Group 3 Presentation

CONSERVATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

Nov. 28, 2020
CONSERVATION
MANAGEMENT
G R O U P 3
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NATURAL
Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
and illustrations by Stories
RESOURCES
Naturally occurring raw materials from the Earth.

]] Humans use and modify these resources for

developmental and industrial purposes.
 WIND ANIMALS COAL

MINERALS NATURAL GAS OIL

PLANTS SUN WATER

 FOUR GROUPS OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
 ABIOTIC
BIOTIC
01 RESOURCES 02 RESOURCE
S

RENEWABL NON-
03 E
RESOURCES 04 RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
BIOTIC
RESOURCES
Resources that are obtained
from living and organic
material (biosphere)

include plants, animals, and

fossil fuels (coal, oil, and
natural gas)
 ABIOTIC
RESOURCES
Resources that originate from
nonliving and inorganic materials
Such as air, sunlight, and water,
and minerals (gold, copper, iron,
and diamonds).
RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
Resources that can be replenished
during our lifetime
We will never run out of sun and
wind in our lifetime, because the
Earth constantly supplies these
resources
NON-
RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
Resources that are limited/finite
resources that is not replenished in a
short period of time

These are coal, petroleum, natural

gas and metals to name a few
Human activities use a great deal of natural resources
and at the same time producing a lot of wastes;
dumping into the environment
HUMAN
POPULATION
∝ CONSUMPTION
OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
If we go on overexploiting the nature, there will
be no more resources available in the future

CONSERVATION OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
 Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource
to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation
to preserve the
to maintain to preserve natural resources for
ecological balance different types of the present and
for supporting life biodiversity future generations

WAYS TO PROPERLY CONSERVE AND MANAGE THE NATURAL REOURCES:

▪ Judicious use of natural resources and avoiding wastage of natural resources
▪ Long term planning for the use of natural resources so that it last not only for the
IIIpresent but also for future generations
▪ The exploitation of natural resources should not be for the benefit of a few people
IIIbut should be distributed equally for all
▪ While extracting and using natural resources we should also plan for the safe
IIIdisposal of wastes so that no damage is caused to the environment
Kinds of Conservation
a.Soil Conservation
b. Water Conservation
c. Forest Conservation
d. Wildlife Conservation
SOIL
CONSERVATION
Soil is the most important resource on which
agriculture is based.

✓ vital to sustain long-term agricultural

productivity.

❑ soil erosion is usually only identified as a

problem when channels are cut through
fields that are so deep they restrict
cultivation practices.
❑ In fact, soil erosion occurs at
unsustainable levels when small rills are
recognizable in a field.
• Soil Conservation is a combination of practices used to
protect the soil from degradation. First and foremost, soil
conservation involves treating the soil as a living
ecosystem. This means returning organic matter to the soil
on a continual basis.
In addition to preserving soil life and organic matter,
the other principles of soil conservation are to:
o manage surface runoff,
o protect bare exposed soil surfaces, and highly
susceptible sites (e.g. steep slopes), and
o protect downstream watercourses from
sedimentation and pollution.
 GOOD REASONS
TO PRACTICE SOIL
CONSERVATION

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• To maintain an adequate amount of organic matter
and biological life in the soil.
• To ensure a secure food supply at reasonable prices.
• To grow enough food
• To save farmers money.
• To save citizens money.
• To improve water quality.
21
• To improve wildlife habitat.
• For aesthetic reasons.
• To help create an environment free of pollution where
we can live safely.
• For the future of our children, so that they may have
enough soil to support life.

22
 SOIL
CONSERVATION
TECHNIQUES
& METHODS

23
1.) CONSERVATION TILLAGE
- consists of a variety of practices
used in agriculture to reduce wind
and water erosion.
*No-till farming
-planting seeds into the
residue of the previous crop,
with no tillage between
harvest. No till leaves 60 to 70
percent of a field covered with
crop residue.
2.) Contour farming
-tilling and planting along the contour, rather than up and down the slope.
-the furrows and rows of plants act as dams which slow down the flow of
water moving down the slope. Unless some type of contour farming is
used, particularly on long slopes, serious field erosion can result.
3.) Strip Cropping

-alternating strips of small grain (e.g. rye) or forage crops

(e.g. clover) with row crops like corn.
-It is used to control erosion by reducing the velocity of wind
and water. The forage and cereal grain rows tend to trap
sediment that may otherwise end up in watercourses.
4.) WINDBREAKS

