Airlines Reservation System

A STUDY ON
“AIRLINES RESERVATION SYSTEM”

ABSTRACT
Airline Reservation Systems (ARS) used to be standalone systems. Each airline had its own
system, disconnected from other airlines or ticket agents, and usable only by a designated number
of airline employees. Travel agents in the 1970s pushed for access to the airlines' systems. Today,
air travel information is linked, stored, and retrieved by a network of Computer Reservations
Systems (CRS), accessible by multiple airlines and travel agents. The global distribution system
(GDS) makes for an even larger web of airline information, not only merging the buying and
selling of tickets for multiple airlines, but also making the systems accessible to consumers
directly. GDS portals and gateways on the Web allow consumers to purchase tickets directly,
select seats, and even book hotels and rental cars.
Airline Reservation System (ARS) in conjunction with Global Distribution System (GDS) has led
to ease of airline ticketing, flight scheduling and also provided a means for customers to access
and book flights from their homes. It has also increased the speed with which information about
customers are retrieved and handled for flight scheduling tasks.

INDEX
Sr. No. Table OF Content Page No
1.) Project name and description 4
2.) Profile OF The Problem 5
3.) Existing System 6-7

a.) Introduction
b.) Existing Software
c.) What’s new in the system to be developed?
4.) Problem Analysis 8-10
a.) Product Definition
b.) Feasibility Analysis
c.) Project Plan
5.) Software Requirement Analysis 10-11
a.) Introduction
b.) Specific Requirement
6.) Design 11-20
a.) System Design
b.) Detailed Design

7.) Testing 20
a.) Functional Testing
b.) Structural Testing
c.) Levels of testing
d.) Testing of the Project
8.) implementation 24
a.) Implementation of the project

9.) User Manual 27
a.) The complete guide for the project
developed
10.) Source code 27
11.) bibliography 40
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1. Project Name and Description
AIRLINES RESERVATION SYSTEM
The Airline Reservations System (ARS) was one of the earliest changes to improve efficiency.

ARS eventually evolved into the Computer Reservations System (CRS). A Computer
Reservation System is used for the reservations of a particular airline and interfaces with
a Global Distribution System (GDS) which supports travel agencies and other distribution
channels in making reservations for most major airlines in a single system.
Airline Reservations Systems contain airline schedules, fare tariffs, passenger reservations
and ticket records. An airline's direct distribution works within their own reservation system, as
well as pushing out information to the GDS. A second type of direct distribution channel are
consumers who use the internet or mobile applications to make their own reservations.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
An airline’s inventory contains all flights with their available seats. The inventory of an airline is
generally divided into service classes (e.g. First, Business or Economy class) and up to 26
booking classes, for which different prices and booking conditions apply. Inventory data is
imported and maintained through a Schedule Distribution System over standardized interfaces.
One of the core functions of the inventory management is the inventory control. Inventory
control steers how many seats are available in the different booking classes, by opening and
closing individual booking classes for sale. In combination with the fares and booking conditions
stored in the Fare Quote System the price for each sold seat is determined.
DISPLAY AND RESERVATION
Users access an airline’s inventory through an
availability display. It contains all offered flights for a particular city-pair with their available
seats in the different booking classes. This display contains flights which are operated by the
airline itself as well as code share flights which are operated in co-operation with another airline.
If the city pair is not one on which the airline offers service it may display a connection using its'
own flights or display the flights of other airlines.
The availability of seats of other airlines is updated through standard industry interfaces.
Depending on the type of co-operation it supports access to the last seat (Last Seat Availability)
in real-time. Reservations for individual passengers or groups are stored in a so-called Passenger
Name Record (PNR). Among other data, the PNR contains personal information such as name,
contact information or special services requests (SSRs) .
e.g. for a vegetarian meal, as well as the flights (segments) and issued tickets. Some reservation
systems also allow to store customer data in profiles to avoid data re-entry each time a new
reservation is made for a known passenger.
Fare Quote and Ticketing
The Fares data store contains fare tariffs, rule sets, routing maps, class of service tables, and
some tax information that construct the price - "the fare". Rules like booking conditions (e.g.
minimum stay, advance purchase, etc.) are tailored differently between different city pairs or
zones, and assigned a class of service corresponding to its appropriate inventory bucket.
Inventory control can also be manipulated manually through the availability feeds, dynamically
controlling how many seats are offered for a particular price by opening and closing particular
classes.
2. Profile of the problem
The web based “airline reservation system” project is an attempt to stimulate the basic
concepts of airline reservation system. The system enables the customer to do the things such as
search for airline flights for two travel cities on a specified date, choose a flight based on the
details, reservation of flight and cancellation of reservation.
The system allows the airline passenger to search for flights that are available between the two
travel cities, namely the “Departure city” and “Arrival city” for a particular departure and arrival
dates. The system displays all the flight’s details such as flight no, name, price and duration of
journey etc.
After search the system display list of available flights and allows customer to choose a
particular flight. Then the system checks for the availability of seats on the flight. If the seats are
available then the system allows the passenger to book a seat. Otherwise it asks the user to
choose another flight.
To book a flight the system asks the customer to enter his details such as name, address, city,
state, credit card number and contact number. Then it checks the validity of card and book the
flight and update the airline database and user database.
Disadvantages in existing system:->

 Time consuming
 Possibly of loosingdata
 Lack of security
 Difficulties in maintaining records
 Human error will be frequent
 searching the records manually leads time consuming
3. Existing System
Introduction
In the existing system all the data are stored manually to an excel sheet and filed
accordingly in a filing cabinet.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:-
a. Maintaining safe records
b. Should be easier to find for a record in the database
c. The loss of data in any corruption of any files in the system will be avoided due to any
natural case
d. Minimizing errors of the information recorded in the system while entering to the system
e. The new system should be user friendly
f. Data entry should be fast
g. There should be a method of keeping the information from unauthorized users.

Methods of data collection and input Structure of Airline :
Name:
Address:
Phnumber:
Dob:
Nic:
Passport No:
Nationality:
Destination:
Airline:
Day of Dep:
Time:
When the customer ask to book a flight at first the booking form is been filled with his/her full:->
Name, Address, National ID, Email, Address, Contact Number, Destination, Booking date
and the Retuned date as shown above the form. After that the document is been signed by the
office staff.
Exiting software
METHODOLOGIES
HARDWARE:
PROCESSOR : PENTUIUM IV 2.6 GHz
RAM : 512MB DD RAM
MONITOR : 15” COLOR
HARD DISK :250 GB
CDDRIVE : LG52X
KEYBOARD : STANDARD 102 KEYS
MOUSE :OPTICAL MOUSE
SOFTWARE:
FORNT END :JAVA,HTML,SERVLETS
BACKEND : ORACLE 10i
OPERATING SYSTEM : WINDOWS XP
DFD for Present system

What’s new in the system to be developed?
APPLICABILITY
 This project solve the problem of the traditional reservation system.
 With certain changes it can be applicable on any online reservation field.
 One of the most benefits in today’s life is that reservation can be made from any place of
the world.
 The user need not to be present the physically to draw a reservation slip. It will
automatically do by the system
ADVANTAGES

1. It easy to learn and adjust to the system
2. this system does not require the staff to be highly educated
3. the requirements to tackle this job may be limited to
4. Willing to work long hours
5. data is not easily lost
6. it easy to manage the system due to the high number of staff working
4. Problem Analysis
Product definition
1 .Plane type: This defines the physical type of the plane. It dictates the capacity of first,
executive, business and economy seats that a flight can have.
2. Airport: An airport consists of a name, the city it is in, and its airport id.
3. Flight : A flight is identified by its flightid. A flight denotes an unique “plane”, i.e. one which
is scheduled to run at a certain time, from one place to another. A flight runs over a set of routes.
4. Route: A route is simply a tuple of airports: (StartAirport,EndAirport), and every route has a

unique route id. A flight runs over a route only if it runs from the startairport to the endairport,
possibly halting in between at other airports. A route is elementary for a flight if the flight runs
nonstop from the start airport to the end airport.
5. Ticket : A ticket is uniquely identified by a ticketid. The ticket may be a passenger ticket or a
cargo ticket, and can be booked under a passenger profile or a user profile. A ticket is booked on
a flight for a route that the flight is associated with. A passenger ticket contains details about the
passenger, and a cargo ticketabout a cargo. The
6. Scheme : A scheme consists of discount percentages on various classes awarded on certain

