8051 Microcontroller based RFID Car Parking

System
Shubham Aniket, Rahul Mahesh Awari, Samriddh Singh, Swapnil Shekhar
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu
Vellore 632014

Abstract - The importance of automation is increasing day In this project “RFID based Car Parking System” we have
by day. In this paper we propose a car parking system which proposed an automatic car parking system. As in the modern
uses RFID sensors to check if the person is in the database world everything is going automatic we have created a
or not. If the person is in the database, then his/her car will system which will scan the user’s set password and then
be allowed to enter the car parking and then the motors will allow the person to enter the car parking space. When the
rotate clockwise which will mean the opening of the car person enters his/her password then the microcontroller will
parking gate, after some time the door will rotate search whether the password is available in its database or
anticlockwise which will mean the closing of the car not, if the password matches with the password the user
parking gate. entered then the motor will rotate clockwise for some time
indicating opening of parking gate and then close after some
Index Terms - 8051 Microcontroller, RFID, Motors, Car time indicating closing of the parking gate. The LCD is
Parking connected to the microcontroller which will display all
events happening like opening of door, closing of door,
INTRODUCTION password match confirmation string, password mismatch
string.
Automated car parking is a method of automatically parking
and retrieving cars that typically uses a very rigid method. HARDWARE DETAILS
The intention is to compact more cars in the same space,
reduce the space needed to park the same number of cars. 8051 Microcontroller
The issue of car parking has problems like with how to
control the number of the car inside it, how to monitor the
movement in/out side of the parking lot, how to check
whether there is a place inside for more cars or not, safety to
park & overcrowding of cars in the parking space. We aim
to solve these problems by designing a system to control the
parking area using a microcontroller. An Automatic RFID
based car parking system is a smart parking system which
will play an important role to reduce traffic in the city. Cars
parked callously on the streets limit the space. So with a
smart parking system this problem can be solved. Moreover,
this kind of system will reduce the manual work and save
time.

PROPOSED SYSTEM
Fig. 2. Pin Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller

8051 microcontrollers are designed by Intel in 1981. It is an

8-bit microcontroller. It is built with 40 pins DIP (dual
inline package), 4kb of ROM storage and 128 bytes of
RAM storage, 2 16-bit timers. It consists of are four parallel
8-bit ports, which are programmable as well as addressable
as per the requirement. An on-chip crystal oscillator is
integrated in the microcontroller having crystal frequency of
12 MHz.

Fig. 1 Block Diagram of Proposed System

8051 microcontrollers have 4 I/O ports each of 8-bit, which operating voltage less than 36V and operating current less
can be configured as input or output. Hence, total 32 than 600mA, which are to be controlled by digital circuits
input/output pins allow the microcontroller to be connected like Op-Amp, 555 timers, digital gates or even Micron
with the peripheral devices. rollers like Arduino, PIC, ARM etc.

Virtual Terminal All the Ground pins should be grounded. There are two
power pins for this IC, one is the Vss(Vcc1) which provides
the voltage for the IC to work, this must be connected to
+5V. The other is Vs(Vcc2) which provides voltage for the
motors to run, based on the specification of your motor you
can connect this pin to anywhere between 4.5V to 36V, here
I have connected to +12V.

The Enable pins (Enable 1,2 and Enable 3,4) are used to
Fig. 3. Virtual Terminal Component in Proteus Enable Input pins for Motor 1 and Motor 2 respectively.