-A windbreak or shelterbelt is a vegetation barrier designed to

reduce or eliminate the velocity of the wind and hence reduce wind
erosion. (Windbreaks are also used for snow control and to provide
shelter for buildings and livestock).
5.) CROP ROTATION
-alternative to planting a
field in the same crop year
after year (referred to
as continuous mono-
shelterbeltsculture
cropping). Instead, the
main crop is rotated,
ideally with cereal crops
like winter wheat or
forages such as clover and
alfalfa.
6.) COVER CROPS
-crops planted to
reduce the impact of
wind and water on bare
soil.
-They absorb the impact
of rain, reduce the
speed of runoff, hold
the soil in place, and
encourage greater
infiltration; and hence
less runoff.
*Intercropping involves
mixing plants in a field -
for example planting
legumes between rows
of corn or soybean. This
technique may be used
by a farmer who cannot
afford to take his or her
entire crop of corn out
of production.
 7.) BUFFER STRIPS

-area of land adjacent to a

watercourse that is vegetated
with grasses or bushes. The
plant cover filters sediment
out of runoff, holds the soil in
place and prevents washout,
slumping, and reductions in
water quality due to siltation.
 8.) GRASSED WATERWAYS
-carry surface runoff across
land without causing erosion. It is
commonly used where gully or rill
erosion is taking place due to the
concentrated flow of water
overland. The grass slows the flow
of water and protects the soil from
erosion. The water is carried safely
to a stable outlet such as a
drainage ditch or stream.
 9.) TERRACE
-Terraces are designed
to intercept runoff on a slope,
and reduce its erosive action
on the soil down the slope.
Water is channeled at a slower
speed, along the vegetated
channel to a safe, stable outlet
such as a grassed waterway or
standpipe or drop inlet.
 10.) DROP INLETS AND
ROCK CHUTES
• A drop inlet consists of a vertical intake
pipe and a horizontal underground
pipe. The water enters the vertical pipe
at ground surface, and falls below
where it is guided safely through a
large concrete metal or plastic pipe into
a stream or ditch.

• A rock chute is a pile of rocks designed

to move concentrated water flows over
steep slopes. Drop inlets and rock
chutes are often used to "step" water
down where there are rapid changes in
elevation, and thereby protect soil from
erosion.
 11.) NATURAL FERTILIZERS
• Natural fertilizers include live stock
manure, mulch, municipal sludge, and
legume plants such as alfalfa or clover.
Manure and sludge are applied by
spreading it over the land and then
working it into the soil. Strict guidelines
must be followed in timing applications,
since both sludge and manure can
cause major water contamination if
handled improperly. Legumes such as
clover or alfalfa are grown and
thentilled into the soil as "green
fertilizer".
 12.) BANK STABILIZATION
• Bank stabilization consists of
any measure used to hold soil in
place on the bank or a
watercourse. Here waves, stream
current, ice and surface runoff
can scour away the soil.

• The benefits of bank stabilization

are reduced soil erosion, better
water quality and an increased
aesthetic environment.
13.) SEDIMENT CONTROL
• Despite a developer's best efforts, water erosion
often occurs on urban construction sites. As a result,
efforts must be made to keep the sediment or silt on
the site, rather than having it transported by the
water to a nearby storm sewer or stream.
A silt fence

A sediment trap

A sedimentation pond
14.) INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Integrated pest management (IPM)uses a variety of
techniques designed to cut the use of chemical
pesticides, and hence reduce environmental risks. The
backbone of IPM is crop rotation.
SUMMARY
• relates primarily to agriculture.
• principles apply to all land uses.
• Construction crews and foresters need to protect stream banks
and use buffer strips as well.
• They can avoid major erosion problems and protect soil
resources by understanding the natural flow of watercourses,
the lay of the land, and the need for organic matter and a
diverse environment.
Water
Conservation
 What is water conservation?

⪢ Water conservation is the ⪢ With the ever-increasing

careful use and protection of pressure of human population,
water resources and involves there has been a severe stress
both the quantity and quality of on water resources.
water use. ⪢ Neglect of traditional water
⪢ Water is indispensable resource bodies like tanks and ponds,
for the sustenance of all life and indiscriminate and exploitation
is the basic need for all activities of ground water, improper
right from domestic use to maintenance of surface water
agricultural and industry. systems has aggravated the
problem still further and is likely
to increase in the years to come.