flights, and for certain people or round trips. Scheme ids have a type code defining what they
they are valid for, and a period code showing whether they are valid as of now or no. A scheme
is defined for a flight and for a particular route.
7.Official: An official is a person who can book tickets for others, and can find retrieve the
complete list of passengers boarding a flight. An official works at an airport.
8. Profile: A profile denotes that a person has been verified to be genuine and can book tickets/
execute certain queries.
Feasibility Analysis
1. FlightRouteScheme: This is a ternary relation that says that a flight runs over a route using a
particular scheme. The scheme can be null, but not the flight id and route id. The attributes in this
include:
a. Fare for the flight between the two stops given by the route specified.
b. Any scheme valid on this flight, for this route
c. Number of booked seats on this flight, route.
d. A flag value indicating whether this is an elementary or complex route for this flight.
2. FlightRouteTicket: This ternary relation says that a ticket is booked on a certain flight over
one route that the flight allows. It has only the primary keys of each entity.
3. Profile Ticket relation: This consists of two relations: user profile related to ticket and the
official profile related to ticket. This is done to keep the user and official profiles separate and
independent from each other.
Project Plan
The plan of this project is to make a software which is:->>
 Interpreted and high performance
 Distributed
 Dynamic
 Secure
Services Reservation in Airlines Abstract:-
This Abstract report on a study about examining airlines' reservation services.
An apparatus, method, and program for determining a price of an option to purchase an airline
ticket, and for facilitating the sale & exercise of those options.
Pricing of the options may be based on departure location criteria, destination location criteria,
and travel criteria. The attributes selected for examination included….
(1) requirements of reservation services.
(2) provision of extra benefits.
(3) factors affecting reservation time.
(4) provision of additional services/facilities.
Empirical results indicated that some airlines did not provide all components in the
chosen attributes and that airlines in these regions differed significantly in certain dimensions of
the chosen attributes.
Software requirement Analysis
Introduction
Requirements analysis is critical to the success of a development project. Requirements must be

documented, actionable, measurable, testable, related to identified business needs or
opportunities, and defined to a level of detail sufficient for system design. Requirements can be
architectural, structural, behavioral, functional, and non-functional.
General Description
Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is an object-oriented computer programming language that can be

viewed as an evolution of the classic Visual Basic (VB) which is implemented on the .NET
Framework. Microsoft currently supplies two major implementations of Visual Basic: Microsoft
Visual Studio, which is commercial software and Microsoft Visual Studio Express, which is free
of charge.
Specific Requirements
 System
 Windows XP Service Pack 2 or above (for 2010 release, Service Pack 3)
 Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 or above
 Windows Server 2003 R2 or above
 Windows Vista
 Windows Server 2008
 Windows 7
 Linux with Mono (only works with .NET 2.0 applications)
 Hardware
 Minimum: 1.6 GHz CPU, 384 MB RAM, 1024×768 display, 5400 RPM hard disk
 Recommended: 2.2 GHz or higher CPU, 1024 MB or more RAM, 1280×1024
display, 7200 RPM or higher hard disk
5. Design
System Design
Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and
data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. One could see it as the application of systems
theory to product development.
There is some overlap with the disciplines of systems analysis, systems architecture and systems
engineering. If the broader topic of product development "blends the perspective of marketing,
design, and manufacturing into a single approach to product development, then design is the act
of taking the marketing information and creating the design of the product to be manufactured.
Systems design is therefore the process of defining and developing systems to satisfy specified
requirements of the user
Detailed design
Screen shots:
LOGIN Screen:-
Main menu:-
Customer add
Update
NEW ADD FLIGHT
UPDATE FLIGHT
FARE
TICKET RESERVATION
TICKET CANCEL
6. Testing
Functional Testing
Functional testing is a type of black box testing that bases its test cases on the specifications of
the software component under test. Functions are tested by feeding them input and examining the
output, and internal program structure is rarely considered (Not like in white-box testing).
Functional testing differs from system testing in that functional testing a program by checking it
against ... design document or specification", while system testing "validate a program by
checking it against the published user or system requirements.
Functional testing typically involves five steps:->
1. The identification of functions that the software is expected to perform

2. The creation of input data based on the function's specifications
3. The determination of output based on the function's specifications
4. The execution of the test case
5. The comparison of actual and expected outputs
System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a complete, integrated system to
evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the
scope of black box testing, and as such, should require no knowledge of the inner design of the
code or logic.
Structural Testing
It determines the durability and integrity of complete structures or sub-assemblies, usually in
multi-axis testing systems that replicate end use conditions. The product range extends from
single-axis component testing through to complex testing systems for the simulation of almost all
service loads affecting a vehicle or component. IST offers a wide range of modular standard
testing systems for use in the automotive industry to test car components such as suspensions and
steering systems. Alternatively, systems can be engineered to meet specific customer
requirements.
Levels of testing
1) Unit testing
2) Integration testing
3) System testing
4) User acceptance testing
1)unit testing: individual software components of appication are tested in isolation from other
part of the program.
bigban testing: individual software components of an application are combined at once into
system .every module is first init tested. Then the entire sysetm is tested for communication
interfaces between them.
bottom-up testing: in bottom-up integration testing begins from bottom of the module
hierarchy and work up to the top to simulate higher level modules .every module is first unit
tested then modules are added in acsending hierarchial order. Lower level modules are tested
first then the next set of higher level modules are tested with previuosly tested lower level
modules.
Top-down testing: begins testing from top of the module hierarchy and
work down to the bottom to simulate lower interfacing modules.every module is first unit tested
then the modules are added in descending hierarchical order. Higher level modules are tested
first then the next set of lower level modules are tested with previously tested higher level
modules.
Testing of the Project
Proofreading
Proofreading (also proof-reading) traditionally means reading a proof copy of a text in order to
detect and correct any errors. Modern proofreading often requires reading copy at earlier stages
as well.
Double Entry
In the double entry system transactions are entered twice in the accounts. For example, the same
car purchased will result an increase in the "vehicle" account and a decrease in "cash" account.
Therefore, the difference between the two is that in single entry system, transaction is entered
only once and in double entry system it is entered twice

This is to find if any errors are present in the system. To check for the errors an artificial made
database are fed to system and been checked and the errors will be verified accordingly. Two
main ways of data verifications are:-

Single Method: this is also known as proof reading method-

Typing the data twice and comparing the two database at the same time. This method is also
known as double entry method.
LITERATURE REVIEW
In the early days of American commercial aviation, passengers were relatively few, and each
airline's routes and fares were tightly regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board. These were
published in a volume entitled The Official Airline Guide, from which travel agents or consumers
could construct an itinerary, then call or telex airline staff, which would mark the reservation on a
card and file it. This manual system is still used by relatively few travel agents who do not use
ARS. As demand for air travel increased and schedules grew more complex, this process became
impractical, hence, giving rise to the need of an automated reservation system called Airline
Reservation System (ARS). (Wikipedia, 2010)
2.2 WHAT IS ARS?
Airline Reservations System (ARS) is a computerized system used to store and retrieve
information and conduct transactions related to air travel. The systems was originally designed and
operated by airlines, but were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Major ARS operations
that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as Global Distribution Systems (GDS).
Airlines have divested most of their direct holdings to dedicated GDS companies, who make their
systems accessible to consumers through Internet gateways. Modern GDSes typically allow users
to book hotel rooms and rental cars as well as airline tickets.
2.3 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (GDS)
Global Distribution Systems (GDS) are subsystems connected to Airline Reservation Systems
(ARS) which allows users access to information on flight scheduling and reservation stored in the
Airline Reservation System (ARS) database.

2.4 HISTORY OF AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM (ARS)
American Airlines was the first to establish an automated booking system in 1946. Using a system
to track information and improve efficiency was a highly appealing aim in the industry, and drew
the attention of other airlines worldwide. The system endured years of development and
alterations. Trans-Canada Airlines developed a computer-based system with remote terminals that
eventually took over operations in 1953. The same year, American Airlines worked closely with
IBM to develop an improved system, and the Airline Reservation System (ARS) and the Semi-
Automatic Business Research System (SABRE) launched thereafter in 1960. The network
completed set-up in 1964, and it was recognized as the largest data processing system in existence.
Later, other airlines invested more in research and development to launch improved systems, and
through the late 1960s and early 1970s, airlines established their own systems. United Airlines
developed the Apollo Reservation System, and shortly after allowed travel agents access. The
Apollo system was the foundation for many further developments, which spread from just US
airlines to European airlines as well. The research and development of Airline Reservation System
became a significant aspect of the industry and all its air carrier companies, and partnerships
between airlines and technology gurus emerged. (Morrison, Winston 1995)
Other airlines soon established their own systems. Delta Air Lines launched the Delta Automated
Travel Account System (DATAS) in 1968. United Airlines and Trans World Airlines followed in
1971 with the Apollo Reservation System and Programmed Airline Reservation System (PARS),
respectively. Soon, travel agents began pushing for a system that could automate their side of the
process by accessing the various ARSes directly to make reservations. Fearful this would place too
much power in the hands of agents, American Airlines executive Robert Crandall proposed
creating an industry-wide Computer Reservation System to be a central clearinghouse for U.S.
travel; other airlines demurred, citing fear of antitrust prosecution. (Wikipedia, 2010)
Airline deregulation occurred in 1978, magnifying the importance of computerized airline
reservation systems and their accessibility. During the early 1970s, as travel agents pushed for
access to reservation systems, and certain airline executives made investments for the sake of
accessing the systems of other airlines, antitrust laws came into focus. The purpose of the 1978
Airline Deregulation Act in the U.S. was to eliminate government control over commercial
aviation, and ensure competitive behavior and fair business practices in the airline industry.
Passengers could gain knowledge of market forces and new market entry in the industry.
Information on specific airlines and the industry as a whole became more widely and readily
accessible, evolving the airline reservation systems from "standalone" operations toward GDS.
(European Parliament, 2008)
Of the major types of airline reservation systems, most are linked to GDS to provide information
to travel agents, employees of other airlines, and the passengers or potential customers, directly.
The major systems include SABRE, Worldspan, Galileo, Patheo, and Abacus. American Airlines
now uses SABRE, also used by Expedia, Lastminute.com, and Travelocity. Abacus is used by
over 450 individual airlines, over 80,000 hotels, and over 25 countries in Asia. Companies like
Expedia share their system accessibility directly with consumers.Today, about six major airline
reservations systems are used by international airlines. (Winston, Clifford 1995)
2.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Airline Industry (Air Transport Industry): This is an area of commerce that uses aircraft to
transport people, cargo, and mail. The air transport industry encompasses flights of
common carriers (government-certified companies that offer cargo and passenger services
to the public) and general aviation (private aircraft used for recreation or business).
(Microsoft Encarta 2009, Microsoft Corporation)

