New VAPP Procedures

Presented by:
VITU-BARBIER Nicolas
Flight Operations Support Engineer
New VAPP Calculation process

A320/A330/A340 aircraft
Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò VAPP determination – No failure
Ò VAPP determination – With failure
Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process
Ò Conclusion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 2

Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò Conclusion

VAPP definition
• VAPP is the safest approach and landing speed taking into

account:
Aircraft gross weight
Wind conditions
Slaps/Flats configuration
Aircraft status (with or without failure)

Icing conditions
Use of autothrust/autoland

Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò Conclusion

VAPP determination – No failure
• VAPP = VLS (Conf FULL or 3) + Delta
VLS = Lowest selectable speed

– VLS = 1.23 x Vs1g (stall speed under 1g)
– VLS depends on:
• Aircraft weight
• Slats/Flaps configuration
– VLS Conf FULL = VREF
Delta taken as a margin (max of):

• 5 knots for the use of the autothrust
• 1/3 of steady headwind = Wind Correction (limited to 15 knots)
• 5 knots for severe icing conditions (A330 example)

• Two landing configurations certified:

Conf FULL
Conf 3
• Example:
– A330 180 tons
– Conf 3 landing
– A/THR ON
– No Wind
VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots
VLS Conf 3

• Two landing configuration certified:

Conf FULL
Conf 3
• Example:
– A330 180 tons
– Conf 3 landing
– A/THR ON
– No Wind
VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots

VLS Conf 3 A/THR use
FMS and QRH method consistent

Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò Conclusion

VAPP determination – With failure
VAPP = VREF (VLS Conf FULL) + ΔVREF + Wind Correction
VREF = VLS of Conf FULL
VLS increase due to actual Slats/Flaps configuration
+
ΔVREF = Speed increase for handling qualities
(ΔVLS shown on LR ECAM STATUS)
Wind correction (0 in our example)

VLS of ldg Conf
VREF

A330 engine 1 failure (1/3)

After ECAM action completed the following STATUS is shown


– Wind = 0 knots
– Weight = 180 tons
ΔVREF
• VAPP = 135 + 5 = 140 knots

VREF

Summary: A330 at 180 tons in Conf 3 without wind:
VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots VAPP = 135 + 5 = 140 knots

VLS Conf 3 A/THR VREF ΔVREF
use
Autothrust use not taken into account in the

failure case calculation
VAPP Conf 3 with one engine inoperative

lower than VAPP Conf 3 with no failure.

Use of the QRH table when “NORM” is indicated (1/3)
• EX: Anti skid inoperative

on A321 at 80 tons
No ΔVREF
“Norm” Indicated

Use of the QRH table when “NORM”
is indicated (2/3)
• Calcul of the VAPP
(Ldg Conf 3, A/THR ON, no wind)
VAPP = Max between

– 150 + 5 = 155
VAPP = 155 kt
– 150 + 1/3*0 = 150
Flight
crew may interpret the note as
a ΔVREF
VAPP = 144 + 6 + 1/3*0 = 150 kt

Use of the QRH table when “NORM” is indicated (3/3)
• Summary
A321,80 tons: VLS Conf 3 = 150 knots
VAPP using “Normal configuration (with no ΔVREF)” table:
– VAPP = 155 kt
VAPP “Abnormal/emergency configuration (with ΔVREF)” :
– VAPP = 150 kt
Two methods may be used

to determine the VAPP

with not the same result

Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò Conclusion

Enhanced VAPP calculation process
• One single method whatever the type of failure

No room for doubts on the method to be used
– Normal VAPP calculation removed from QRH Part 2
• VAPP with failure higher or equal to VAPP with no failure

Autothrust use taken into account
Clear and unambiguous

method

A330 Current QRH 2.40

A330 Enhanced QRH 2.40





A330 Engine 1 failure
Weight = 180 tons, autothrust used, and no wind
• VREF = 135 kt • ΔVREF = 5 kt
APPR CORR = 5 kt
VAPP = 135 + 5 + 5 = 145 knots

A330 Engine 1 failure
Weight = 180 tons, autothrust used, and no wind
• VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots • VAPP = 135 + 5 + 5 = 145 knots

VLS Conf 3 A/THR VREF ΔVREF A/THR
use use
Autothrust effect now taken into account

VAPP with failure higher or equal to VAPP without

failure

QRH additional modifications
• VAPP detemination without failure moved in QRH part 4

Use of the QRH table when “NORM” is indicated
LDG CONF / APPR SPD / LDG DIST FOLLOWING FAILURE tables modified
Easier to use

Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò Conclusion

Conclusion
• One single method for VAPP computation, whatever the

type of failure
VAPP determination method without failure is moved from
QRH Part 2 to QRH Part 4
• With the enhanced VAPP calculation method (with failure)
Autothrust
use can be taken into account
VAPP with failure is higher or equal to VAPP without failure
• “NORM” indication replaced by two cases (Conf 3 and

FULL) in the QRH LDG CONF / APPR SPD / LDG DIST
FOLLOWING FAILURE table.
• Enhancements should be available with the next QRH

General Revisions planned for dispatch in January 2008

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Presented by:

New VAPP Calculation process

Ò VAPP determination – No failure

Ò VAPP determination – With failure

Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 2

Ò VAPP determination – No failure

Ò VAPP determination – With failure

Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 3

• VAPP is the safest approach and landing speed taking into

Aircraft status (with or without failure)

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 4

Ò VAPP determination – No failure

Ò VAPP determination – With failure

Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 5

• VAPP = VLS (Conf FULL or 3) + Delta

VLS = Lowest selectable speed

Delta taken as a margin (max of):

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 6

• Two landing configurations certified:

VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 7

• Two landing configuration certified:

VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots

FMS and QRH method consistent

Ò VAPP determination – No failure

Ò VAPP determination – With failure

Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 9

Wind correction (0 in our example)

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 10

A330 engine 1 failure (1/3)

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 11

A330 engine 1 failure (2/3)

• VAPP = 135 + 5 = 140 knots

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 12

VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots VAPP = 135 + 5 = 140 knots

Autothrust use not taken into account in the

VAPP Conf 3 with one engine inoperative

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 13

• EX: Anti skid inoperative

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 14

VAPP = Max between

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 15

Two methods may be used

to determine the VAPP

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 16

Ò VAPP determination – No failure

Ò VAPP determination – With failure

Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 17

• One single method whatever the type of failure

• VAPP with failure higher or equal to VAPP with no failure

Clear and unambiguous

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 18

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 19

New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 20

Aircraft status (with or without failure)

VLS = Lowest selectable speed

Delta taken as a margin (max of):

VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots

VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots

VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots VAPP = 135 + 5 = 140 knots

Autothrust use not taken into account in the

VAPP Conf 3 with one engine inoperative

VAPP = Max between