VEHICLE: Citroen C3 1.

4 HDi, 2011, Diesel

VEHICLE AND ENGINE DATA:

Informations are retrieved from Citroen official website [http://www.citroen.com] and www.cars-
data.com [http://www.cars-data.com/en/citroen-c3-1.4-hdi-70-tendance-specs/9654].

General Specifications:
Car body: Hatchback
Doors number: 5
Transmission: 5 s., manual
Number of car seats: 5
Release date: 2011
End date: 2012

Drive:
Wheel drive: Front
Drive system: Fuel engine
Fuel: Diesel
Total max power: 50 Kw (70 Hp)
Total max torque: 160 Nm
Fuel Engine:
Cylinders: 4, Inline
Valves per cylinder: 2
Capacity: 1398 cc
Bore x stroke: 73,7 x 82,0 mm
Compression ratio: 17,9 :1
Max power: 50 kW (70 hp)
Max power RPM: 4500 rpm
Max torque: 160 Nm
Max torque RPM: 2000 tpm
Fuel system: Common rail
Engine type: Ohc
Turbo: Yes, with intercooler
Catalyst: Particle filter
Fuel tank: 50 l

Performance:
Top speed: 163 km/h
Acceleration 0-100 km/h: 15,6 s
Urban consumption: 4,9 l/100km
Urban consumption kms: 1 op 20,4
Extra-urban consumption: 3,5 l/100km
Extra-urban consumption kms: 1 op 28,6
Average consumption: 4,0 l/100km
Average consumption kms: 1 op 25,0
CO2 Emission: 99 g/km
Energy level: D

Transmission / Gear ratio:

1th gear ratio: 3,42:1
2th gear ratio: 1,81:1
3th gear ratio: 1,17:1
4th gear ratio: 0,85:1
5th gear ratio: 0,68:1
Reverse gear ratio: 3,76:1
Final drive: 3,94:1
RPM at 120 km/h (theoretical): 2.750 rpm

Weights:
Empty mass: 1064 kg
Max. loading capacity: 442 kg
Max. permissible mass: 1506 kg
Max. trailer mass braked:950 kg
Max. trailer mass unbraked:570 kg
Dimensions:

Engine Torque Diagram:

 Engine Speed Torque Power
[rpm] [Nm] [kW]
1000 100 16
1250 133,5 20
1500 148,8 23
1750 150 26,5
1875 149,85 28
2000 149,7 30
2250 149,2 33,5
2500 148,8 37,5
2750 145,3 41
3000 142,9 43
3250 139,4 46,5
3500 133,5 48
3750 127,65 49
4000 120,6 50
4250 110 48
4500 98,5 45

CALCULATIONS:

Weight:
mmin : 1064 kg.
mmax : 1506 kg.
maverage with two passengers: 1230 kg.

Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient: Cw : 0.307

Density of Air: ρa : 1.225 kg/m3

Gravitational Constant: g: 9.80665 m/s2

Tire Rolling Resistance Coefficient: fr : 0.018 (average tarmac)

Projection Area: Atotal : 1728 * (1524 1538) mm2

AProjection Area ≈ 2.2 m2

dV
Force Balance: Σ F = Σ Fr - Σ Ft = ma *
dt

Grade: Level road, θ = 0

1 2
Resistance Force: Σ Fr = ( * ρa * Cw * A * V ) + (fr * m * g) + (m * g * sinθ)
2
1
Σ Fr = ( * 1.225 * 0.307 * 2.2 * V2) + (0.018 * 1230 * 9.80665) + (1230 * 9.80665 * sin0)
2
 V
ρa [kg/m^3] Cw A [m^2] [km/h] V [m/s] fr m [kg] g [m/s^2] Fr [N]
1,225 0,307 2,2 10 2,777778 0,018 1230 9,80665 220,31
1,225 0,307 2,2 20 5,555556 0,018 1230 9,80665 229,89
1,225 0,307 2,2 30 8,333333 0,018 1230 9,80665 245,85
1,225 0,307 2,2 40 11,11111 0,018 1230 9,80665 268,19
1,225 0,307 2,2 50 13,88889 0,018 1230 9,80665 296,92
1,225 0,307 2,2 60 16,66667 0,018 1230 9,80665 332,03
1,225 0,307 2,2 70 19,44444 0,018 1230 9,80665 373,53
1,225 0,307 2,2 80 22,22222 0,018 1230 9,80665 421,41
1,225 0,307 2,2 90 25 0,018 1230 9,80665 475,67
1,225 0,307 2,2 100 27,77778 0,018 1230 9,80665 536,32
1,225 0,307 2,2 110 30,55556 0,018 1230 9,80665 603,35
1,225 0,307 2,2 120 33,33333 0,018 1230 9,80665 676,77
1,225 0,307 2,2 130 36,11111 0,018 1230 9,80665 756,57
1,225 0,307 2,2 140 38,88889 0,018 1230 9,80665 842,75
1,225 0,307 2,2 150 41,66667 0,018 1230 9,80665 935,32
1,225 0,307 2,2 160 44,44444 0,018 1230 9,80665 1034,3