Reservation: The written record or promise of an arrangement by which accommodations are
secured in advance. (WordWeb 5.1, WordNet Database)
System: This is any collection of component elements that work together to perform a task.
NB: In computer science, System is used in a variety of contexts. A computer System is a
hardware system consisting of a microprocessor and allied chips and circuitry, plus an
input device (keyboard, mouse, disk drive), an output device (monitor, disk drive), and
any peripheral devices (printer, modem). Within this hardware system is an operating
system, often called system software, which is an essential set of programs that manage
hardware and data files and work with application programs. External to the computer,
system also refers to any collection or combination of programs, procedures, data, and
equipment utilized in processing information: an accounting system, a billing system, a
database management system. (Microsoft Encarta 2009, Microsoft Corporation)
Deregulation: The act of freeing from regulation (especially from governmental regulations).
(WordWeb 5.1, WordNet Database)
Network: In computer science network is a system used to link two or more computers.
Network users are able to share files, printers, and other resources; send electronic
messages; and run programs on other computers. (Microsoft Encarta 2009, Microsoft
Corporation)
Computerize: To control a function, process, or creation by a computer. (WordWeb 5.1,
WordNet Database)
Real-Time: Real-time system in computer means updating information at the same rate of
receiving information.
PNR: Acronym for Passenger Number, a unique number generated automatically to exclusively
identify passengers.
Fare: The amount paid by passengers as travel fee.
Flight Code: A unique number given to individual flight (airplane) to exclusively identify the
airplane.
Concession: The act of yielding. In air travel, concession refers to other special attachment, such
as baggage and any other special case (disability or preference), during conveyance of
passengers and goods.

3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is the method of collection of data and information as a research tool.
There are two main methods of data collection. They are Primary and Secondary Data Collection
Methods. (Atabong, T. A., 2009)
3.1.1 Primary Data Collection Method
This includes information and data from existing documents such as journals, articles, periodicals,
etc. They are fixed and sometimes outdated or generally updated periodically at intervals.
3.1.2 Secondary Data Collection Method
This type of data collection is more specific. It involves gathering information on the current status
of the problem in discussion. It includes oral/personal interviews, observation and use of
questionnaires to collect and gather information and data on a particular subject. The information
and data gathered are usually up-to-date and precise.
The methodologies employed in this thesis were drawn from both secondary and primary data
collection methods these involve articles and periodicals collected from Internet and observation
and personal interview. Visits were made to some air travel agencies and personal interviews were
conducted with top management staff of these agencies. Agencies visited include, Aero
Contractors, NimiAir Nigeria and TarilaTravels Nigeria Limited.

CHAPTER -2
COMPANY PROFILE
&
INDUSTRY PROFILE
COMPANY PROFILE
HCL INFOSYSTEMS LTD.
HCL Info systems are India’s premier information enabling company. Leveraging its 3
decades of expertise in total technology solutions, HCL Info systems offers value-added services
in key areas such as system integration, networking consultancy and a wide range of support
services.
HCL Info systems is among the leading players in all the segments comprising the domestic IT
products, solutions and related services, which include PCs, Servers, Office Automation,
Networking Products, TV and FM Broadcasting solutions, communication solutions, System
Integration, Digital lifestyle Solutions and Peripherals.
HCL has direct sales, channel sales and retail sales network pan India. Continuously meeting the
ever increasing customer expectations and applications, its focus on integrated enterprise
solutions has strengthened the HCL Info systems’ capabilities in supporting installation types
ranging from single to large, multi-location, multi-vendor & multi-platform spread across India.
HCL Info systems, today has a direct support force of over 2800+ members, is operational at
360+ locations across the country and is the largest such human resource of its kind in the IT
business in India. HCL Info systems has pan India presence across metros and non-metros.
HCL Info systems’ manufacturing facilities are ISO 9001-2000 & ISO 14001 certified and
adhere to stringent quality standards and global processes. With the largest installed PC base in
the country, four indigenously developed and manufactured PC brands – ‘Infiniti’, ‘Busy bee’,
‘Beanstalk’ and ‘Ezeebee’ – and its robust manufacturing facilities. HCL Info systems aims to
further leverage its dominance in the PC market. It has been consistently rated as top player in
PC industry by IDC.
The ‘Infiniti’ line of business computing products is incorporated with leading edge products
from world leaders such as Intel. Constant innovation to meet the customized requirements of its
customers has enabled HCL to create the trusted ICT infrastructure platforms, powerful value
adds like HCL Embedded Control & Continuity (HCL EC2) technology and the future
generation of digital lifestyle enablers.
The office Automation segment has strategic alliances with industry leaders to provide services
in various domains which include Audio Video system integration solutions, broadcasting
solutions, imaging products and solutions. The company has strategic alliances with world
leaders for voice and video conferencing solutions. TV and FM Broadcasting solutions and for
imaging products and solutions to provide documentation products like copiers, MFDs,
Duprinters, laser printers and large format printers.
The channel Business of HCL Info systems has an extensive network of over 3000+ resellers
across 800 locations. It has actively promoted the penetration of PCs in the home and the small
office/home office (SOHO) segments.
HCL Infinity Ltd, 100% owned subsidiary of HCL Info systems Ltd. is a class A ISP focusing on
providing the corporate networking services like Virtual Private Network. Broadband Internet
Access, Internet Telephony Hosting and Co-location services designing and deploying Disaster
Recovery Solutions & Business Continuity solutions, Application services, Managed security
services & NOC services over its state-of-the-art IP/MPLS network and end-to-end contact
centre solutions.
Vision
To become a Total Quality Institute and contribute effectively towards national development in
the era of rapidly changing global economy and ensure prosperity for the mankind at large.
Mission
The Institute will strive hard to train human beings to become dynamic, committed & self-
motivated Total Quality Professionals of very high intrinsic value, technically sound,
emotionally balanced, spiritually high, socially sensitive having responsibility, accountability &
self-esteem in partnership with parents, corporate, academics & government to meet the rapidly
changing multi-dimensional and multi-spherical futuristic challenges of the contemporary world.
HCL
 value centric and not volume centric
 believe in ‘Employee First’
 believe in listening
 believe in trust, transparency and flexibility
 believe that my relationship would sustain purely based on the value I deliver to my
customers
 the most hungry team in the IT landscape today .

 Founder of HCL, born in Tamil Nadu.
 Started HCL in 1976.
 An electrical engineer from Coimbatore
 Worked with Cooper Engineering as a systems analyst and as a senior management

trainee at DCM in 1968
 Started microcomputer with 5 other partners in 1975.

The beginning……..
 Begin with
calculators
 Launched first
microcomputer in
1977
 Started
diversified appl.
Development.
TIMELINE
1976
Hindustan Computers Limited (HCL) born.
1977
Distribution alliance formed with Toshiba for copiers.
1978
HCL successfully ships in-house designed micro-computer at the same time as Apple.
The Indian Computer Industry is born.
1980
HCL Introduces bit sliced, 16-bit processor based micro-computer.
1983
Indigenously develops an RDBMS, a Networking OS and a Client Server architecture, at
the same time as global IT peers.
1986
HCL becomes the largest IT Company in India.
1988
HCL introduces fine grained multi-processor Unix-3 years ahead of “Sun” and “HP”.
1990
Data Quest marks HCL no. 1 amongst Top Ten computer giants.
1991
HCL Ltd. And Hewlett Packard, USA, partner to form HCL-Hewlett Packard Ltd.
JV develops multi-processor UNIX for HP-heralds HCL’s entry into contract R&D.
1994
Distribution alliances formed with Ericsson Switches and Nokia Cell Phones.
1997 HCL Info systems is formed.
HCL’s R&D spun-off as HCL Technologies- marks advent into software services.
JV with Perot Systems, stake divested in 2003.
1999
Initial Public Offering made by HCL Technologies Ltd.
Formation of Global Board of Directors.
2000
Large Contracts won from Bankers Trust, KLA Tencor, Cisco, GTech, NEC among
Others.
2001
JV with Deutsche Bank- DSL software formed.
HCL BPO Incorporated.
Acquired British Telecom’s Apollo’s contact centre in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
HCL Info systems become largest Hardware company.
2002
Strong pursuit of nonlinear strategy to widen services portfolio; several JVs and alliances
formed.
Strategic alliance forged with Jones Apparel Group, Inc. a fortune 500 company.
Infrastructure services division launched to address emerging global needs.
Software businesses of HCL Info systems and HCL Technologies merged.
2003
Largest BPO order ever outsourced to an Indian BPO firm, won from British Telecom.
Landmark deals signed with Airbus and AMD.
HCL manpower crosses the 20,000 mark.
2004
Accorded leader status by Meta Group in Offshore Outsourcing.
HCL is India’s No. 1 PC 4th year in a row.
2005
HCL signs Software Development Agreement with Boeing for the 787 Dreamliner
program.
JV with NEC, Japan.
HCL integrates all group employees under hcl.in domain.
2006
75,000+ machines produced in a single month.

