Doc: MTD 4(4853)

For Comments Only

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Draft Indian Standard
COLD- ROLLED STEEL STRIPS FOR SPRINGS
(Second Revision of IS 2507)
ICS 21.160;77.140.50
Not to be reproduced without the permission of Last date for receipt of
BIS or used as STANDARD comments is 15 Sept.2008

FOREWORD
(Formal clauses will be added later)

Cold-rolled steel strips covered by this standard may be used in as rolled or annealed as well as
in the hardened and tempered condition for the manufacture of steel springs for various
purposes. Most of the products made from cold-rolled or annealed steel strips are heat treated
to obtain tensile strength values specified by hardening and tempering.

Hardening ad tempering is the usual treatment applied to steels covered by this standard. An
advantageous process for increasing the fatigue strength f these steels is heating them to
hardening temperature while simultaneously carbo-nitriding the surface.

In this revision following modifications have been made:

a) Amendments No. 1 and 2 have been incorporated.

b) A new clause on references has been incorporated.
c) Clause on retest has been modified.
d) Marking clause has been modified.
e) Number of grades have been increased to 15.
f) Requirements of IS 4072 have been incorporated.
For all the tests specified in this standard (chemical/physical/others), the method as specified in
relevant ISO standard may also be followed as an alternate method.
The revised standard shall supersede the IS 4072:1975 Steel for spring washers (first revision)
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with,
the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be
rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 `Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’.
The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of
the specified value in this standard.

1 SCOPE

1 .1 This draft standard covers the requirements for cold rolled steel strips for the
manufacture of springs for various purposes.

2 REFERENCES

The standards listed below contain provisions, which through reference in this text constitute
provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
standards are subject to revision and parties to agreement based on this standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards
indicated below:
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IS No. Title

228 (in various parts) Method for chemical analysis of steel

1387:1993 General requirements for the supply of metallurgical
materials (second revision)
1501:2002 Method for vickers hardness test for metallic materials
(third revision)
1608:2005 Metallic materials – Tensile testing at ambient temperature (third
revision)
3711:1980 Wrought steels – Selection and preparation of samples
and test pieces for mechanical tests (third revision)

3 SUPPLY OF MATRIAL

3.1 General requirements relating to the supply of steel strips shall conform to IS 1387.

4 MANUFACTURE

4.1 Steel shall be manufactured by the open hearth, electric, duplex, basic oxygen or a
combination of these processes. In case any other process is employed by the manufacturer,
prior approval of the purchaser shall be obtained.

4.1.1 Steel shall be of killed type.

5 GRADES

5.1 Steel strips shall be one of the eleven grades specified in Table 1.

6 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS

6.1 Strips shall be free from harmful defects, such as scale, rust, blisters, laminations, cracked
edges, etc.

NOTE – Where coil is supplied, the degree or amount of surface effects may be expected to be
more than in cut lengths because of the impossibility of rejecting portions of a coil. This shall be
taken into account by the purchaser in his assessment of the material. An excessive amount of
defects may be cause for rejection.

6 .1.1 In case strips are supplied with mill edges, compete plus partial decarburization, as
indicated by the proportion of ferrite, shall no extend to a depth below the surface greater than
3 percent of the nominal thickness of the material at a distance not less than 20 mm from the
edge.

6 .1.2 In case of strips supplied with slit edges, decarburization shall no exceed 3 percent at
any point of the strip.

6 .2 Strips shall be usually supplied with mill edges. When supplied with sheared edges, the
edges shall be free from burs.

6.2.1 Any edge condition other than that mentioned in 6 .2 shall be subject o mutual
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.

7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

7 .1 The ladle analysis of the material, when analysed in accordance with the appropriate part of
IS 228 shall be as given in Table 1.
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Table 1 Chemical Composition

