Assignment:

Calculation of optimum tilt angle for Solar Collector

Location:
Multan

latitude of multan φ 0.526081

Month:
March

Steps for the calculations of finding optimum tilt angle for Solar Collector:
1. First of all, we have to find the declination angles according to the days of the month.
2. Then the values of Gon, ws, N and Ho.
3. Then the average values of N and Ho are taken.
4. Then model 22 equation is used to find out ratio of Hd/Ho and eventually values of Hd
and Hb are calculated.
5. Then for a range of tilt angles from 0 to 90 degrees the Ht is calculated.
6. The value of tilt angle coinciding with the maximum value of Ht gives us the optimum
angle of tilt.
• All the calculations are done below:

1
 day ϭ ϭ (rad) Gon ωs N Ho
59 -19.613 -0.34214 1363.741 1.362493 10.41396 8266.291
60 -0.10166 -0.00177 1327.678 1.569767 11.99822 8775.413
61 19.50081 0.340181 1326.865 1.777792 13.58822 8143.924
62 21.62191 0.377182 1362.031 1.802904 13.78016 8206.013
63 4.360188 0.076061 1401.652 1.615062 12.34442 9240.313
64 -16.8102 -0.29324 1410.209 1.394554 10.65901 8746.994
65 -22.9112 -0.39967 1380.032 1.322991 10.11203 8098.584
66 -8.47359 -0.14782 1338.173 1.484225 11.3444 8696.245
67 13.56009 0.236548 1322.155 1.711233 13.07949 8447.674
68 23.43792 0.408862 1346.339 1.825118 13.94995 7968.271
69 12.30498 0.214654 1389.044 1.697729 12.97627 8932.052
70 -9.85868 -0.17198 1411.988 1.469766 11.23388 9124.605
71 -23.1846 -0.40444 1394.603 1.319616 10.08624 8159.933
72 -15.7268 -0.27435 1352.473 1.406636 10.75136 8455.06
73 5.829153 0.101686 1323.366 1.630081 12.45922 8701.371
74 22.15963 0.386562 1333.375 1.809409 13.82988 7992.618
75 18.62525 0.324907 1373.526 1.767659 13.51077 8489.443
76 -1.60561 -0.02801 1407.827 1.554527 11.88174 9296.468
77 -20.3971 -0.35582 1405.529 1.353291 10.34362 8458.799
78 -20.9038 -0.36465 1368.692 1.347285 10.29772 8197.651
79 -2.67136 -0.0466 1330.338 1.543714 11.79909 8774.09
80 17.95577 0.313228 1324.849 1.759995 13.45219 8230.344
81 22.48657 0.392266 1357.147 1.813393 13.86033 8109.377
82 6.859431 0.119659 1398.277 1.640668 12.54014 9172.182
83 -14.9168 -0.26022 1411.369 1.415571 10.81965 8871.999
84 -23.321 -0.40682 1384.687 1.317927 10.07332 8089.847
85 -10.8192 -0.18873 1342.15 1.459656 11.15661 8635.43
86 11.38137 0.198542 1321.889 1.687889 12.90106 8536.584
87 23.37918 0.407837 1342.068 1.824389 13.94437 7947.8
88 14.41888 0.251529 1384.597 1.72057 13.15085 8804.386
89 -7.46713 -0.13026 1411.351 1.494655 11.42411 9204.569
90 -22.6593 -0.39528 1398.347 1.326085 10.13569 8228.133
Avg -0.00194 1.569669 11.99681 8531.327