HCL Info systems in partnership with Toshiba expands its retail presence in India by
Unveiling ‘shop Toshiba’.
HCL Info systems & Nokia announce a long term distribution strategy.
HCL Info systems showcase Computer Solutions for the Rural Markets in India.
ADVANTAGE HCL:
 TOUCHING LIVES 01:-
From aeronautics to life sciences, HCL touches millions of people through technology
across the world every day.
FUTURE PROOFING THE WORLD 02:-

One of the pioneers in modern computing, our expertise spans globally and we make a
difference. Outcome-based pricing, multi-service delivery and the creation of new services like
Remote Infrastructure Management and Enterprise Transformation Services.
 PIONEERING HERITEDGE 03:-
We are proud of our pioneering heritage in India and take forward the pioneering spirit to all our
ventures
- Notebooks,
INTEGRATING SYSTEMS FOR THE FUTURE:
1) Telecom:
The Telecom industry is today laying the backbone of a ubiquitous network with the
potential of connecting every device on the planet. It requires diverse technologies to be
brought together, interconnected on one network, offering an anytime anywhere services
that is changing the way the world lives. At HCL the solutions we provide to our clients
include: operation support services ("OSS"); business support systems ("BSS"); next
generation networks ("NGN");security; embedded solutions; switching, signalling,
transmission and access solutions; network design and mobility solutions. HCL's
Telecom SI practice works on the cutting edge of the technology, we have deployed
projects based on WiMax , 3G,IPTV,MPLS ,and broadband services technology. The
solutions we have deployed have enabled high speed wireless access to urban and rural
customers, MPLS backbone for the defence sector and convergent billing solution for
telecom service providers.
2) BFSI
Our portfolio of solutions to the Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (“BFSI”)
sector includes infrastructure components software products and professional services.
HCL is the preferred partner to many of the major banks and insurance companies. HCL
provide a range of solutions including MIS, BI and Data Warehousing, Compliance
solutions, Mobile Banking, ATM and Self-Service Solutions, MICR and Cheque
Transaction, Core Insurance Applications Payment hub and Financial Inclusion
Solutions. These Solutions are based on flexible component based architecture.
OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRY
The Indian IT industry is undoubtedly, a shining jewel in the country’s crown. The
achievements of our IT companies have earned us the respect of the most developed nations of
the world. The skills, ingenuity, dedication and drive of our young IT professionals are
acknowledged worldwide. Today, there will hardly be a company of any stature anywhere in
the globe where Indian IT professionals are not making a stellar contribution.
However, most of the growth in IT has been in the software services and support segment. If
we are going to continue our thrust and growth in the IT industry, it is imperative that we
develop a robust hardware industry and emerge as an important destination for high end
product development. While software development has been the more visible face of our IT
industry, we cannot deny the fact that ultimately it is ‘hardware’ that runs the ‘software’. While
‘hardware’ is of no use without software, the converse is also equally true.
The development of a vibrant ‘hardware’ industry in India has been lagging behind on account
of various factors. The underlying fact is simple. Unless companies are able to manufacture
products that can compete with the world’s best in quality and unless they manufacture in
volumes that make them cost efficient and globally competitive, they will not survive. A major
bottleneck in the development of the ‘hardware’ industry has been the lack of a strong local
component industry. It is my humble suggestion that the government, both at national and state
levels do everything in their power to promote such industries so that by the end of this decade,
we can have a strong and world-class component industry.
we have a long way to go to catch up with Taiwan or China or even Malaysia, but I believe
with the right encouragement we can develop a strong ‘hardware’ industry. I must make a point
here about the viability of ‘hardware’ as an industry in India. It is myth that the ‘hardware’
business is not profitable. This point of view has been largely perpetrated on account of the
large number of players who made half hearted or weak attempts to enter this business.
To be a success in the hardware business requires both vision and grit. I often give the
example of company D-Link (India) which, starting out as a small manufacturer of modems
has grown to become a Rs. 2 billion company with a product range that extends from
modems to routers. But success has not come easy. We have made massive investments in
both plant and people and have spared no effort in getting the best of equipment and talent.
More importantly, we have set up a strong R&D backbone to support our manufacturing.
Which brings me to the next point: the importance of R&D?
Technology in the IT space changes very rapidly. Technological obsolescence is not just a
‘cliché’- it has thrown strong companies out of business. In this scenario, the importance of
R&D can hardly be over emphasized. It is vital that those who venture into ‘hardware’ industry
are seized of this fact. Only through strong R&D can manufacturers ensure continuous product
improvements and keep their offerings truly ‘state-of-the-art’.
Over a period of time, with a strong R&D base, Indian companies can look forward to
developing innovative products and own Intellectual Property Rights (IPR’s) on such products.
I dream of the day, and I believe it’s not too far away, when technology for products
developed by Indian companies would be licensed to global manufacturers as well as
innovative products manufactured by Indian companies would be available worldwide.
The state of our hardware industry and R&D infrastructure is quite the same as that of the
software industry a couple of decades ago. Visionaries like Narayanmurthy and Azim Premji
have shown that we have the potential to achieve global stature in a business. Extending our
sights a little further, we have seen how a Ranbaxy or Dr. Reddy’s have got recognition for
Indian R&D in the Pharma industry. There is no reason, therefore, why we can’t develop a
strong R&D base in the IT industry as well.
The development of a strong hardware industry base would also go a long way in increasing
the IT penetration in our country, which is still very low.
I do believe that we have all the elements to become a significant player in both IT hardware
as well as R&D. As IT penetration increases, as organizations across the country network, as
we build more robust IT backbones in various spheres of our activity, we will need more and
more hardware. Rather than be totally dependent on imports, we need to have a thriving
component and hardware industry backed by strong R&D. Along with our strength in software
services, it will provide another cornerstone towards India truly becoming a global IT
superpower.
In India, laments Raj Saraf, chairman and managing director of Zenith Computers, there are a
lot of restrictions for the hardware industry. “The software industry has grown in leaps and
bounds simply because there have been no restrictions. On the other hand, even if I do
manufacture in an SEZ in India, I cannot sell my products in the domestic market.
The government says everything should be exported. But it should realize that the industry will
always flock to an area where there are least restrictions.” The government can also take a cue
from the fact that if the industry is allowed to grow to three times the size it currently is today, it
can earn more tax from its revenues.
The manufacturing industry in India also suffers from a lack of proper environmental standards.
With environmental concerns mainly ignored or casually overlooked by Indian corporate, MNCs
desist from setting up manufacturing bases here since there is no compliance with ISO 14000
standards, which deal with environmental issues.
On the design front too, there are lots of opportunities left to be explored. Design exports are a
$7 billion opportunity in areas like embedded systems and wireless telecommunications. While
Indian firms do some work on hardware design exports, many unfortunately show this as
software exports to avoid tax. Fact is, some experts say a robust design sector could play a huge
role in bringing down PC prices too a significant reason why PC penetration remains low in
India. For example, on a CPU that costs $150, the material cost is not even $4. Adds Deshpande,
“If we can get a design, like say a PII, made either by ourselves or if we can get the government
to buy out a design and start manufacturing here this would bring costs down substantially in
PCs.”
PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION
HCL Info systems are no flash in the Information Technology pan. Founded in 1976, the
firm has climbed into pantheon of India's corporate giants on the strength of its IT products and
services. HCL Info systems specializes in IT hardware (PC's and servers, as well as networking,
imaging and communications products), and system integration services serving the domestic
Indian market. In addition to its consumer products, the company provides commercial IT
products, facilities management, network services, and IT security services for clients in such
industries as government, financial services, and education. HCL Corporation owns significant
stakes in HCL Info systems (about 44%) and sister company HCL Technologies.
HCL Info systems Ltd, a listed subsidiary of HCL, are an India-based hardware and systems integrator. It
claims a presence in 170 locations and 300 service centres. Its manufacturing facilities are based in
Chennai, Pondicherry and Uttarakhand .Its headquarters is in Noida.
HCL Peripherals (A Unit of HCL Info systems Limited) Founded in the year 1983, has established itself
as a leading manufacturer of computer peripherals in India, encompassing Display Products, Thin Client
solutions, Information and Interactive Kiosks. HCL Peripherals has two Manufacturing facilities, one in
Pondicherry (Electronics) and the other in Chennai (Mechanical) .The Company has been accredited with
ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001, TS 16949 and ISO 13485.
HISTORY
HCL Info systems Ltd is one of the pioneers in the Indian IT market, with its origins in 1976.
For over quarter of a century, we have developed and implemented solutions for multiple market
segments, across a range of technologies in India. We have been in the forefront in introducing
new technologies and solutions. The highlights of the HCL saga are summarized below:
Y E AR HIGHLIGHTS
- Foundation of the Company laid