43
 The objective of water conservation can be achieved
through concrete efforts on the conservation and
utilization of water on sustainable basis with a focus on
holistic planning and sustainable development of sources
of water.

44
The goals of water conservation
efforts include as follows:
• To ensure availability for future generations.

• The withdrawal of fresh water from an

ecosystem should not exceed its natural
replacement rate.
 Indoor Conservation
⪢ Shorten your shower by a ⪢ Use conserving appliances,
minute or two and you’ll save such as low-volume shower
up to 150 gallons per month. heads, efficient dishwashers
⪢ Monitor your water bill for
and washing machines.
unusually high of use, Your bill
and water meter are tools that
⪢ Use low-flow toilets and
can help you discover leaks. flush the toilet only when
⪢ Turn off the water faucet while really necessary.
brushing your teeth. This will,
on the average, saves 3 gallons
of water for each time you
brush.

46
 Outdoor Conservation
⪢ Use a bucket of water to ⪢ Use drip or sprinkle
clean your car instead of a irrigation and place
hose. water-holding mulch
⪢ Sweep sidewalks, around garden plants.
driveways and patios ⪢ Water lawns and plants
instead of a hose. early in the morning, late
afternoon or at night so
⪢ Cultivate the soil regularly as to reduce
so water can penetrate evaporation.
and develop good root
system.
47
 Industrial Conservation
Water conservation measures that can be taken by
industries and manufacturing units include:
⪢ Using dry cooling systems or cooling towers that use
less water.
⪢ Reuse the cooling water for irrigation or other
purposes.
⪢ Recycled water should be used for floor washing, and
other such purposes.

48
 Agricultural Conservation
Agriculture is the biggest water user and perhaps half of
all the agricultural water used is lost to leaks in irrigation
canals and application to areas where plants do not grow.
Improved agricultural irrigation could reduce withdrawals
by 20 to 30%. Tremendous saving may be achieved by
implementing agricultural conservation measures.
⪢ Use lined or covered canals that reduce seepage and
evaporation.
⪢ Use improved irrigation techniques, such as
sprinklers or drip irrigation.
⪢ Use mulch to help retain water around plants.

49
 Strategies to Support Water
Conservation
• Rain water harvesting
– Roof top rainwater harvesting
– Micro-catchment water harvesting
• Sustainable water utilization
– Minimize domestic water consumption
– Improved irrigation methods
• Maintain and improve the quality of water
– Collection and treatment of waste water
– Pollution check

50
 Conclusion
• Wasting water has become a significant
environmental problem, both at consumer and
industrial levels. Hence, it has become important
for individuals wherein we must find out ways to
reduce the wastage of water and conserve it.
• Instead of waiting for somebody else to start
conserving, let us, as an individual, take the first
step towards conserving water.
51
Forest Conservation
What is Forest Conservation?