Virtual Terminal is a very useful tool available in the LCD Display

Proteus. With the help of Virtual Terminal one can easily
simulate the serial communication that he / she use in his /
her embedded systems. It is important to note here that
almost every microcontroller that is used in the embedded
system has integrated UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter) on it which is used to perform serial
communication between other hardware used in embedded
system that also supports Universal Asynchronous receiving
and transmission. So while writing the code for serial
transmission and designing the circuit it is required that the Fig. 5. 16x2 LCD component in Proteus
code and design should be tested for serial communication,
so that any problem in the code or communication can be 16×2 LCD module is a very common type of LCD module
resolved before implementing the circuit physically. It that is used in 8051 based embedded projects. It consists of
should have come in the reader’s mind that how we can see 16 rows and 2 columns of 5×7 or 5×8 LCD dot matrices. It
the data transmitted to or from the microcontroller serial is available in a 16 pin package with back light, contrast
port in the software. Thus the Virtual Terminal plays the adjustment function and each dot matrix has 5×8 dot
role while simulating the embedded systems that resolution.
compliance the serial communication through the Universal VEE pin is meant for adjusting the contrast of the LCD
Asynchronous Receiver or Transmitter. The Virtual display and the contrast can be adjusted by varying the
Terminal in the Proteus is bi-directional which means that it voltage at this pin. This is done by connecting one end of a
can send and receive data simultaneously. POT to the Vcc (5V), other end to the Ground and
connecting the center terminal (wiper) of the POT to the
L293D Motor Driver VEE pin. R/W pin is meant for selecting between read and
write modes. High level at this pin enables read mode and
low level at this pin enables write mode. E pin is for
enabling the module. A high to low transition at this pin will
enable the module. DB0 to DB7 are the data pins. The data
to be displayed and the command instructions are placed on
these pins. LED+ is the anode of the back light LED and
this pin must be connected to Vcc through a suitable series
current limiting resistor. LED- is the cathode of the back
light LED and this pin must be connected to ground.
Fig. 4. L293D Motor Driver Component in Proteus

The L293D is a popular 16-Pin Motor Driver IC. As the

name suggests it is mainly used to drive motors. A single
L293D IC is capable of running two DC motors at the same
time; also the direction of these two motors can be
controlled independently. So if you have motors which has
DC Motor simultaneously the LCD displays the strings like “closing
door”, “opening door” etc. while the whole operating takes
place. If the password doesn’t match with the one entered by
the user and in the database, then the motor doesn’t rotate
and a string is displayed “No slot for you”.

CODE EXPLANATION
The code contains the following part: -
 Input function & variable declarations
Fig. 6. DC Motor component in Proteus  Main function initialization
Proteus  Function descriptions
The maximum current that can be sourced or sunk from an In the first part we declare all the variables and function so
8051 microcontroller is 15 mA at 5v. But a DC Motor need that we can use them later in the program. The motor
currents very much more than that and it need voltages 6v, connection is defined in the output’s pins of the 8051
12v, 24v etc., depending upon the type of motor used. microcontroller using “sbit” which is a function used to
Another problem is that the back emf produced by the motor access bit addressable SFRs. The LCD functions are
may affect the proper functioning of the microcontroller. declared which includes functions for sending commands to
Due to these reasons we can’t connect a DC Motor directly LCD, sending strings to LCD, LCD initialization etc. A
to a microcontroller & hence we use a motor driver as a delay function is defined which includes the code for
medium. generating delay. In the second part of the code we define
the main function which contains the function “check()”
PROJECT FLOWCHART which is responsible for checking if the user entered
password matches with the one present in the database. The
third part of the code defines all the functions declared in
the first part of the code.

FUTURE MODIFICATION
The same project can be modified to hold a counter which
counts the value of cars entering and exiting the car parking
space. Whenever a car enters the parking space the entry
sensor is triggered and the initial count which is the total
number of car parking slots left is decremented, and
whenever a car exits the parking space, the exit sensor is
triggered and the count is incremented indicating the
availability of the slot.

CONCLUSION
The system can be used at all places starting from domestic
to the industrial sectors. The simplicity in the usage of
circuit helps it to be used by a large number of people,
because people with less knowledge of hardware can also
use it without facing any problem. This circuit can be
further modified to contain a counter which tells a person
Fig. 6. Code Flowchart coming from outside whether parking space is available or
not. The LCD will display all the content which can be
When the project file is executed we see a virtual terminal easily seen by a user making this hardware very easy to be
popping out, while in the LCD we see the welcome text. used by general public.
After some delay the LCD displays the text to enter the
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
password, after the password is entered in the virtual
terminal, the 8051 microcontroller checks whether that We would like to extend our gratitude to our faculty Dr.
password is stored in the database or not. If the password Debashish Dash for facilitating the course and project work
matches with the password entered by the user, the motors, which enabled us to embark on the fulfilling and rewarding
which are connected with the output pins of the 8051 journey. We are also grateful to our peers who helped us out
microcontroller, rotates clockwise. After some delay the with technical queries and other doubts. Finally, we would
motor rotates anticlockwise indicating closing of gate, like to thank the VIT management for the necessary support
bestowed on us in every form, without which none of this
would have been possible.

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