1976 - Introduces microcomputer-based programmable calculators with wide
acceptance in the scientific / education community
- Launch of the first microcomputer-based commercial computer with ROM -based

Basic interpreter
1977
- Unavailability of programming skills with customers results in HCL developing
bespoke applications for their customers
- Formation of Far East Computers Ltd., a pioneer in the Singapore IT market, for
1980
SI (System Integration) solutions
- HCL launches an aggressive advertisement campaign with the theme ' even a
typist can operate' to make the usage of computers popular in the SME (Small &
Medium Enterprises) segment. This proposition involved menu-based applications
1983 for the first time, to increase ease of operations. The response to the advertisement
was phenomenal.
-HCL develops special program generators to speed up the development of
applications
- Zonal offices of banks and general insurance companies adopt computerization

- Purchase specifications demand the availability of RDBMS products on the
1986 supplied solution (Unify, Oracle). HCL arranges for such products to be ported to
its platform.
- HCL assists customers to migrate from flat-file based systems to RDBMS
- HCL enters into a joint venture with Hewlett Packard

1991 - HP assists HCL to introduce new services: Systems Integration, IT consulting,
packaged support services ( basic line, team line )
- HCL acquires and executes the first offshore project from IBM Thailand
1994
- HCL sets up core group to define software development methodologies
- Starts execution of Information System Planning projects
1995 - Execution projects for Germany and Australia
- Begins Help desk services
- Sets up the STP ( Software Technology Park ) at Chennai to execute software

1996 projects for international customers
- Becomes national integration partner for SAP
- Kolkata and Noida STPs set up

1997
- HCL buys back HP stake in HCL Hewlett Packard
1998 - Chennai and Coimbatore development facilities get ISO 9001 certification
- Acquires and sets up fully owned subsidiaries in USA and UK

1999 - Sets up fully owned subsidiary in Australia
- HCL ties up with Broadvision as an integration partner
- Sets up fully owned subsidiary in Australia

- Chennai and Coimbatore development facilities get SEI Level 4 certification
- Bags Award for Top PC Vendor In India
2000 - Becomes the 1st IT Company to be recommended for latest version of ISO 9001 :
2000
- Bags MAIT's Award for Business Excellence
- Rated as No. 1 IT Group in India
-Launched Pentium IV PCs at below Rs 40,000

2001
-IDC rated HCL Infosystems as No. 1 Desktop PC Company of 2001
-Declared as Top PC Vendor by Dataquest

-HCL Infosystems & Sun Microsystems enters into a Enterprise Distribution
2002 Agreement
- Realigns businesses, increasing focus on domestic IT, Communications &
Imaging products, solutions & related services
- Became the first vendor to register sales of 50,000 PCs in a quarter

- First Indian company to be numero uno in the commercial PC market
2003
- Enters into partnership with AMD
- Launched Home PC for Rs 19,999
2004 - 1st to announce PC price cut in India, post duty reduction, offers Ezeebee at Rs.
17990
- Maintains No.1 position in the Desktop PC segment for year 2003
- Becomes the 1st company to cross 1 lac unit milestone in the Indian Desktop PC
market
- Partners with Union Bank to make PCs more affordable, introduces lowest ever
EMI for PC in India
- Registers a market share of 13.7% to become No.1 Desktop PC company for year
2004
- Crosses the landmark of $ 1 billion in revenue in just nine months
- Launch of HCL PC for India, a fully functional PC priced at Rs.9,990/-

- Rated as the No.1 Desktop PC company by IDC India -Dataquest
- 'Best Employer 2005' with five star ratings by IDC India -Dataquest.
- 'The Most Customer Responsive Company 2005'
-IT Hardware Category by The Economic Times -Avaya Global Connect.
-Top 50 fastest growing Technology Companies in India' & 'Top 500 fastest
Growing Technology Companies in Asia Pacific' by 'Deloitte & Touche'. by
'Deloitte & Touche'
2005 -'7th IETE -Corporate Award 2005' for performance excellence in the field of
Computers & Telecommunication Systems by IETE.
-India 's 'No.1 vendor' for sales of A3 size Toshiba Multi Functional Devices for
the year '04 -'05 by IDC.
-Toshiba 'Super Award 2005 towards business excellence in distribution of
Toshiba Multifunctional products,
-Strategic Partners in Excellence' Award by In focus Corporation for projectors.
-'Most valued Business Partner' Award for projectors by In focus Corporation in
2005
2006 - 75, 000+ machines produced in a single month

- HCL Infosystems in partnership with Toshiba expands its retail presence in India
by unveiling 'shop Toshiba'
- HCL Infosystems & Nokia announce a long term distribution strategy
- HCL the leader in Desktops PCs unveils India's first segment specific range of
notebooks brand - 'HCL Laptops'
- IDBI selects HCL as SI partner for 100 branches ICT infrastructure rollout
- HCL Infosystems showcases Computer Solutions for the Rural Markets in India
- HCL Support wins the DQ Channels-2006 GOLD Award for Best After Sales
Service on a nationwide customer satisfaction survey conducted by IDC
- HCL Infosystems First in India to Launch the New Generation of High
Performance Server Platforms Powered by Intel Dual - Core Xeon 5000 Processor
- HCL Forms a Strategic Partnership with APPLE to provide Sales & Service
Support for iPods in India
- HCL Infosystems Ltd has announced that the Company has been awarded
one of the most prestigious contracts for establishing the Punjab
State wide Area Network (PAWAN). HCL's specialized expertise in the
e-governance vertical made it the primary choice for setting up this
2008 backbone infrastructure by Government of Punjab (GOP).
- HCL Infosystems has bagged a 23-million dollar deal to implement IT
infrastructure for the Pan-African e-Network Project, which provides
tele-education and tele-medicine. The project would connect 53
African countries into one network
- HCL Infosystems Ltd has informed that Mr. Nikhil Sinha has been
appointed as an additional Director of the Board of the Company.
2009
- HCL Infosystems announced its venture into partnership with BSNL
for offering low-cost broadband-enabled computers in rural areas.
- PC maker HCL Info systems on March 26 unveiled its new 'ME Series
40' notebook, priced at Rs. 41,500, on the occasion of Earth Hour
2010
2010. The notebook has BFR concentrations of less than 0.1 per cent,
which makes the product 100 per cent recyclable and
Environment-friendly.
VISION STATEMENT:
"Together we create the Enterprises of Tomorrow"
MISSION STATEMENT:
"To provide world-class Information Technology solutions and services
in order to enable our customers to serve their customers better"
CORE VALUES:
 Nothing transforms life like education.
 We shall honor all commitments
 We shall be committed to Quality, Innovation and Growth in every endeavor
 We shall be responsible corporate citizens
QUALITY POLICY:
"We shall deliver defect-free products, services and solutions to meet the requirements our
external and internal customers, the first time, every time."
2.2.2 COMPANY OBJECTIVES
 COMPANY MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

To fuel initiative and foster activity by allowing individuals freedom of action and
innovation in attaining defined objectives.
 COMPANY PEOPLE OBJECTIVES
To help people in HCL Info systems Ltd. share in the company's successes, which they
make possible; to provide job security based on their performance; to recognize their
individual achievements; and help them gain a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment
from their work.
POINTS TO PONDER
 Pioneers for the past 26 years in the IT space.

 A Home-grow IT Powerhouse.
 Leadership through Information Enabling.

ORGANISATION CHART
Chairman
Managing Director
Zonal Manager
Regional Manager
Retail Marketing Alternative Channel Operation Channel Human Resource
Territory Manager Territory Manager Team Manager HR Executive
Branch Manager Branch Manager Operation Manager
Asstt. Br. Manager Channel Executive
Business Dev. Mgr.
Sales Dev. Mgr.