(Clauses 5.1, 7.1 and 7.2)
Grade Designation Constituent

Carbon Silicon Manganese Sulphur Phosphorus Chromium Vanadium

Percent Percent Percen Percent Percent Percent Percent

1 45C8 0.40 to 0.50 0.10 to 0.35 0.60 to 0.90 0.050 0.050 - -

2 55C6 0.50 to 0.60 0.10 to 0.35 0.50 to 0.65 0.050 0.050 - -
3 65C6 0.60 to 0.70 0.10 to 0.35 0.50 to 0.80 0.050 0.050 - -
4 70C6 0.65 to 0.75 0.10 to 0.35 0.50 to 0.80 0.050 0.050 - -
5 75C6 0.70 to 0.80 0.10 to 0.35 0.50 to 0.80 0.050 0.050 - -
6 80C6 0.75 to 0.85 0.10 to 0.35 0.50 to 0.80 0.050 0.050 - -
7 85C6 0.80 to 0.90 0.10 to 0.35 0.50 to 0.80 0.050 0.050 - -
8 98C6 0.90 to 0.05 0.10 to 0.35 0.50 to 0.80 0.050 0.050 - -
9 38Si7 0.35 to 0.42 1.50 to 1.90 0.60 to 0.80 0.040 0.040 - -
10 50Si7 0.45 to 0.55 1.50 to 2.00 0.50 to 0.80 0.050 0.050 - -
11 55Si7 0.50 to 0.60 1.50 to 2.00 0.80 to 1.00 0.050 0.050 - -
12 60Si7 0.55 to 0.65 1.50 to 2.00 0.70 to 1.00 0.050 0.050 - -
13 50Cr4 0.45 to 0.55 0.10 to 0.35 0.60 to 0.90 0.050 0.050 0.90-1.20 -
14 50Cr4V2 0.45 to 0.55 0.10 to 0.35 0.50 to 0.80 0.050 0.050 0.90-1.20 0.15 to 0.30
15 50CrV4 0.47 to 0.55 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.035 0.035 0.90-1.20 0.07 to 0.12

7 .2 Pr odu ct An a lysis - The permissible variation in the case of product analysis from the
limits specified in Table 1 shall be as follows:

Constituent Permissible Variation Over

Specified Limits
Percent

Carbon + 0.03
Manganese + 0.04
Silicon + 0.03
Sulphur + 0.005
Phosphorus + 0.005
Chromium + 0.03
Vanadium + 0.02

NOTE – Variations shall not be applicable both over and under the specified limits in
several determinations in a heat.

8 TOLERANCES

8 .1 Tolerance on thickness of the steel strip shall be as specified in Table 2. The thickness of
the steel strip shall be measured at a position not less than 10 percent of the ordered with from
the edge for widths up to and including 75 mm. For higher widths the position of measurement
of thickness shall be not less than 10 mm from the edge.

8 .1.1 The variation in thickness of material across the width shall not exceed half the total
tolerance given in Table 2.

8 .1.2 Tolerances other than those specified in Tables 2 and 3 are subject to mutual agreement
between the purchaser and the supplier.

8 .2 Materials when supplied shall be reasonably flat. Dish (concavity across width) in hardened
and tempered strips shall not exceed 0.025 mm per 25 mm width or part thereof for thickness
up to and including 1.5 mm and 0.035 mm per 25 mm width or part thereof for thickness over
1.5 mm (see Fig 1).

8 .2.1 When a 5 m length of strip is allowed to lie on a flat surface by its own weight, no part of
the strip shall lift more than 5 mm from the flat surface. For this purpose, rise should be
measured from the surface nearer to the flat surface.
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NOTE – This is applicable to only hardened and tempered strips.

8 .2.1.1 In case of cold-rolled strips supplied in coils the flatness tolerances shall be mutually
agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

W = Width of strip
L = Length of strip
F = Variation from flatness

Fig. 1 Flatness of Strip

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Table 2 Tolerances on Thicknesses of Steel Strips

(Clauses 8.1, 8.1.1 and 8.1.2)

(All dimensions in millimeters)

Thickness Tolerance and Widths

0.10 +0.01 +0.01 - - -

0.15 +0.01 +0.01 +0.02 +0.02 +0.02

0.20 +0.02 +0.02 +0.02 +0.02 +0.03

0.25 +0.02 +0.02 +0.02 +0.03 +0.03
0.30 +0.02 +0.02 +0.03 +0.03 +0.03
0.40 +0.02 +0.03 +0.03 +0.03 +0.04

0.50 +0.03 +0.03 +0.03 +0.04 +0.04

0.60 +0.03 +0.03 +0.04 +0.04 +0.05

0.80 +0.03 +0.04 +0.05 +0.05 +0.05

0.00 +0.04 +0.04 +0.05 +0.06 +0.06
0.25 +0.04 +0.05 +0.06 +0.06 +0.07

0.50 +0.05 +0.05 +0.06 +0.07 +0.08

0.80 +0.05 +0.06 +0.07 +0.08 +0.08
0.00 +0.06 +0.06 +0.07 +0.08 +0.09
0.50 +0.06 +0.07 +0.08 +0.09 +0.10