Tire: 185 / 65 R 15
15 in = 15 * 2.54 = 38.1 cm = 381 mm
(x / 185) * 100 = 65 → x = 120.25 mm
r = (381 / 2) + 120.25 = 310.75 mm
rdyn = 302 mm

Mr
Torque: Mr = Fr * rdyn , Me = [Assume that ηt = 0.95]
id∗ig∗ηt

M e∗i
Tractive Force: Ft =
r

Engine Speed: Lw = 2 * π * rdyn → Lw = 2 * π * 0.302 = 1.8975 mm

nw = V / Lw → nw = V / 1.8975
ne = id * ig * nw → ne = (id * 3.94 * V) / 1.8975
Torque Engine Speed 5th Ratio 4th Ratio 3rd Ratio 2nd Ratio 1st Ratio
[Nm] [km/h] Speed [km/h] Speed [km/h] Speed [km/h] Speed [km/h] Speed [km/h]
100 113,851584 44,7311782 35,78494256 25,9976078 16,80508 8,8939185
133,5 142,31448 55,91397275 44,7311782 32,4970098 21,00635 11,117398
148,8 170,777376 67,0967673 53,67741384 38,9964118 25,20763 13,340878
150 199,240272 78,27956185 62,62364948 45,4958137 29,4089 15,564357
149,85 213,47172 83,87095912 67,0967673 48,7455147 31,50953 16,676097
149,7 227,703168 89,4623564 71,56988512 51,9952157 33,61017 17,787837
149,2 256,166064 100,6451509 80,51612076 58,4946176 37,81144 20,011317
148,8 284,62896 111,8279455 89,4623564 64,9940196 42,01271 22,234796
145,3 313,091856 123,01074 98,40859204 71,4934216 46,21398 24,458276
142,9 341,554752 134,1935346 107,3548277 77,9928235 50,41525 26,681755
139,4 370,017648 145,3763291 116,3010633 84,4922255 54,61652 28,905235
133,5 398,480544 156,5591237 125,247299 90,9916274 58,81779 31,128715
127,65 426,94344 167,7419182 134,1935346 97,4910294 63,01906 33,352194
120,6 455,406336 178,9247128 143,1397702 103,990431 67,22033 35,575674
110 483,869232 190,1075073 152,0860059 110,489833 71,4216 37,799154
98,5 512,332128 201,2903019 161,0322415 116,989235 75,62288 40,022633

Ft (1st Ratio) Ft (2nd Ratio) Ft (3rd Ratio) Ft (4th Ratio) Ft (5th Ratio)
[N] [N] [N] [N] [N]

4336,218825 2294,899437 1483,443282 1077,715205 862,1721641

5788,852132 3063,690748 1980,396782 1438,749799 1150,999839
6452,293612 3414,810362 2207,363604 1603,640225 1282,91218
6504,328238 3442,349155 2225,164924 1616,572808 1293,258246
6497,82391 3438,906806 2222,939759 1614,956235 1291,964988
6491,319582 3435,464457 2220,714594 1613,339662 1290,67173
6469,638488 3423,98996 2213,297377 1607,951086 1286,360869
6452,293612 3414,810362 2207,363604 1603,640225 1282,91218
6300,525953 3334,488882 2155,443089 1565,920193 1252,736154
6196,456702 3279,411295 2119,840451 1540,055028 1232,044023
6044,689043 3199,089815 2067,919936 1502,334996 1201,867997
5788,852132 3063,690748 1980,396782 1438,749799 1150,999839
5535,183331 2929,439131 1893,61535 1375,703459 1100,562767
5229,479903 2767,648721 1789,032599 1299,724537 1039,77963
4769,840708 2524,389381 1631,787611 1185,486726 948,3893805
4271,175543 2260,475945 1461,191633 1061,549477 849,2395817
 DIAGRAMS:
1) Traction force versus vehicle speed (km/h) diagram:

7000

6000

5000

4000
Traction Force [N]

1st Ratio
2nd Ratio
3rd Ratio
3000 4th Ratio
5th Ratio
Fr

2000

1000

0
0 50 100 150 200 250

Engine Speed [km/h]

2) Traction force versus engine speed (rpm) diagram:

7000

6000

5000

4000
Traction Force [N]

1st Ratio
2nd Ratio
3rd Ratio
3000
4th Ratio
5th Ratio

2000

1000

0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Engine Speed [rpm]