ALLIANCES AND PARTNERSHIPS:
To provide world-class solutions and services to all our customers, HCL Infosystems have
formed Alliances and Partnerships with leading IT companies worldwide.
HCL Info systems has alliances with global technology leaders like Intel, AMD, Microsoft, Bull,
Toshiba, Nokia, Sun Microsystems, Ericsson, NVIDIA, SAP, Scan soft, SCO, EMC, Veritas,
Citrix, CISCO, Oracle, Computer Associates, RedHat, Infocus, Duplo, Samsung and Novel
MANAGEMENT TEAM:
Ajai Chowdhry
Co-Founder HCL, Chairman and CEO - HCL Infosystems.
An engineer by training, Ajai Chowdhry is one of the six co-founder members of
HCL, India 's premier IT conglomerate.
J V Ramamurthy
Chief Operating Officer HCL Infosystems Ltd.
J V Ramamurthy has an engineering degree in Electronics & Communications,
from Guindy Engineering College, and a Masters' degree in Applied Electronics
from the Madras Institute of Technology, both in Chennai.
Rajendra Kumar
Executive Vice President - Frontline Division HCL Infosystems Ltd. Mr. Rajendra
Kumar has been with HCL for over 30 years and has seen HCL grow from a
startup company to a gigantic conglomerate that it is today.
CORPORATE INFORMATION:
BOARD OF DIRECTORS: Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Ajai Chowder
R.P. Khosla
E.A. Kshirsagar
Anita Ramachandran
T.S. Purushothaman
Narasimhan Jegadeesh
V.N. Koura
COMPANY SECRETARY: Sushil Kumar Jain
AUDITORS : Price Waterhouse NewDelhi
BANKERS : State Bank of India
Canara Bank
HDFC Bank Ltd.
ICICI Bank Ltd.
Standard Chartered Bank
State Bank of Patiala
State Bank of Saurashtra
REGISTERED OFFICE : 806, Siddharth,
96, Nehru Place, New Delhi - 110 019.
CORPORATE OFFICE : E - 4, 5, 6, Sector XI, Noida - 201 301
(U.P.)
WORKS : R.S. Nos: 34/4 to 34/7 and part of
34/1, Sedarapet, Puducherry - 605 111.
R.S. Nos: 107/5, 6 & 7, Main Road, Sedarapet,
Puducherry - 605 111.
 Plot No 78, South Phase, Ambattur Industrial
Estate,Chennai - 600058.
 Plot No SPL. A2, Thattanchavadi, Industrial
Area, Puducherry - 605 009.
PROBLEMS OF THE ORGANIZATION

1) To determine customers level of satisfaction aspire plans with the quality of their
transaction with Info systems Ltd..
2) To evolve a free and fair method of assessing the companies, to ensure fair play between
the competitors and to safeguard the interests of the largely uninformed customers are the
main tasks ahead.
3) The other and equally serious aspect is to ensure that the vast amounts collected by the
electronic items and pension funds are utilized for the welfare of the people. Though the
Government itself would not be the guarantor of the laptop, desktop and other accessories
it is accountable through its regulatory mechanism, to put in place prudential norms of
investment and accounting, revenue recognition, fair valuation of assets and liabilities,
determining necessary margins towards any contingencies and proper reserves for
shrinkage of investments will have to be made. Nevertheless, care has to be taken to see
that there is not too much of control and regulation.
4) A certain degree of autonomy in the functioning of electronic items companies has to be
allowed so that they get necessary freedom and space to perform and excel.
5) As for the existing player, the public sector giant, the Info systems Ltd., the challenge is
one of sustaining the huge growths it has shown in the recent times. It has to face
competition for the first time in its history, particularly in the urban centers.
6) It has to manage its huge operations more efficiently than at any other time in the past. It
has to think of equipping its personnel (staff and agents) to face competitors and it may
have to think of diversifying its activities to achieve economies in some areas.
7) As far as the prospective entrants are concerned, the greatest challenge is to establish
their presence in the minds of the public. electronic items, particularly life electronic
items, it is said, is never bought but sold. To convince a large population, which is
comparatively not well informed about the intangible benefits of electronic items is
indeed an onerous task. On top of that, to establish the brand equity of a new name in a
new field is quite a challenge.
8) The second most important challenge facing a new entrant is that of setting up
infrastructure and to reach out to as many areas as possible, since electronic items is
based on probability and the wider the spread, the greater are the chances of success in
maintaining the expense ratios at a reasonable level.
9) Modern life perhaps offers challenges that will be common to all the above.
Improvements in health and longevity, the recent breakthroughs in the mapping of the
human genome and the frequent changes in the economy may have far-reaching effects
on electronic items. Devising products that match the changing needs of the people and
managing the funds in a volatile scenario are two problems that will have to be tackled by
every player in the days to come.
COMPETITION INFORMATION
HP is a company unlike any other. HP serve everyone from consumers to small and mid-sized
businesses to enterprises to public sector customers with an extensive portfolio of market-leading
solutions specifically designed to meet the needs of each customer segment.
Their annual R&D investment of $3.5 billion (USD) fuels the invention of products, solutions
and new technologies. HP produce an average of 11 patents a day worldwide. HP Labs provides
a central research function for the company which is focused on inventing new technologies to
improve their customers' lives, change markets and create business opportunities.
Millions of people around the world use HP technology every day. HP is:
 The largest consumer IT company

 The world's largest SMB IT company
 A leading enterprise IT company
HP strategy is to offer products, services and solutions that are high tech, low cost and deliver the
best customer experience. HP team of 151,000 employees does business in more than 170
countries. Revenue reached $86.7 billion for the fiscal year.
All MARKETS served by HP:-
 Consumer — leadership in handhelds, notebooks, printers and digital cameras for

rewarding experiences
 Small and medium business — market-leading products, solutions and services for
simplified ownership
 Enterprise — a full portfolio of leading products and services for building an Adaptive
Enterprise
 Public sector, health & education — experience and alliances for lower costs and
increased efficiencies.
Doing well by doing good
HP is proud of their people, their standards and values, and their deep commitment to global
citizenship. Today they employ new models of engagement and new business and technology
solutions to help more people around the globe to participate in the world economy via
information technology.
Stanford University classmates Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard founded HP in 1939. The
company's first product, built in a Palo Alto garage, was an audio oscillator—an electronic test
instrument used by sound engineers. One of HP's first customers was Walt Disney Studios,
which purchased eight oscillators to develop and test an innovative sound system for the movie
“Fantasia”
HP high-definitions TVs loaded with digital services
The 2006 line-up of HP high-definition digital TVs includes nine affordable LCD, micro display
and plasma models, all of which offer exceptional image accuracy and colours as well as bright,
clear pictures that bring the finest details to life.
Leading the line-up is the 37-inch HP Advanced Digital Media LCD TV, with features never
before available on a television. Viewers can watch high-resolution videos or slideshows with
music, all streamed from their PCs to the TV. The TV also delivers a rich set of services from a
variety of industry partners. Users can view online slideshows with Snap fish or listen to more
than a million songs with Real Networks' Rhapsody, while film buffs can connect to Cinema
Now and Movie Link to watch more than 4,000 Hollywood movies or high-definition videos.
CHAPTER-4
ANALYSIS FOR PROGRAMMING

3.2 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
Atabong, T. A. (2009) posits that, “Systems analysis is the careful evaluation of the individual
components of an existing system with the intent of finding its weaknesses or problem area with
cognizance to improve the systems performance and/or develop a new better system”.
3.2.1 Analysis of the Existing System
The existing system is a manual system. This system is very time consuming and lazy. It is also
more prone to errors and sometimes the approach to problems is unstructured. Below is a
flowchart of the existing manual system.
START
BOOKING DEPARTMENT
Reservation Flight Reservation

system?
Ticket Reservation
RESERVE TICKET RESERVE FLIGHT
TICKET RECORD FLIGHT RECORD
STOP
Fig. 3.1: Flowchart of Existing System
3.3 NEED FOR NEW SYSTEM
The need for the new system arose from evaluation of deficiencies of the existing manual system.
These maladies include:

a. Lack of Speed
b. Inaccuracy
c. Unreliability
d. Uninformative
e. No facility for reservation and cancellation from anywhere to any place
The new system is expected to address the aforementioned issues and also increase manpower in
the organization by cutting cost of implementation and maintenance – since cost of managing a
computerized system is cost-effective than managing human resources – and also encourage
advancement in technological capabilities of any agency it is implemented, hence the system is
aimed at achieving optimum speed, accuracy, reliability, informative and also make room for
ticket and flight reservation and cancellation from anywhere to any place. Flowchart of the new
system is illustrated below.
BOOKING
DEPARTMENT
Flight Reservation, RECEIVE CUSTOMER REQUEST

Booking, cancellation
AIRLINE PASSENGER LIST

CONFIRMED LIST
PASSENGER
REPORTS
RESERVATION
WAITING LIST
SYSTEM
DATA STORRAGE DATA ACCESS
Ticket reservation, Passenger list, concession,

Cancellation, Request for Flight Reservation, Fare details,
enquiry
Database
Fig 3.2: Diagram of New System
SYSTEM DESIGN
This chapter deals with the way data and information are analyzed and processed in design of the
Airline Reservation System. It also covers the harmonic cooperation of the input and output and
thus, encompasses the different steps involved in the development of the system and how
constituent controls are designed and implemented with reference to the design of the database.
4.1 INPUT DESIGN
Here, the various input on forms used in the development and design of the new system are
specified. The input is basically done by clicking a Command button on the form, typing into
TextBoxes or changing the value of Comboboxes. The following are the different forms’ input
design of the new system.
//// 4.1.1 Home Form Input Design (frmHome)
ImageBox1 LabelBox1 ImageBox2 LabelBox12
Calendar
ImageBox3
Command1 Command2
(cmdFlightReservation) (cmdTicketReservation)
TextBox2
Command3 Command4
(cmdEnquiry) (cmdCancelReservation)
Command5 (cmdExit) Command6
Fig 4.1: Diagram of Home Form Input Design