➢ Forest conservation is the practice of planning

and maintaining forested areas for the benefit
and sustainability of future generation.
Deforestation
• deforestation is the clearing and removal of trees
in large numbers ,often resulting in damage to the
quality of the land.
Primary Reason for Deforestation are :
• cutting trees to use the wood for building homes
and fences or for other construction needs.
• Clearing the land to plant crops.
• Clearing the land to build road or new buildings
Why Forest Conservation Is Important
1. Forests create oxygen
2. Forests filter the air and reduce pollution
3. Forests help reduce climate change
4. Forests are an important part of the water cycle
5. Forests prevent soil erosion
6. Forests support biodiversity
Ways to Conserve the Forest
• Afforestation
• Reforestation
• Controlled Deforestation
• Better Farming Practices
• Protection of Forest
 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
 Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant
and animal species and their habitats. As part of the
world’s ecosystems, wildlife provides balance and
stability to nature’s processes. The goal of wildlife
conservation is to ensure the survival of these species,
and to educate people on living sustainably with other
species.
 The human population has grown exponentially over
the past 200 years, to more than seven billion people
today, and it continues to rapidly grow. This means
natural resources are being consumed faster than ever
by the billions of people on the planet.
 This growth and development also
endangers the habitats and
existence of various types of
wildlife around the world,
particularly animals and plants
that may be displaced for land
development, or used for food or
other human purposes.
 Major threats to wildlife include
habitat destruction/ degradation/
fragmentation, overexploitation,
poaching, pollution and climate
change.
THREATS TO WILDLIFE
 HABITAT DESTRUCTION decreases the number of
places wildlife can live in. Habitat fragmentation
breaks up a continuous tract of habitat, often
dividing large wildlife populations into several
smaller ones.
 Human-caused habitat loss and fragmentation
are primary drivers of species declines and
extinctions. Key examples of human-induced
habitat loss include deforestation, agricultural
expansion, and urbanization.
 Habitat destruction and fragmentation can
increase the vulnerability of wildlife populations
by reducing the space and resources available
to them and by increasing the likelihood of
conflict with humans.
 OVEREXPLOITATION is the harvesting of
animals and plants at a rate that's faster
than the species' ability to recover.
 While often associated with Overfishing,
overexploitation can apply to many groups
including mammals, birds, amphibians,
reptiles, and plants. The danger of
overexploitation is that if too many
individuals of a species are taken, then the
species may not recover.
 For example, overfishing of top marine
predatory fish like tuna and salmon over the
past century has led to a decline in fish sizes
as well as fish numbers.
 POACHING for illegal wildlife trading is a major
threat to certain species, particularly
endangered ones whose status makes them
economically valuable.
 Such species include many large mammals
like African elephants, tigers, and rhinoceros.
Traded for their tusks, skins, and horns
respectively.
 Less well-known targets of poaching include
the harvest of protected plants and animals
for souvenirs, food, skins, pets, and more;
Because poachers tend to target threatened
and endangered species, poaching causes
already small populations to decline even
further.
 POLLUTION
 A wide range of pollutants
negatively impact wildlife health.
For some pollutants, simple
exposure is enough to do
damage such as pesticides. For
others, its through inhaling (e.g. air
pollutants) or ingesting it (e.g.
toxic metals).
 Pollutants are classified as air
pollutants, heavy metals and toxic
chemicals.
METHODS OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
 Protection of Natural Habitat
 Protection of the wildlife habitat
can be done by establishing
National Parks, Sanctuaries, and
Reserve Forests etc.
 These networks of protected areas
cover most of the representative
habitat types in the country and
provide protection to both wild
species of plants and animals.
 Protection Through Legislation
 Various countries of the world have formed
various laws to forbid killing of wildlife.
 Here in Philippines we have Republic Act
No. 9147 otherwise known as the Wildlife
Resources Conservation and Protection
Act. It is an act providing for the
conservation and protection of wildlife
resources and their habitats, appropriating
funds therefor and for other purposes.
 Mass Education
 Conservation education and awareness
have to be achieved both at the formal
and non-formal level. Most people of an
country are ignorant about the utility of
wildlife.
 At the formal level schools, colleges and
universities should include in the
curriculum, the study of ecology, wildlife
and conservation.
 The creation of awareness and right
attitude towards the environment and
how everyone can contribute to
conservation efforts.
 Mass media such as
newspapers and magazines,
radio and television, national
parks and sanctuaries,
zoological parks and natural
history museums can play an
important role in promoting
conservation awareness
among the public.
IMPORTANCE
OF
CONSERVATION
 WHAT IS THIS TOPIC ABOUT?
WHAT IS THIS
TOPIC ABOUT?
69
Nature is composed of everything that
surrounds us. The trees, forests, rivers, soil,
and air are all part of nature.
 WHY CONSERVATION?
We must believe in conservation, not only because it protects
native plants, birds and animals, but also because it protects
us.
70
 WHY CONSERVATION?
71
Generally, we must conserve our land and water of our
environment for these are the lifeblood of
environmental balance.
3 Reasons Why Conservation is Important

01 To Protect Wildlife 03 For Human Health

02 To Protect the Earth

 To Protect Wildlife
The most obvious reason for conservation is to
protect wildlife and promote biodiversity. Protecting 73
wildlife and preserving it for future generations also
means that the animals we love don’t become a
distant memory.
 To Protect the Earth
It’s no secret that the future of our planet 74
desperately needs to be safeguarded, with climate
change already wreaking havoc on our natural
environment.
 For Human Health
One pretty big reason for conservation work that is 75
talked about a little less often is the impact that it
has on human health. Both in terms of preventing
the emergence of new diseases, and the production
of medicines that we rely upon.
Waste Management
Waste Management
DEFINITION

