How Infrared Motion Detector Components Work

How Infrared motion detector components work
Infrared Radiation_____________
Infrared radiation exists in the electromagnetic spectrum at a wavelength that

is longer than visible light. It cannot be seen but it can be detected. Objects
that generate heat also generate infrared radiation and those objects include
animals and the human body whose radiation is strongest at a wavelength of
9.4um. Infrared in this range will not pass through many types of material that
pass visible light such as ordinary window glass and plastic. However it will
pass through, with some attenuation, material that is opaque to visible light
such as germanium and silicon. An unprocessed silicon wafer makes a good
IR window in a weatherproof enclosure for outdoor use. It also provides
additional filtering for light in the visible range.
Pyroelectric Sensors_____________
The pyroelectric sensor is made of a crystalline material that generates a

surface electric charge when exposed to heat in the form of infrared radiation.
When the amount of radiation striking the crystal changes, the amount of
charge also changes and can then be measured with a sensitive FET device
built into the sensor. The sensor elements are sensitive to radiation over a
wide range so a filter window is added to the TO5 package to limit incomong
radiation to the 8 to 14mm range which is most sensitive to human body
radiation.
Typically, the FET source terminal pin 2 connects through a pulldown resistor
of about 100 K to ground and feeds into a two stage amplifier having signal
conditioning circuits. The amplifier is typically bandwidth limited to below 10Hz
to reject high frequency noise and is followed by a window comparator that
responds to both the positive and negative transitions of the sensor output
signal. A well filtered power source of from 3 to 15 volts should be connected
to the FET drain terminal pin 1.
The PIR325 sensor has two sensing elements connected in a voltage bucking
configuration. This arrangement cancels signals caused by vibration,
temperature changes and sunlight. A body passing in front of the sensor will
activate first one and then the other element whereas other sources will affect
both elements simultaneously and be cancelled. The radiation source must
pass across the sensor in a horizontal direction when sensor pins 1 and 2 are
on a horizontal plane so that the elements are sequentially exposed to the IR
source. A focusing device is usually used in front of the sensor
The figure below shows the PIR325 electrical specifications and layout in its
TO5 package. Note the wide viewing angle without an external lens.
This is a typical application circuit that drives a relay. R10 and C6 adjust the
amount of time that RY1 remains energized after motion is detected.
Download PDF drawing.
Fresnel Lens_____________
A Fresnel lens (pronounced Frennel) is a Plano Convex lens that has been
collapsed on itself to form a flat lens that retains its optical characteristics but
is much smaller in thickness and therefore has less absorption losses.
Our FL65 Fresnel lens is made of an infrared transmitting material that has an
IR transmission range of 8 to 14um which is most sensitive to human body
radiation. It is designed to have its grooves facing the IR sensing element so
that a smooth surface is presented to the subject side of the lens which is
usually the outside of an enclosure that houses the sensor.
The lens element is round with a diameter of 1 inch and has a flange that is
1.5 inches square. This flange is used for mounting the lens in a suitable
frame or enclosure. Mounting can best and most easily be done with strips of
Scotch tape. Silicone rubber can also be used if it overlaps the edges to form
a captive mount. There is no known adhesive that will bond to the lens
material.
The FL65 has a focal length of 0.65 inches from the lens to the sensing
element. It has been determined by experiment to have a field of view of
approximately 10 degrees when used with a PIR325 Pyroelectric sensor.
This relatively inexpensive and easy to use Pyroelectric Sensor and Fresnel
Lens can be used in a variety of science projects, robots and other useful
devices.

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How Infrared Motion Detector Components Work

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How Infrared motion detector components work

Infrared radiation exists in the electromagnetic spectrum at a wavelength that

The pyroelectric sensor is made of a crystalline material that generates a

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