Hip Joint

muscle origin insertion nerve action

Iliopsoas Muscle Iliac fossa, anterior Lesser trochanter Iliacus portion: Hip flexion
and lateral surfaces of femoral nerve
T12 through L5 (L2, L3)
Psoas major portion:
L2 and L3

Rectus Femoris Anterior inferior iliac Tibial tuberosity Femoral nerve Hip flexion,
spine (L2, L3,L4) knee extension

Sartorius Muscle Anterior superior Proximal medial Femoral nerve Combination of hip
iliac spine aspect of tibia (L2, L3) flexion, abduction,
lateral rotation, and
knee flexion

Pectineus Muscle Superior ramus of Pectineal line of Femoral nerve Hip flexion and
pubis femur (L2, L3, L4) adduction

Adductor Longus Pubis Middle third of the Obturator nerve Hip adduction
Muscle linea aspera (L3, L4)

Adductor Brevis Pubic Pectineal line and Obturator nerve Hip adduction
Muscle proximal linea aspera (L3, L4)

Adductor Magnus Ischium and pubis Entire linea aspera Obturator and sciatic Hip adduction
Muscle and adductor tubercle nerve (L3, L4)

Gracilis Muscle Pubis Anterior medial Obturator nerve Hip adduction

surface of proximal (L2, L3)
end of tibia

Gluteus Maximus Posterior sacrum and Posterior femur distal Inferior gluteal nerve Hip extension,
Muscle ilium to greater trochanter (L5, S1, S2) hyperextension,
and to iliotibial band lateral rotation

Deep Rotator Posterior sacrum, Greater trochanter Obturator externus: Hip lateral rotation
Muscles ischium, pubis area Obturator nerve
Obturator internus:
Nerve to obturator
internus
Quadratus femoris:
Nerve to quadratus
femoris
Piriformis:​ S1, S2
segments
Gemellus superior:
Nerve to obturator
internus
Gemmellus inferior:
Nerve to quadratus
femoris
Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Posterior surface of Sciatic nerve Extend hip and
Muscle medial condyle of (L5, S1, S2) flex knee
tibia

Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Anteromedial surface Sciatic nerve Extend hip and
Muscle of proximal tibia (L5, S1, S2) flex knee

Biceps Femoris Long head: Fibular head Long head:​ Sciatic Long head:​ extend
Ischial tuberosity nerve (S1, S2, S3) hip and flex knee

Short head​: lateral Short head:​ common Short head:

lip of linea aspera peroneal nerve flex knee
(L5, S1, S2)

Gluteus Medius Outer surface of the Lateral surface of the Superior gluteal Hip abduction
Muscle ilium greater trochanter nerve
(L4, L5, S1)

Gluteus Minimus Lateral ilium Anterior surface of Superior gluteal Hip abduction,
Muscle the greater trochanter nerve (L54, L5, S1) medial rotation

Tensor Fascia Latae Anterior superior Lateral condyle of Superior gluteal Combined hip flexion
Muscle iliac spine tibia nerve (L4, L5) and abduction
 Knee Joint

muscle origin insertion nerve action

Rectus Femoris Anterior Inferior Iliac Tibial tuberosity via Femoral nerve Hip flexion,
Muscle Spine (AIIS) patellar tendon (L2, L3, L4) knee extension

Vastus Lateralis Linea aspera Tibial tuberosity via Femoral nerve Knee extension
Muscle patellar tendon (L2, L3, L4)

Vastus Medialis Linea aspera Tibial tuberosity via Femoral nerve Knee extension
Muscle patellar tendon (L2, L3, L4)

Vastus Intermedialis Tibial tuberosity via Tibial tuberosity via Femoral nerve Knee extension
Muscle patellar tendon patellar tendon (L2, L3, L4)

Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Posterior surface of Sciatic nerve Extend hip and
Muscle medial condyle of (L5, S1, S2) flex knee
tibia

Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Anteromedial surface Sciatic nerve Extend hip and
Muscle of proximal tibia (L5, S1, S2) flex knee

Biceps Femoris Long head: Fibular head Long head:​ Sciatic Long head:​ extend
Muscle Ischial tuberosity nerve (S1, S2, S3) hip and flex knee

Short head: Short head:​ common Short head:

lateral lip of linea peroneal nerve flex knee
aspera (L5, S1, S2)

Popliteus Muscle Lateral condyle of Posterior medial Tibial nerve Initiates knee flexion
femur condyle of tibia (L4, L5, S1)

Gastrocnemius Medial and lateral Posterior calcaneus Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Knee flexion, ankle
Muscle condyles of femur plantar flexion
 Ankle Joint and Foot

muscle origin insertion nerve action

Gastrocnemius Medial and lateral Posterior calcaneus Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Knee flexion, ankle
Muscle condyles of femur plantar flexion

Soleus Muscle Posterior tibia and Posterior calcaneus Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Ankle plantar flexion
fibula

Plantaris Muscle Posterior lateral Posterior calcaneus Tibial nerve Very weak assist in
condyle of femur (L4,L5, S1) knee flexion and
ankle plantar flexion

Tibialis Posterior Interosseous Navicular and most Tibial nerve (L5, S1) Ankle inversion,
Muscle membrane, adjacent tarsals and assists in plantar
tibia and fibula metatarsals flexion

Flexor Hallucis Posterior fibula and Distal phalanx of the Tibial nerve Flexes great toe;
Longus Muscle interosseous great toe (L5, S1, S2) assists in inversion
membrane and plantar flexion of
the ankle

Flexor Digitorum Posterior tibia Distal phalanx of four Tibial nerve (L5, S1) Flexes the four lesser
Longus Muscle lesser toes toes; assists in
inversion and plantar
flexion of the ankle

Tibialis Anterior Lateral tibia and First cuneiform and Deep peroneal nerve Ankle inversion and
Muscle interosseous first metatarsal (L4, L5, S1) dorsiflexion
membrane

Extensor Hallucis Fibula and Distal phalanx of Deep peroneal nerve Extends first toe;
Longus Muscle interosseous great toe (L4, L5, S1) assists in ankle
membrane inversion and
dorsiflexion

Extensor Digitorum Fibula, interosseous Distal phalanx of four Deep peroneal nerve Extends four lesser
Longus Muscle membrane, tibia lesser toes (L4, L5, S1) toes, assisted in ankle
dorsiflexion

Peroneus Longus Lateral proximal Plantar surface of Superficial peroneal Ankle eversion;
Muscle fibula and first cuneiform and nerve (L4, L5, S1) assists in ankle
interosseous metatarsal plantar flexion
membrane

Peroneus Brevis Lateral distal fibula Base of fifth Superficial peroneal Ankle eversion;
Muscle metatarsal nerve (L4, L5, S1) assists in plantar
flexion

Peroneus Tertius Distal medial fibula Base of fifth Deep peroneal nerve Assists somewhat in
Muscle metatarsal (L4, L5, S1) ankle eversion and
dorsiflexion