Waste management refers to the various schemes to

Thus,activities
Different
manage other means
include
and dispose are
of encouraged,
collection,
wastes. suchby as
monitoring,
It can be recycling,
regulation,
discarding,
andreprocessing, and re-use. Organic wastes, especially
destroying, processing, recycling, reusing, or controlling for
disposal. Waste collection services are often those
provided
that
freeare
wastes. biodegradable,
byThe
the are of
local government.
prime objective allowed to be decomposed
The collected
waste to so
wastesisare
management
that they
disposed can
of bybe used
various as mulch
methods, or compost
e.g. by in agriculture
landfill
reduce the amount of unusable materials and to avert compaction and
the methane gas from
and the biological
incineration.
potential health and environmental hazards.degradation be
collected and used for generating electricity and heat.
Waste Management
BENEFITS

Creates
Better
Reduces
Conserves
Environment
Employment
Pollution
Energy

WhenProbably
The waste
recycling the
is managed
industry biggest
alone
the right
creates
All of us are probably aware that thousands
way, it
doesn’t
hundredsmerely
of jobs.
eliminate
As morethepeople
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of advantage of
trees are cut to produce managing
paper. When a
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this eco-friendly
but also reducespractice,
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organizations
and the
waste
creatingofis that it eventually
used paper is recycled to create new paper,
intensity and
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while also reducing your carbon footprints.
wastes
jobs. in landfills.
Waste Management
VARIOUS WAYS

Waste
Composting
Recovery to Energy
Incineration/Combustion
Landfills
and Recycling

Waste
Resourceto energy(WtE)
recovery is the process
processinvolves the
of taking
Throwing daily waste/garbage in the
conversion
Composting
useful
Incineration of is
discarded non-recyclable
anitems
or easyfor
anda natural
combustion waste
specific items
bio-
is a type
next
landfills is the most popularly used method
degradation
into
use. useable
disposal These
method process
heat,
discarded electricity,
that
in which takes
items
municipal
areor
organic
fuel
then
solid
of waste disposal used today. This process
through
wastes are
processed
wastes ai.e.
variety
remains
to
burned of at
extract processes.
oforplants
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This garden
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of waste disposal focuses attention on
and
soand
The energy
kitchen
process is waste
resources a renewable
and turns
eventually
or convert energy
intothem
converts
them source
nutrient-
to other as
into
burying the waste in the land. Landfills are
non-recyclable
products rich food
waste
or energy
residues and for
incan
your
thebe
gaseous plants.
used
form of over
products. and
useable
commonly found in developing countries.
over again
heat, to create
electricity it.
or fuel.
 DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN LANDFILL
AND WASTE-TO-
ENERGY PLANT
Landfills
• A landfill is a place where waste and disposable materials are
stored. Landfills in the past (also known as dumps) went
unmonitored, easily bred contamination, and attracted disease-
carrying pests.
• An engineered site where waste is isolated from the environment
below the ground or on top until it is safe and completely
degraded biologically, chemically and physically.
How Do Landfills Work?
Why Landfills are important?
• To prevent contamination of waste into the surrounding
environment, especially groundwater due to open dumping.
• Some materials can not be recycled, used for energy or
composted.
• Increasing population resulting in increase in waste
What happens to the waste in Landfill?
• Designed to bury waste in layers of soil
• Compacting the layers to reduce volume
• Slowdown of waste decomposition with minimal amounts of oxygen and moisture
• Finally covering them with soil each day so as to minimize human health and
environmental problems.
• And for careful filling, monitoring and maintenance while they are active and for up
to 30 years after they are closed
Advantages of Landfilling
• Burying can produce energy by the conversion of landfill gas i.e. methane &
CO2
• Landfill byproducts can be used as direct/ indirect fuel for combustion.
• Easy Monitoring due to specific location
• Can be reclaimed and it can be used as parks or farming land.
• All recyclable materials can be used before closing.
• Organic material can also be separated and used for compost or production
of natural gas.
Disadvantages of Landfilling
• Problems faced when poorly designed or operated.
• Areas surrounding the landfills become heavily polluted.
• Dangerous chemicals can seep into the ground water system.
• Many insects and rodents are attracted to landfills and can result in
dangerous diseases.
Waste-to-energy plant
• Waste-to-energy plants burn municipal solid waste (MSW), often called
garbage or trash, to produce steam in a boiler that is used to generate
electricity.
 DIFFERENCES
Landfill Waste-to-energy Plant
• Stores or buries waste/garbage • Burns waste/garbage
• Produces energy by the conversion • Converts waste to electricity
of landfill gas • Emits some toxic pollutions such as
• Emits methane gas mercury and dioxin
• Takes time to decompose garbage • Reduces waste volume
Composting
Composting
• it is an aerobic method (meaning that it
requires the presence of air) of decomposing
organic solid wastes. It can therefore be used
to recycle organic material which is a good
fertilizer for plants.