4.1.2
///////////// Ticket Reservation Form Input Design (frmTicketReservation)
Command1
ImageBox1 TextBox1 LabelBox1
Calendar
TextBox27
TextBox28
LabelBox2 Command4
TextBox2 TextBox3 TextBox4 TextBox4
Frame4
TextBox5 ComboBox1 TextBox6
ComboBox7
ComboBox2 TextBox7 TextBox8 TextBox9
TxtBox21 TxtBox22
LabelBox3
ComboBox3 TextBox10 TextBox11 ComboBox4 TextBox12 TextBox13 TxtBox23 TxtBox24
LabelBox4
TxtBox25 TxtBox26
Frame1 Frame2 Frame3

ComboBox5 ComboBox6 TxtBox15 TxtBox16 TxtBox17 TxtBox19
////////////////
Command2 Command3 TxtBox18 TxtBox20
Fig 4.2: Diagram of Ticket Reservation Form Input Design
4.1.3
//////// Flight Reservation Form Input Design (frmFlightReservation)
Command1
TextBox27 Calendar
TextBox28
Frame4
LabelBox2 Command7
TextBox5 ComboBox1 TextBox6 Command4

/
Command5
LabelBox3
ComboBox3 TextBox1 TextBox1 ComboBox4 TextBox12 TextBox13 Command6
LabelBox4
///// ComboBox5 ComboBox6 TxtBox1 TxtBox1 TxtBox17 TxtBox19
Command2 // Command3
Fig 4.3: Diagram of Flight Reservation Form Input Design

/ 4.1.4 Enquiry Form Input Design (frmEnquiry)
Command1
TextBox27 Calendar
TextBox28
Frame4
Command5
LabelBox2 Command7
LabelBox3
ComboBox3 TextBox1 TextBox1 ComboBox4 TextBox12 TextBox13
LabelBox4

Command2 Command3 Command4
Fig 4.4: Diagram of Enquiry Form Input Design
4.1.5
//////// Cancel Reservation Form Input Design (frmCancelReservation)
Command1
TextBox27 Calendar
TextBox28
Frame4
LabelBox2 Command4
LabelBox3
ComboBox3 TextBox1 TextBox1 ComboBox4 TextBox12 TextBox13

/
LabelBox4

Command2 Command3
Fig 4.3: Diagram of Cancel Reservation Form Input

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION
System implementation and documentation consist of the choice of programming language used,
the input specification, output specification, system requirement and necessary documentation that
guide’s the usage of the new system.
5.1 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
The programming language used in the development of the system is Visual Basic, a component of
the Visual Studio 6.0 application package. This choice is due to the object-oriented capabilities of
the programming language, meaning it supports coding in module and allow reusability of
software. The programming language is also easy to use and understand, and support dynamic
declaration and well coordinated program structure.
5.2 INPUT SPECIFICATION
Input specification stresses the various medium used to enter information/data into the system.
Here the basic input devices used are the keyboard and mouse. The input as earlier emphasized is
achieved by either clicking with the mouse or typing with the keyboard.
5.3 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION
The output devices required in the implementation of the new system are the Visual Display Unit
(VDU) and printer. The VDU displays the current process and the printer is used to print out
reports or tickets.
5.2.1 SAMPLE INPUT/OUTPUT
Fig 5.1: Sample Input1
Fig 5.2: Sample Input2

Fig 5.3: Sample Output1


5.4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
The system requirement given below covers the minimum system specification required to run the
new system.
a. Pentium III processor or higher
b. 1.5 Gigahertz Processor Speed or Higher
c. 256 Megabyte of memory (RAM)
d. 10 Gigabyte Hard Disk (Storage)
e. CD ROM Drive
f. Keyboard
g. Visual Display Unit
h. Mice
5.5 SYSTEM TESTING
Before any system or software is deemed correct, it must be tested for bugs and made error free.
– This system is not exceptional. Since humans are imperfect, during coding and testing, errors
were debugged. These errors range from wrong data type declaration, invalid variable names,
value range overflow, etc. After which, the program is made executable by selecting File menu
form the VB 6.0 application window menu bar, and selecting make ProjectName.exe (in this case,
make ARSystem.exe).
5.6 SYSTEM PACKAGING
In order to internationalize a new system, the system must be packaged. After making the new
system executable as mentioned above, the next step is packaging. Packaging means making the
new system compatible on different platforms/machines. Furthermore, packaging in VB 6.0
requires using another component of the Visual Studio 6.0 application called Package and
Deployment Wizard in the Visual Studio 6.0 Tools application folder which can be found on the
Start menu of any computer system. This is easily done by following commands in the packaging
tools wizard. And finally, the packaged application is saved into flash disks or written to CDs for
easy transfer from one system to another.
5.7 SYSTEM INSTALLATION
Before installing the application into any system, the system must have either a CDROM Drive to
allow installation from CD.
5.7.2 Installation from CDROM Drive
2. Insert the CD containing the application into CDROM Drive
3. Allow the CD to autorun
4. Open the folder containing the application (ARSystem folder)
5. Run the ARSystem.exe executable file
6. Follow the instructions on the installation wizard
7. Run the application from the Startup Menu after successful installation.
5.8 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION
System documentation is a record of the processes involved in developing the new system – from
the analysis of any existing system to the design and implementation of the new system – covering
any errors encountered and how to troubleshoot the new system.

7. Implementation
Implementation of the project
68
69
Update
70
8. Project Legacy
Current status of project
 Data has been added

 New customer login
 Deletion in the data
 Updating
 Generate id automatically
Remaining area of concern
9. User Manual: The complete guide (help file) for the project
developed:
Book which prefer: VB.NET 2008
Pro VB 2008 and the .NET 3.5 Platform
Author: Andrew Troelsen

Publisher: APress
10.Source code
71
CODING IN LOGIN SCREEN:-
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As
System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
If TextBox1.Text = "admin" And TextBox2.Text = "password" Then
MsgBox("UserName and Password Accepted")
mainmenu.Show()
Else
MsgBox("You have entered wrong Username or Password")
End If
End Sub

System.EventArgs)
TextBox1.Clear()
TextBox2.Clear()
End Sub
MsgBox("Thanks for using Airline Reservation System ")
Me.Close()
End Sub
End Class
CODING IN MAIN MENU
Public Class mainmenu
Private Sub ExitToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ExitToolStripMenuItem.Click
Me.Close()
End Sub
Private Sub FareDetailToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles
FareDetailToolStripMenuItem.Click
faredetails.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub TicketReservationToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

TicketReservationToolStripMenuItem.Click
Ticketreservation.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub AddNewToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

AddNewToolStripMenuItem.Click
customerdetails.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub DeleteToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

DeleteToolStripMenuItem.Click
Delcustomer.Show()
72
End Sub
Private Sub UpdateToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

UpdateToolStripMenuItem.Click
updatecustomer.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub AddNewToolStripMenuItem1_Click(ByVal sender As
AddNewToolStripMenuItem1.Click
flightdetails.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub DeleteToolStripMenuItem1_Click(ByVal sender As

DeleteToolStripMenuItem1.Click
Delflight.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub UpdateToolStripMenuItem1_Click(ByVal sender As

UpdateToolStripMenuItem1.Click
Updateplane.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub TicketCancellationToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As
TicketCancellationToolStripMenuItem.Click
TicketCancellation.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub ReservationEnquiryToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

ReservationEnquiryToolStripMenuItem.Click
TicketEnquiry.Show()
End Sub

System.EventArgs)
Me.Close()
End Sub
Private Sub CustomersToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
customerdetails.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub FlightsToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
flightdetails.Show()
End Sub
End Class
73
CODING IN ADD NEW CUSTOMER:-
Imports System.Data
Imports System
Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Console
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Web
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Public Class customerdetails

If TextBox1.Text = "" Or TextBox2.Text = "" Or TextBox7.Text = ""
Or TextBox4.Text = "" Then
MsgBox("fill the information properly")
ElseIf IsNumeric(TextBox1.Text) Then
MsgBox("name should not be numeric")
ElseIf IsInputChar(TextBox4.Text) Then
MsgBox("contct should not be char")
MsgBox(" Father's name should not be numeric")
ElseIf IsInputChar(TextBox6.Text) Then
MsgBox("Insert D_O_B")
MsgBox("address should not be numeric")
Me.Hide()
End If
Dim con As New SqlConnection("server=SAHIL-PC;database=D:\Airline
Reservation System - Copy\Airline Reservation
System\data\dbARS.mdf;Integrated Security=True")
con.Open()
Dim PassportNo As String
PassportNo = Format(DateTime.Now, "yyyyMMddhhmmss")
Label4.Text = PassportNo
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("insert into customer_dtls

values(@passportno,@custname,@fathername,@d_o_b,@address,@contactno)", con)
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@passportNo", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =

PassportNo
cmd.Parameters.Add("@custname", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox1.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@fathername", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox2.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@d_o_b", SqlDbType.DateTime).Value =
TextBox6.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@address", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox7.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@contactno", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox4.Text
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
cmd.Dispose()
con.Close()
74
MsgBox("welcome you are now the customer of airline")
End Sub
Private Sub Button1_Click_1(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As

mainmenu.Show()
Me.Hide()
End Sub
TextBox1.Clear()
TextBox2.Clear()
TextBox4.Clear()
TextBox6.Clear()
TextBox7.Clear()
End Sub
Private Sub TextBox6_TextChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e