0.00 +0.07 +0.08 +0.09 +0.10 +0.11

0.55 +0.08 +0.09 +0.10 +0.11 +0.12
0.00 +0.08 +0.09 +0.11 +0.12 +0.13
0.00 +0.09 +0.10 +0.13 +0.14 +0.15

*When intermediate thicknesses are specified, the tolerance of the next larger thickness step is
applicable.

8 .4 Edge camber (lateral departure of the edge of the material from straight line forming a
chord) shall not exceed the tolerances given in Table 4 (see Fig 2)

Table 4 Tolerances on Edge Camber for Cold- Rolled

Unhardened, Hardened and Tempered Steel Strips
All dimensions in millimetres

Specified Width Specified Thickness Maximum Tolerance

On Edge Camber in
Any 2000-mm Length

Over Upto and Over Up to and Cold-Rolled Hardened and

Including Including Unhardened Tempered

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

- 50 - 2 10 2
- 50 2 - 13 3
50 250 - 2 6.5 2
50 250 2 - 13.0 3
250 600 - 2 06.5 2
250 600 2 - 13 3
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W = Width of strip
L = Length of strip
C = Edge camber

Fig 2 Edge Camber of Strip

9 CALCULATION

9.1 The weight of steel strips shall be calculated on the basis that steel weighs 7.85 g/cm3.

10 TREATMENT

10.1 The material may be supplied in the cold-rolled, annealed or hardened and tempered
condition or in any other condition subject to mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
supplier. Recommended heat treatment for the material is given in Annex A.

11 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

11.1 Physical properties of cold-rolled steel strips for springs are given in Annex B for
information.

11.2 When specified in the order, the frequency of tests for physical properties shall be subject
to mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.

12 DELIVERY

12.1 The material hall be delivered either in coils or in straight lengths as agreed to between
the purchaser and the supplier.

13 SURFACE CONDITION

13.1 The surface of cold-rolled, annealed or hardened and tempered steel strip, when
delivered, may be either dull, bright, polished, or polished and tempered.

13.2 Strips shall be adequately coated with rust-preventive oil as agreed to between the
purchaser and the supplier.

14 SAMPLING

14.1 Sampling for Chemical Analysis – The ladle sample analysis shall be supplied by the
manufacturer. If the product analysis is required by the purchaser, at least one sample product
shall be taken from each cast.

14.1.1 For product analysis the selection of samples shall be carried out in accordance with
Indian Standard methods of selection an preparation of samples for product analysis (under
preparation) (see note).

NOTE – Till such time the standard under preparation is published, sampling plan shall
be as agreed to between the parties concerned.

14.2 Sampling for Mechanical Tests – If required for the purpose of mechanical tests, one
sample for every 20 tonnes or part thereof with a minimum of one per cast shall be selected.

14.2.1 Test pieces for mechanical properties shall be taken in the direction of the fiber, the
rolling direction.
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14.3 Selection and preparation of samples and test pieces shall be in accordance with IS 3711.

15 RETEST

15.1 If a test does not give the specified results, two additional tests shall be carried out at
random on the same lot. Both retests shall conform to the requirements of this standard,
otherwise, the lot shall be rejected.

16 PACKING

16.1 Strips shall be supplied in coils or bundles of cut lengths or in packages each weighing no
more than three tonnes as may be agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier.

16.2 Strips shall be packed in waterproof paper or polythene or polythene-lined hessian and
securely tied around with hoop iron. A number of coils may be bundled with wooden battens in
between or may be packed in wooden boxes. Strips may also be packed with separate thin
metallic sheets wrapped around and with bands of hoop iron.

17 MARKING

1 7 .1 Each bundle or package of steel strips shall be legibly marked with the name or trade-
mark of the manufacturer, size, grade and the cast number or identification mark, by which the
steel can be traced to the cast or casts which it represents. Steel designation should also be
marked on each bundle or package.

17.2 BIS Certification Marking

The material may also be marked with Standard Mark.

1 7 .2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of Bureau of I ndian
St andards Act , 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details of conditions
under which the licence for the use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or
producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.