Compost
• Compost is rich in nutrients. It is used, for
example,
in gardens, landscaping, horticulture, urban
agriculture and organic farming.
How does it work?
Backyard Composting and
Compost Bin needs
Composting keeps food waste out of landfills
RECYCLING
WHAT IS RECYCLING?

It is the procedure in which you process used materials and

use them to make new products in an effort to keep the
environment healthy and pollution-free.
WHAT ARE THE THINGS TO BE
RECYCLED?

• Paper • Glass
• Plastic • Textiles
• Scrap • Electronics
• Metals
 RECYCLING, COMPOSTING AND
OTHER FOOD MANAGEMENT TRENDS
SPECIFIC TO 2015-2018 ACCORDING
TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
Included in the generation number are the 93.9 million tons of MSW recycled
and composted and an additional 17.7 million tons of other food management in
2018. The following provides a detailed breakdown of the numbers:

➢ 69 million tons of MSW were recycled in 2018, a 2.2 percent

increase from the 67.6 million tons recycled in 2015.

➢ There was an increase from 23.4 million to 24.9 million tons of

food and yard trimmings composted between 2015 and 2018.

➢ The recycling rate (including composting) was 32.1 percent in

2018, down from 34.7 percent in 2015.
The per capital rates in 2018 were:

❖ 1.16 pounds per person per day for

recycling.

❖ 0.42 pounds per person per day for composting.

❖ 0.30 pounds per person per day for other food

management.
Listed here are the recycling or composting rates for three categories
of materials, including paper and paperboard, yard trimmings, and
food:

▪ In 2018, the rate of paper and paperboard recycling was 68.2 percent
(46.0 million tons), up from 65.9 percent in 2017 (44.2 million tons),
and up from 42.8 percent in 2000.
▪ The rate of yard trimmings composted in 2018 was 63 percent (22.3
million tons), down from 69.4 percent (24.4 million tons) in 2017.
The rate of yard trimmings composted in 2000 was 51.7 percent.
▪ In 2018, the rate of food and other MSW organics composting was
4.1 percent (2.6 million tons). Although this is down from 6.3 percent
in 2017, the tons composted remained the same between 2017 and
2018 (2.6 million tons). Due to a change in methodology, there was
an increase in the wasted food generation estimate between 2017 and
2018, which results in a lower composting rate even though the tons
composted remained the same from 2017 to 2018. The rate of food
composting was 2.2 percent in the year 2000 (.7 million tons).
 STATISTICS OF RECYCLING ING
THE PHILIPPINES

The household is the major source of waste in the

Philippines at 74%. Moreover, of the total solid
waste generated from households, 95% can still be
reused or recycled (43%), or turned into compost
(52%).
 LAWS RELATED TO RECYCLING
Republic Act No. 9003 otherwise known as the “Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000, enacted on January 26, 2001, aims to address the
growing problem on solid wastes in the country.
✓ It provides the legal framework for the country’s systematic,
comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program that
shall ensure protection of public health and the environment.
✓ It also provides for the necessary institutional mechanisms with the
creation of the National Solid Waste Management Commission
(NSWMC) which shall oversee the implementation of solid waste
management plans and prescribe policies as well as incentives to achieve
objectives of the Act.
Process of recycling
Recycling
RELEVANCE OF
RECYCLING
WASTES
Relevance

1. Conserving natural resources

o Recycling paper and wood

o Recycling plastic
o Recycling metals
o Recycling glass

2. Protecting ecosystems and

wildlife
Relevance

3. Reducing demand for raw materials

4. Saving energy

o 1 recycled tin can would save enough energy to power a television

for 3 hours.

o 1 recycled glass bottle would save enough energy to power a

computer for 25 minutes.

o 1 recycled plastic bottle would save enough energy to power a 60-

watt light bulb for 3 hours.

o 70% less energy is required to recycle paper compared with

making it from raw materials
Relevance

5. Cutting climate-changing carbon

emissions

6. Cheaper than waste collection and

disposal

7. Creating jobs
Recycling is important
to both, natural
environment and us.
REGULATIONS ON
TRANSPORTING
TOXIC WASTES
TOXIC WASTES
substances deemed unsafe for commercial, industrial,
agricultural or economic usage

also refer to by-products , side-products, process residues, spent

reaction media, contaminated plant or equipment or other
substances that present risks and injury
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

