 PDBs in a given container database at any time.”

63 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Q&A
64 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
 THANK YOU
#UKOUG
#TECHFEST2019
#PASSTHEKNOWLEDGE

65 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Mahir M. Quluzade
@marzade
mahir.quluzade@gmail.com
http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

66 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com

 Baku, Azerbaijan

67 Mahir M. Quluzade http://www.mahir-quluzade.com