Ho (avg) n N (avg) n/N Hd/Ho Hd Hb

2
 β ωs' (1) ωs' (2) Rd A B Rb=A/B Ht
0 1.569669 1.569669 1 0.864753 0.864753 1 11090.72
1 1.569669 1.569714 0.999924 0.873381 0.864753 1.009978 11150.15
2 1.569669 1.569758 0.999696 0.881744 0.864753 1.019649 11207.08
3 1.569669 1.569801 0.999315 0.889838 0.864753 1.029009 11261.52
4 1.569669 1.569844 0.998783 0.897662 0.864753 1.038056 11313.43
5 1.569669 1.569885 0.998099 0.905213 0.864753 1.046788 11362.8
6 1.569669 1.569926 0.997264 0.912488 0.864753 1.0552 11409.63
7 1.569669 1.569967 0.996277 0.919485 0.864753 1.063292 11453.88
8 1.569669 1.570006 0.995139 0.926202 0.864753 1.07106 11495.56
9 1.569669 1.570046 0.99385 0.932638 0.864753 1.078503 11534.65
10 1.569669 1.570084 0.992412 0.93879 0.864753 1.085617 11571.13
11 1.569669 1.570123 0.990823 0.944656 0.864753 1.0924 11605
12 1.569669 1.57016 0.989085 0.950235 0.864753 1.098852 11636.24
13 1.569669 1.570198 0.987198 0.955525 0.864753 1.104968 11664.85
14 1.569669 1.570234 0.985163 0.960523 0.864753 1.110749 11690.82
15 1.569669 1.570271 0.98298 0.96523 0.864753 1.116192 11714.13
16 1.569669 1.570307 0.98065 0.969643 0.864753 1.121295 11734.78
17 1.569669 1.570343 0.978174 0.97376 0.864753 1.126056 11752.77
18 1.569669 1.570378 0.975553 0.977582 0.864753 1.130476 11768.09
19 1.569669 1.570414 0.972787 0.981106 0.864753 1.134551 11780.74
20 1.569669 1.570449 0.969877 0.984331 0.864753 1.13828 11790.71
21 1.569669 1.570484 0.966823 0.987257 0.864753 1.141664 11797.99
22 1.569669 1.570518 0.963628 0.989883 0.864753 1.1447 11802.59
23 1.569669 1.570553 0.960292 0.992207 0.864753 1.147388 11804.51
24 1.569669 1.570587 0.956816 0.994229 0.864753 1.149726 11803.74
25 1.569669 1.570621 0.953201 0.995949 0.864753 1.151715 11800.28
26 1.569669 1.570655 0.949447 0.997365 0.864753 1.153353 11794.14
27 1.569669 1.570689 0.945557 0.998479 0.864753 1.15464 11785.32
28 1.569669 1.570723 0.941532 0.999288 0.864753 1.155576 11773.81
29 1.569669 1.570757 0.937372 0.999793 0.864753 1.156161 11759.63
30 1.569669 1.570791 0.933079 0.999994 0.864753 1.156393 11742.78
31 1.569669 1.570825 0.928654 0.999891 0.864753 1.156274 11723.26
32 1.569669 1.570859 0.924099 0.999483 0.864753 1.155802 11701.08
33 1.569669 1.570893 0.919415 0.998772 0.864753 1.154979 11676.24
34 1.569669 1.570927 0.914603 0.997756 0.864753 1.153805 11648.76
35 1.569669 1.570961 0.909665 0.996437 0.864753 1.152279 11618.64
36 1.569669 1.570995 0.904602 0.994814 0.864753 1.150403 11585.89
37 1.569669 1.571029 0.899416 0.992889 0.864753 1.148177 11550.52
38 1.569669 1.571063 0.894109 0.990662 0.864753 1.145601 11512.54
39 1.569669 1.571098 0.888682 0.988133 0.864753 1.142677 11471.97
40 1.569669 1.571133 0.883136 0.985303 0.864753 1.139405 11428.81
41 1.569669 1.571168 0.877474 0.982174 0.864753 1.135786 11383.08
42 1.569669 1.571203 0.871697 0.978746 0.864753 1.131822 11334.79
3 43 1.569669 1.571239 0.865807 0.97502 0.864753 1.127513 11283.96
44 1.569669 1.571274 0.859805 0.970997 0.864753 1.122861 11230.6
45 1.569669 1.57131 0.853694 0.966679 0.864753 1.117867 11174.73
 46 1.569669 1.571347 0.847476 0.962067 0.864753 1.112534 11116.36