18 INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN BY THE PURCHASER

18.1 While placing an order for the purchase of steel strips for springs covered by this
standard, the purchaser should specify the following:

a) Description regarding grade, designation, size, etc;

b) Condition of delivery;
c) Method of manufacture;
d) Any special requirement; and
e) Test report, if required.
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ANNEX A
(Clause 10.1)

MECHANICAL WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT

A- 1 SHAPING

A- 1.1 Shaping is performed cold by cutting, shearing, stamping, die pressing, bending and
coiling. In case of difficulties being encountered in shaping, intermediate annealing is required.
If hardened parts have to be annealed, the annealing temperatures stated in Table 5 shall be
used, paying particular attention to the statements made in B-2.1.

Table 5 Recommended Temperature For the Heat

Treatment of Cold- Rolled Steel Strips
(Clauses A-1.1, A-2.1 and A-3.1)

Grade Designation Soft Hardening Tempering

o
Annealing in Oil C
o o
C C
1 45C 8 30 to 860 380 to 440
2 55C 6 20 to 850 390 to 450
3 65C 6 10 to 840 400 to 460
4 70C 6 600 to 650 800 to 830 420 to 500
5 75C 6 80 to 810 420 to 500
6 80C 6 80 to 810 430 to 510
7 85C 6 70 to 800 440 to 520
8 98C 6 620 to 660 770 to 800 280 to 340
9 55Si7 640 to 680 830 to 860 300 to 360
10 50Cr4
11 50Cr4V2 640 to 680 830 to 860 280 to 340

A- 2 ANNEALING

A- 2.1 The material shall be progressively and uniformly heated to the temperature stated in
Table 5 and soaked for a perio0d depending upon the cross section ad shall then be cooled down
as slowly as possible (being left in the annealing furnace)

A- 3 HARDENING AND TEMPERING

A- 3.1 The material shall be progressively and uniformly heat to the hardening temperatures as
indicated in Table 5 and soaked for a period depending on its cross section. The lower limits of
the temperature ranges are applied to relatively small dimensions, the upper limits to the large
dimensions. The tempering temperatures indicated in Table 5 (approximate values) have to be
selected in accordance with the strength properties required. To maintain narrow ranges of
strength properties by suitable hardening and tempering treatments, it is necessary to pay
attention to the fact that the different casts as delivered may exhibit uniform hardening
properties but may require certain gradations of the tempering temperatures. To avoid
difficulties in maintaining the strength values required, it is, therefore, advisable to carry out the
fabrication keeping the different casts separate. Tempering should be carried out directly after
the hardening treatment to avoid cracking on hardening.
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ANNEX B
(Clause 11.1)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

B- 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COLD- ROLLED STEEL STRIPS FOR SPRINGS

B- 1.1 Physical properties of cold-rolled steel strips in the annealed and hardened and tempered
conditions are given in Table 6.

B- 1.2 The Vickers hardness test shall be carried out in accordance with IS 1501.

B- 1.3 The tensile strength, yield stress and percentage elongation shall be determined in
accordance with IS 1608.

Table 6 Physical Properties

(Clause B-1.1)

Grade Designation
1 45C8 185
2 55C6 195
3 65C6 205 270 590 30 350 to 425 1030 1180 to 1420 6
4 70C6 215
5 80C6 220
6 45C6 220 290 640 25 350 to 475 1080 1180 to 1570 6
7 85C6 220
8 98C6 225 310 690 25 475 to 540 1470 1570 to 1760 6
9 55Ci7 240 340 780 20 475 to 570 1470 1570 to 1960 6
10 50Cr4 240 340 780 20 505 to 650 1570 1670 to 2260 5
11 50Cr4V2 240 340 780 20 555 to 670 1760 1880 to 2360 4

NOTES

1 1 N/mm2 = 1 MN/m2 = 0.1020 kgf/mm2

2 The values for elongation for gauge length Lo = 50 mm and L6 = 12.5 mm should be reduced by
about one-third the values specified for gauge length Lo = 5.65 So.
3 The strength values for the strips in the hardened and tempered conditions depend on th thickness.
In view of the fact that the strength values are also influenced by the rolling stresses, the strength
properties should be subject to mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
4 Since slight surface decarburization is unavoidable, the hardness values specified may be
considered approximate.
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