IGNITABILITY CORROSIVITY TOXICITY REACTIVITY

1983
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) reported an astonishing statistic-a shipment of toxic
waste crosses a national frontier approximately once every five
minutes, 365 days a year

1986 -1988
the industrialized nations shipped over three million tons of
hazardous waste to the Third World. Businesses have powerful
economic and legal incentives to dump their hazardous wastes in
developing countries.
INCENTIVES
➢severe regulations covering domestic hazardous waste
disposal
➢a greater cost of legal disposal of toxic waste within the nation
of origin than the cost of transportation to and disposal in a
developing nation
➢a shortage of adequate disposal sites within the industrialized
nation and;
➢ the lack of hazardous waste disposal regulations in Third
World nations.
1972
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in
Stockholm (Stockholm Convention)

1989
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements
of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (Basel Convention)
➢ industrialized nations' attitudes, positions, and
international negotiations have changed dramatically
• Developing nations that once accepted the dumping of
industrialized nations' toxic wastes are now strongly opposed to
the importation of hazardous wastes

• Industrialized nations have recognized the moral, political, and

environmental implications of exporting toxic wastes to
developing nations

• It appears that the industrialized and developing nations have

reached an impasse. Many nations agree that the Basel
Convention will be the most far reaching and comprehensive
international agreement to date
1990 : R.A. 6969
• The Republic Act 6969 otherwise known as “Toxic Substances and
Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990”
• to protect the public and the environment from the risk or potential
dangers in the use or exposure to chemicals from long term damage
brought about by careless handling or disposal of hazardous wastes;
and
• to regulate the use, movement and disposal of chemicals, hazardous
and nuclear wastes in the country
• Violators are subjected to fines, imprisonment, dismissal from office,
confiscation and forfeiture of chemical substances and mixtures; and
deportation and barred from entry into the Philippines (foreigner)
1992 : DENR Administrative Order No. 29
CHAPTER VII

• Section 27. WASTE TRANSPORTER

• No transport of hazardous waste shall be allowed unless prior
permit is secured from the Department (accompanied by a
prescribed payment)
• The Department shall maintain a register of waste transporters.
A waste generator shall only use waste transporters duly
authorized by the Department to transport hazardous wastes
Section 28. WASTE TRANSPORT RECORD
• the name and address of the waste generator
• the name of the waste transporter used to transport a load of
hazardous wastes
• the registration number of the waste transport vehicle
• the waste treatment license of the waste transporter
• the description of the hazardous waste transporter including its class
• the quantity of the hazardous waste transported
• the type of container used during the transport
• the name and address of transit points and the final destination of the
hazardous waste and
• the intended method of hazardous waste treatment, storage, export,
recycling, processing, reprocessing or disposal at the destination
Countries Shipping Dangerous
Hazardous Wastes
Risk in shipping Hazardous wastes
What is hazardous waste?
• Dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment
• Example
• commercial products
• by-products of manufacturing processes
• Not all hazardous wastes that are managed in the United States
originate in this country
Characteristic hazardous wastes

• Ignitability
• Reactivity
• Corrosivity
• Toxicity
Why is hazardous waste shipped overseas?
Industrialized nations export a significant amount of their
hazardous wastes abroad for disposal
Impacts Of The Global Waste Trade
• Effects upon the environment
• The hazardous waste trade has disastrous effects upon the environment and
natural ecosystems
• Implications for human health
• The hazardous waste trade has serious damaging effects upon the health of
humans
 Thank You REPORTERS

CAUILAN, ADRIANNE KARL C. RIVERA, JERRY MAR ALDRICH P.

CORPUZ, JOHN MARK P. ROMUALDO, KENNETH C.
CRUZ, LEANDRO MEYNARD R. SOMERA, PAOLO D.
DE VERA, MARK NOREN U. SUNIEGA, DEINEL JAVEN A.
ELBANBUENA, BRENT JOHN P. TANGLAO, PAUL JOSHUA C.
FLORES, GERSON V. BAJADO, IRISH JOY A.
PEÑARANDA, LEXTHER JHON D. CONTI, GLEANNE MAE T.
PERALTA, HANS CHRISTIAN E.