As System.EventArgs) Handles TextBox6.TextChanged
If TextBox6.Text = "" Then
MsgBox("Insert D_O_B")
End If
End Sub

MsgBox("Insert Address")
End If
End Sub

MsgBox("Insert Contact_No")
End If
End Sub

MsgBox("Insert Father's Name")
End If
End Sub

MsgBox("Insert Your Name")
End If
End Sub
End Class
CODING IN UPDATE CUSTOMER:-
Imports System.Data
Imports System
75
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Web
Public Class updatecustomer
System.EventArgs)
Me.Close()
End Sub
con.Open()
Dim adp As SqlDataReader
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from customer_dtls where

passportNo=" + "'" + ComboBox1.Text + "'", con)
adp = cmd.ExecuteReader()
While adp.Read
TextBox2.Text = adp(1)
End While
adp.Close()
con.Close()
End Sub

con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("Update customer_dtls set CustName=" +
"'" + TextBox2.Text + "'" + "," + "Fathername=" + "'" + TextBox3.Text + "'"
+ "," + "D_O_B=" + "'" + TextBox4.Text + "'" + "," + "Address=" + "'" +
TextBox5.Text + "'" + "," + "ContactNo=" + "'" + TextBox6.Text + "'" +
"where PassportNo=" + "'" + ComboBox1.Text + "'", con)
cmd.Dispose()
con.Close()
MsgBox("updated")
End Sub
Private Sub updatecustomer_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e

As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
76
con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from customer_dtls", con)

While adp.Read
ComboBox1.Items.Add(adp(0))
End While
adp.Close()
End Sub

mainmenu.Show()
Me.Close()
End Sub
End Class
CODING IN FLIGHT DETAILS:-
Imports System.Data
Imports System
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Web
Public Class flightdetails

con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("insert into Flight_dtls

values(@flightname,@flightcode,@classname,@totalseats,@flightsource,@flight
destination,@departure,@arrival,@fare)", con)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@flightname", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =

TextBox1.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@flightcode", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox2.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@classname", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox3.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@totalseats", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox4.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@flightsource", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox5.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@flightdestination", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = TextBox6.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@departure", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox7.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@arrival", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox8.Text
cmd.Parameters.Add("@fare", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =
TextBox9.Text
77
cmd.Dispose()
con.Close()
MsgBox("welcome in airline....new flight has been Added")
End Sub

TextBox1.Clear()
TextBox2.Clear()
TextBox3.Clear()
TextBox4.Clear()
TextBox5.Clear()
TextBox6.Clear()
End Sub

mainmenu.Show()
Me.Hide()
End Sub
End Class
CODING IN UPDATE Plane
Imports System.Data
Imports System
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Web
Public Class Updateplane
System.EventArgs)
Me.Close()
End Sub

con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("Update flight_dtls set flightcode=" +
"'" + TextBox2.Text + "'" + "," + "classname=" + "'" + TextBox3.Text + "'"
+ "," + "totalseats=" + "'" + TextBox4.Text + "'" + "," + "flightsource=" +
"'" + TextBox5.Text + "'" + "," + "flightdestination=" + "'" +
TextBox6.Text + "'" + "where flightname=" + "'" + ComboBox1.Text + "'",
con)
cmd.Dispose()
con.Close()
MsgBox("updated")
78
End Sub
Private Sub Updateplane_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As

System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from flight_dtls", con)

While adp.Read
End While
adp.Close()
con.Close()
End Sub

con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from flight_dtls where

flightname=" + "'" + ComboBox1.Text + "'", con)
While adp.Read
End While
adp.Close()
con.Close()
End Sub

mainmenu.Show()
Me.Close()
End Sub
End Class
CODING IN TICKET RESERVATION

Imports System.Data
79
Imports System
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Web
Public Class Ticketreservation

If ComboBox5.SelectedItem = 5 Then
TextBox17.Text = 5 * TextBox5.Text
ElseIf ComboBox5.SelectedItem = 4 Then
End If
End Sub

System.EventArgs)
Me.Close()
End Sub
Private Sub Ticketreservation_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal

e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
con.Open()
While adp.Read
End While
adp.Close()
con.Close()
End Sub

'' Dim con As New SqlConnection("server=SAHIL-
PC;database=D:\Airline Reservation System - Copy\Airline Reservation
'con.Open()
'Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("insert into ticket_dtls
values(@ticketNumber,@customername,@Ticketreaservation)", con)
'cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text
'
' Dim TicketNumber As String
' TicketNumber = Format(DateTime.Now, "yyyyMMddhhmmss")
' Label4.Text = TicketNumber
' cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
' cmd.Dispose()
' con.Close()
80
MsgBox("Ticket reserved")
End Sub

mainmenu.Show()
Me.Close()
End Sub

con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from flight_dtls where
flightname=" + "'" + ComboBox1.Text + "'", con)
While adp.Read
End While
adp.Close()
con.Close()
End Sub
End Class
CODING IN TICKET CANCELLATION
Imports System.Data
Imports System
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Web
Public Class TicketCancellation

TextBox5.Text = TextBox4.Text * 20 / 100
TextBox6.Text = TextBox4.Text - TextBox5.Text
End Sub

System.EventArgs)
Me.Close()
End Sub

81
con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from Cancel where
TicketNumber=" + "'" + ComboBox1.Text + "'", con)
While adp.Read
End While
adp.Close()
con.Close()
End Sub
Private Sub TicketCancellation_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from Cancel", con)

While adp.Read
End While
adp.Close()
End Sub

con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("delete from cancel where TicketNumber="
& "'" & ComboBox1.Text & "'", con)
cmd.Dispose()
con.Close()
MsgBox("Ticket Cancelled")
End Sub
End Class
CODING IN TICKET ENQUIRY
Imports System.Data
Imports System
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Web
Public Class TicketEnquiry
82
System.EventArgs)
Me.Close()
End Sub

mainmenu.Show()
Me.Close()
End Sub

con.Open()
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from cancel where

'Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from flight_dtls where
While adp.Read
End While
adp.Close()
con.Close()
End Sub
Private Sub TicketEnquiry_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e

As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
con.Open()
'Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("select * from cancel", con)

While adp.Read
End While
adp.Close()
con.Close()
End Sub
End Class
83
11.Bibliography
http://www.dreamincode.net/forums/topic/53926-online-examination-system-on-
vbnet/
http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-online-examination-project
84

Airlines Reservation System

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A STUDY ON

“AIRLINES RESERVATION SYSTEM”

select seats, and even book hotels and rental cars.

customers are retrieved and handled for flight scheduling tasks.

Sr. No. Table OF Content Page No

1.) Project name and description 4

2.) Profile OF The Problem 5

3.) Existing System 6-7

4.) Problem Analysis 8-10

a.) Product Definition

b.) Feasibility Analysis

c.) Project Plan

5.) Software Requirement Analysis 10-11

b.) Specific Requirement

6.) Design 11-20

a.) System Design

b.) Detailed Design

a.) Implementation of the project

The Airline Reservations System (ARS) was one of the earliest changes to improve efficiency.

Users access an airline’s inventory through an

Fare Quote and Ticketing

Disadvantages in existing system:->

DFD for Present system

4. Route: A route is simply a tuple of airports: (StartAirport,EndAirport), and every route has a

6. Scheme : A scheme consists of discount percentages on various classes awarded on certain

Requirements analysis is critical to the success of a development project. Requirements must be

Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is an object-oriented computer programming language that can be

Functional testing typically involves five steps:->

1. The identification of functions that the software is expected to perform

Reservation System (ARS). (Wikipedia, 2010)

2.2 WHAT IS ARS?

to book hotel rooms and rental cars as well as airline tickets.

2.3 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (GDS)

Airline Reservation System (ARS) database.

between airlines and technology gurus emerged. (Morrison, Winston 1995)

creating an industry-wide Computer Reservation System to be a central clearinghouse for U.S.

(European Parliament, 2008)

reservations systems are used by international airlines. (Winston, Clifford 1995)

2.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS

(Microsoft Encarta 2009, Microsoft Corporation)

secured in advance. (WordWeb 5.1, WordNet Database)

NB: In computer science, System is used in a variety of contexts. A computer System is a

equipment utilized in processing information: an accounting system, a billing system, a

database management system. (Microsoft Encarta 2009, Microsoft Corporation)

(WordWeb 5.1, WordNet Database)

Computerize: To control a function, process, or creation by a computer. (WordWeb 5.1,

Fare: The amount paid by passengers as travel fee.

passengers and goods.

Methods. (Atabong, T. A., 2009)

3.1.1 Primary Data Collection Method

3.1.2 Secondary Data Collection Method

of the problem in discussion. It includes oral/personal interviews, observation and use of

and data gathered are usually up-to-date and precise.

Contractors, NimiAir Nigeria and TarilaTravels Nigeria Limited.

 believe in ‘Employee First’

 believe in trust, transparency and flexibility

 the most hungry team in the IT landscape today .

 Started HCL in 1976.

 An electrical engineer from Coimbatore