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Dalton's Atomic Theory:: Electromagnetism

Atomic theory defines the nature and behavior of matter. It began as a philosophical concept and entered the scientific mainstream in the 19th century through discoveries showing matter is composed of atoms. Atoms were originally thought to be indivisible, but experiments revealed atoms contain subatomic particles. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1909 demonstrated atoms have a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons, establishing the Rutherford atomic model. Dalton's atomic theory proposed atoms are indivisible, identical for each element but different between elements, and compounds form through atoms combining in simple ratios.

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46 views

Dalton's Atomic Theory:: Electromagnetism

Atomic theory defines the nature and behavior of matter. It began as a philosophical concept and entered the scientific mainstream in the 19th century through discoveries showing matter is composed of atoms. Atoms were originally thought to be indivisible, but experiments revealed atoms contain subatomic particles. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1909 demonstrated atoms have a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons, establishing the Rutherford atomic model. Dalton's atomic theory proposed atoms are indivisible, identical for each element but different between elements, and compounds form through atoms combining in simple ratios.

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aldrin tinong
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Atomic theory is the scientific theory which defines 

the nature and behavior of  matter. Matter is


composed of different units known as atoms. It started as a philosophical concept in ancient period
and entered to science mainstream in the early 19th century.  Several discoveries in chemistry field
showed that matter did behave as if it were made up of atoms.

The word atom comes from Ancient Greek word “atoms” which means uncuttable. In the 19th
century chemists started using the term in connection with the growing number of chemical elements
that are irreducible. In the 20 century, through several experiments with radioactivity
and electromagnetism. Scientists discovered that uncuttable atoms is a mixture of several subatomic
particles which exists separately from each other. At a certain extreme environment, neutron stars,
extreme pressure and temperature prevents these uncuttable atoms from existing. As atoms were
found to be divisible, physicists invented a term, “elementary particles”.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory:


According to Dalton’s atomic Theory,

1. Every chemical element is composed up of small particles that are indivisible and cannot be
seen by the naked eye are defined as atoms.
2. Atoms are indestructible as ” atoms can neither be created nor destroyed.”
3. All the atoms of an element are identical in mass and other properties while atoms of one
element differ from all the other elements. For Example- Silver and Gold have different
atomic masses and different properties.
4. Compounds are formed by a combination of different elements in a simple numerical ratio.
5. Any chemical reaction is an arrangement of atoms

Rutherford Atomic Theory: 

According to the Rutherford atomic theory, an atom is the most empty space with electrons having a
fixed orbit and positively charged nucleus. Ernest Rutherford has a native in New Zealand and
worked at University of Manchester in England in early 1900s. He spent most of his academic career
in researching for radioactivity. He won the Nobel Prize for his discoveries for radioactivity in 1908.
After this, he started developing the atom model.
In 1909, Rutherford started his famous gold foil experiment in which his colleague Hans Geiger
bombarded a small piece of gold foil with positively charged alpha particles. In this experiment, they
were expecting those particles to travel straight through the foil. There were many alpha particles
that ricocheted off the foil which suggest that there was something very positive that these particles
were colliding with. Both of them named the positive force as nucleus and based on this the
Rutherford model was created.
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