47 1.569669 1.571383 0.841151 0.957161 0.864753 1.106861 11055.52
48 1.569669 1.571421 0.834723 0.951965 0.864753 1.100852 10992.22
49 1.569669 1.571458 0.828193 0.946479 0.864753 1.094508 10926.48
50 1.569669 1.571496 0.821563 0.940705 0.864753 1.087831 10858.32
51 1.569669 1.571535 0.814836 0.934645 0.864753 1.080823 10787.77
52 1.569669 1.571574 0.808012 0.9283 0.864753 1.073486 10714.84
53 1.569669 1.571613 0.801095 0.921672 0.864753 1.065822 10639.55
54 1.569669 1.571653 0.794086 0.914765 0.864753 1.057834 10561.93
55 1.569669 1.571694 0.786988 0.907579 0.864753 1.049524 10482.01
56 1.569669 1.571736 0.779802 0.900116 0.864753 1.040894 10399.8
57 1.569669 1.571778 0.772531 0.89238 0.864753 1.031948 10315.33
58 1.569669 1.571821 0.765177 0.884373 0.864753 1.022688 10228.63
59 1.569669 1.571864 0.757743 0.876096 0.864753 1.013117 10139.73
60 1.569669 1.571909 0.75023 0.867552 0.864753 1.003237 10048.64
61 1.569669 1.571954 0.742641 0.858745 0.864753 0.993052 9955.405
62 1.569669 1.572001 0.734978 0.849676 0.864753 0.982565 9860.044
63 1.569669 1.572048 0.727244 0.840349 0.864753 0.971779 9762.59
64 1.569669 1.572097 0.71944 0.830766 0.864753 0.960697 9663.07
65 1.569669 1.572146 0.71157 0.82093 0.864753 0.949323 9561.517
66 1.569669 1.572197 0.703635 0.810844 0.864753 0.93766 9457.96
67 1.569669 1.572249 0.695638 0.800512 0.864753 0.925712 9352.431
68 1.569669 1.572303 0.687582 0.789936 0.864753 0.913482 9244.963
69 1.569669 1.572358 0.679469 0.779119 0.864753 0.900974 9135.587
70 1.569669 1.572414 0.671301 0.768066 0.864753 0.888191 9024.338
71 1.569669 1.572473 0.663081 0.756779 0.864753 0.875139 8911.249
72 1.569669 1.572533 0.654811 0.745261 0.864753 0.86182 8796.354
73 1.569669 1.572595 0.646495 0.733517 0.864753 0.848239 8679.689
74 1.569669 1.572659 0.638133 0.72155 0.864753 0.8344 8561.289
75 1.569669 1.572725 0.62973 0.709362 0.864753 0.820307 8441.189
76 1.569669 1.572793 0.621287 0.69696 0.864753 0.805964 8319.428
77 1.569669 1.572864 0.612807 0.684345 0.864753 0.791376 8196.041
78 1.569669 1.572938 0.604293 0.671521 0.864753 0.776547 8071.065
79 1.569669 1.573014 0.595748 0.658494 0.864753 0.761482 7944.541
80 1.569669 1.573094 0.587173 0.645266 0.864753 0.746185 7816.504
81 1.569669 1.573177 0.578571 0.631841 0.864753 0.730661 7686.996
82 1.569669 1.573264 0.569946 0.618225 0.864753 0.714915 7556.054
83 1.569669 1.573354 0.561299 0.60442 0.864753 0.698951 7423.719
84 1.569669 1.573449 0.552634 0.590431 0.864753 0.682775 7290.032
85 1.569669 1.573549 0.543952 0.576263 0.864753 0.66639 7155.032
86 1.569669 1.573653 0.535258 0.561919 0.864753 0.649803 7018.761
87 1.569669 1.573763 0.526552 0.547405 0.864753 0.633018 6881.26
88 1.569669 1.57388 0.517839 0.532723 0.864753 0.616041 6742.572
89 1.569669 1.574002 0.50912 0.51788 0.864753 0.598876 6602.738
4 90 1.569669 1.574132 0.500398 0.502879 0.864753 0.581529 6461.801
Graph:
Tilt angle vs Ht
14000

12000

10000

8000
Ht

6000

4000

2000

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
β

Result:
• So, Optimum Tilt Angle for Solar Collector for Multan in the month of march comes out to be:

β = 𝟐𝟑 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒔