CIVIL ENGINEERING BOARD EXAMS PROBLEMS PHILIPPINES – SEPTEMBER 25, 2020

TRIGONOMETRY

INTRODUCTION

Trigonometry (from Greek trigōnon, "triangle" and metron, "measure") is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between side lengths and angles
of triangles. The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies. The Greeks focused
on the calculation of chords, while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric ratios (also called trigonometric
functions) such as sine.

Throughout history, trigonometry has been applied in areas such as geodesy, surveying, celestial mechanics, and navigation.Trigonometry is known for its
many identities,] which are equations used for rewriting trigonometrical expressions to solve equations, to find a more useful expression, or to discover new
relationships.

THE UNIT CIRCLE - circle with 1 as radius and given by the equation x^2 + y^2 = 1.

Notice that the point (x, y) on the unit circle can be written as (cos θ , sin θ) If we recall the unit circle coordinate values for special angles (Section 6.4), we
can now summarize the exact values for sine and cosine in the following illustration.

(x,y) = (cos θ , sin θ) , θ – central angle whose terminal side intersects the unit circle at (x , y)

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS – Let (x,y) by any point on the unit circle. If θ is a real number that represents the distance from the point (1 , 0 ) along the
circumference to the point (x , y) , then

REFERENCE ANGLES – angles between 0 to 360° in standard position whose terminal side lies one of the four quadrants and does have angles between 0
to 90° .
COTERMINAL ANGLES – angles in standard position with the terminal side.
NEGATIVE ANGLES – angles rotating clockwise with negative values.

CONVERSION OF UNITS
1 radian = 57.296° , 2π = 360°

ARC LENGTH – if a central angle θ in a circle with radius r intercepts an arc on the circle of length s, then the arc length is given by
𝜋
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 ( ) (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠)
180

𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠)

For the arc length of the other curves, see solid mensuration and integral calculus.
SIGNS OF THE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Q I – all values are positive

Q II – y is positive
Q III – r is positive
Q IV – x is positive
EXAMPLES:

1. A belt connect a pulley of 2 inch radius with a pulley of 5 inch radius. If the larger pulley turns through 10 radians, through how many radius will the
small pulley turn ?
SOLUTION:

2. Find the reference angle of 225° .

SOLUTION:

3. P( -3 , 4) is a point on the Cartesian plane with the origin. Determine the value of (1/2) csc θ.
SOLUTION:

4. Find the tan θ given W(x) = (3/5 , -4/5)

SOLUTION:

5. Evaluate tan t that corresponds to the point ( -0.737 , 0.675) on the unit circle.
SOLUTION: \

6. Evaluate cos (- 5π/6)

SOLUTION:
 7. Calculate the length of an arc if the radius of an arc is 8 cm and the central angle is 40°?
SOLUTION:

EXERCISES – Answer the following questions.

1. You have asked your landscaper to create a garden area in an oddly-shaped corner of your back yard. Regarding the fencing on the two sides of
the corner as being radii, the corner's central angle is two-thirds of a circle. You'd like the landscaper to install a particular type of edging, of which
you have 14 2/3 feet, as the arc of a circle whose center is the pole where the two fences meet. What will be the depth of your new garden? Ans.
7 feet
2. If csc θ = 4/3 , find tan θ . Ans. ±1.134
3. Find the coterminal angle of 870º. Ans. 210º
4. Let θ be any angle in standard position whose terminal side contains point (-4 , -5) . Find sec θ. Ans. √41/4
5. Given the points (√(p^2 +q^2) , √2pq ) , find sec A. Ans. (p+q)/√2pq
6. Find sin π/4 . Ans. √2/2
7. Evaluate sin 34π/6 Ans. -√3 /2
8. If tan θ = 84/13 and the terminal side lies in Q III , find sin θ. Ans. -84/85
9. Find the indicated trigonometric expression:

sin 0 + sin 1 + sin 2 + ⋯ + sin 90

cos 0 + cos 1 + cos 2 + ⋯ + cos 90

10. Find the exact value of cos (-2π/3) Ans. -1/2

11. Given csc θ = 25/7 , find sec θ. Ans. 25/24
12. An electric winch is used to pull a boat out of the water onto a trailer. The winch winds the cable around a circular drum of diameter 5 inches.
Approximately how many times will the winch have to rotate in order to roll in 5 feet of cable? Ans. 1.9 times
13. Find the angle β coterminal with 19π/4. Ans. 3π/4
14. Evaluate sin (-9π/2) Ans. -1
15. Given the coordinates (9,0) , Find cot θ. Ans. ∞
16. A bicycle with tires 90 cm in diameter is travelling at 25 km/h. What is the angular velocity of the tire in radians per second? Ans. 15.43 rad/s
17. If tan θ = 3.8436 , find θ. Ans. 75º 35’
18. The terminal side contains the point ( -60,-11). Find sec θ. Ans. -61/60
19. Find the length of an arc of a circle of radius 5 cm subtending a central angle measuring 15º Ans. 5π/12
20. The point (-√3/2 , 1/2 ) is on the unit circle. Find cot t. Ans. -√3

RIGHT TRIANGLE TRIGONOMETRY

PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM – The sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle is equivalent to the square of the longest side (hypotenuse).

SPECIAL RIGHT TRIANGLES

1. 45-45-90 or Isosceles Right Triangle
2. 30-60-90 Right Triangle

APPLICATIONS
1. Geometric Problems
2. Navigation or Bearing
BEARING – angle in degrees measured clockwise from north.
TRUE BEARING – direction to an object from a point measured from 0 to 360° clockwise from true north.
AZIMUTH – the angle of an object in the sky along the horizon (discussed further in Surveying)
3. Angle of elevation and Angle of Depression
ANGLE OF ELEVATION – angle between the horizontal and line from the object above from observer’s eye.
ANGLE OF DEPRESSION – angle between the horizontal and line from the object below from observer’s eye.
4. Forces (refer to Statics for more force related problems)
5. Miscellaneous
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF RIGHT TRIANGLES

EXAMPLES

1. In triangle PQR shown, find the lengths of PQ and QR.

SOLUTION:

2. Solve the right triangle ABC with a = 4.32 cm and b = 2.62 cm.
SOLUTION :

3. Triangle ABC is a right triangle with A = 60º and a = 50 , find b,

SOLUTION:
4. In designing a house an architect wishes to determine the amount of overhang of a roof so that it shades the entire south wall at noon during the
summer solstice when the angle of elevation of the sun is 81° as shown in the figure. Minimally, how much overhang should be provided for this
purpose?

5. You are standing on top of a building, looking at park in the distance. The angle of depression is 53°. If the building you are standing on is 100 feet
tall, how far away is the park?
SOLUTION

6. (ECE Board) A man finds the angle of elevation of the top of a tower to be 30 degrees. He then walks 85 m nearer the tower and found its angle of
elevation to be 60 degrees. What is the height of the tower?
SOLUTION:

7. A guy wire supports a tower. The wire forms an angle of 57 degrees with level ground. The wire is anchored to the ground 16.5m away from the
base of the tower. How long is the guy wire?
SOLUTION:

16.5 16.5
cos 57° = , ℎ= = 30.3 𝑚 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
ℎ cos 57°
 8. A jet takes off bearing N 28º E and flies 5 miles and then makes a left turn and flies 12 miles farther. If the control tower operator wants to locate
the plane, what bearing should he use?
SOLUTION:

9. An object is pushed across a table top with a force of 16.6 N directed 32.7 degrees S of E. What are the x- and y-components of this force?

EXERCISES A – Find the indicated value of the following right triangles shown.

1. Ans. x = 21

2. Ans. θ = 60.255º
3. β = 35º and c = 17 inches, find b. Ans. b = 9.75
4. Ans. 8.6 meters
5. If β = 17.8° and c = 3.45 , find a. Ans. 3.28

6. Given c = 91.92 and a = 2.19 , find B in ΔABC. Ans. 88° 38’ 5”

7. Find csc θ on the triangle shown. Ans. 3

8. In the triangle shown , find cot B. Ans. 2

9. Find ∠P in the figure shown. Ans. 17º 27’ 28”

10. Find x. Ans. 15.3

EXERCISES B – Solve the following questions.

1. A 100 ft. building casts a 300 ft. shadow from the sun. What is the angle of depression? Ans. 18.43º
2. The elevation of a tower from two points, one due east of the tower and the other due west of it are 20º and 24º, respectively, and the two points of
observation are 300 m apart. Find the height of the tower to the nearest meter. Ans. 60 meters
3. A man lives in a house that borders a pasture. He decides to go to the grocery store to get some milk. He is trying to decide whether to drive along
the roads in his car or take his all-terrain vehicle (ATV) across the pasture. His car is faster than the ATV, but the distance the ATV would travel is
less than the distance he would travel in his car. If sin θ = 3/5 and cos θ = 4/5 and he drove his car along the streets, it would be 14 miles round trip.
How far would he have to go on his ATV round trip? Ans. 5 miles

4. If the satellite in a geostationary orbit (at 35,000 km) was only 30 meters long, about how accurate would the pointing of the dish have to be? Give
the answer in degrees to two significant digits. Ans. 4.9 × 10^-5 degrees
5. The 40 meter flag pole has a rope makes a 25° angle with the ground. How long is the rope? Ans. 94.640 meters
6. (CE Board) Find the height of the tree if the angle of elevation its top changes from 20° to 40° as the observer advances 75 ft towards its base.
Ans. 48.21 meters
7. A ladder 40 feet long may be so placed that it will reach a window 33 feet high on one side of the street, and by turning it over without moving its
foot it will reach a window 21 feet high on the other side. Find the breadth of the street. Ans. 56.65 feet
8. A 40 m high tower stands vertically on a hillside which makes an angle of 18º with the horizontal. A tree also stands vertically up the hill from the
tower. An observer on top of the tower finds the angle of depression of the top of the tree to 26º and the bottom of the tree to be 38°. Find the height
of the tree. Ans. 10.62 meters
9. To measure the height of the cloud cover at an airport, a worker shines a spotlight upward at an angle 75º from the horizontal. An observer 600 m
away measures the angle of elevation to the spot of light to be 45º. Find the height of the cloud cover. Ans. 473.205 m
10. The machine tool diagram on the right shows a symmetric V-block, in which one circular roller sits on top of a smaller circular roller. Each roller
touches both slanted sides of the V-block. Find the diameter of the large roller, given the information in the diagram. Ans. 2.768 meters

11. Three ships are situated as follows” A is 225 miles west of C while B , due south of C, bears S 25º 10’ E from A. What is the bearing of A from B?
Ans. N 25º W
12. A boat leaves the entrance to a harbor and travels 25 miles on a bearing of N 42° E. The captain then turns the boat 90° clockwise and travels 18
miles on a bearing of S 48° E. What is the bearing of the boat from the harbor entrance? Ans. N 77º E
13. If a jet airliner climbs at an angle of 15°30’ with a constant speed of 315 miles per hour, how long will it take (to the nearest minute) to reach an
altitude of 8.00 miles? Assume there is no wind. Ans. 5.702 mins.
14. If Vx = 68.1 kph and Vy = 89.3 kph, find the angle of the resultant of the velocity. Ans. 52.7°
15. If the flagpole that a golfer aims at on a green measures 5 feet from the ground to the top of the flag and a golfer measures a 1° angle from top to
bottom, how far (in horizontal distance) is the golfer from the flag? Ans. 286.44 feet
 16. A Men In Black agent is standing at ground level, 18 meters across the street, aiming his laser gun at the alien. At what angle, in degrees, should
the agent shoot his laser gun? Ans. 87.67°
17. Towers A and B stand on a level ground. From the top of tower A which is 30 m. high the angle of elevation of the top of tower B is 48˚. From the
same point the angle of depression of the foot of tower B is 26˚. What is the height of tower B in meters? Ans. 98.3 meters
18. A telephone pole 30 ft high is to be guyed from its middle section with a guy wire making an angle of 45 degrees with the ground. Find the total
length of the guy wire if an additional three feet is to be provided for splicing. Ans. 24.21 feet
19. A surveyor measures the angle of elevation of the top of a perpendicular building as 19º. He moves 120 m nearer the building and finds the angle
of elevation is now 47º. Determine the height of the building. Ans. 60.85 meters
20. The Smith's bought a 6-ft-square sheet of plywood as a base for their electric train. Will the plywood fit in the back of their van? The opening of the
van is 44 inches high and 60 inches wide. Ans. 6.2 feet

NEXT TOPIC ON SEPTEMBER 28 , 2020

1. Law of Sines, Cosines and Tangents

2. Ambigous Case
REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometry
Algebra and Trigonometry by Openstax
Algebra and Trigonometry by Cynthia Young
https://www.siyavula.com/read/maths/grade-10/trigonometry-part-1/05-trigonometry-07
College Algebra with Trigonometry by Barnett
https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/Circles/CRArcLengthRadian.html
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/sectors2.htm
Schaum’s Outlines of Trigonometry
https://www.anderson5.net/cms/lib02/SC01001931/Centricity/Domain/2137/Trig%20in%20the%20Coordinate%20Plane%20with%20Notes%201.pdf
Plane and Spherical Trigonometry by Wentworth
Precalculus by Blitzer
https://www.ms.uky.edu/~ma110/s.18/worksheets/m110ws15keyfa17.pdf
Engineering Mathematics Vol 1 by Besavilla
https://www.govst.edu/uploadedFiles/Academics/Colleges_and_Programs/CAS/Trigonometry_Short_Course_Tutorial_Lauren_Johnson.pdf
PreCalculus by Openstax
https://www.intmath.com/trigonometric-functions/8-applications-of-radians.php
Algebra and Trigonometry Problem Solvers
http://www.brainkart.com/article/Radian-Measure_33910/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqwhjty/revision/1#:~:text=In%20mathematics%2C%20a%20bearing%20is,usually%20written%20as%20030%C2%B0
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/true+bearing
Engineering Mathematics by Bird
MTAP Reviewers
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Trigonometry/Applications_of_Right_Triangle_Trigonometry
https://www.landmarkoutreach.org/wp-content/uploads/Finding-Side-Lengths.pdf
https://www.carlisle.k12.ky.us/userfiles/936/Classes/3415/ExamView%20-%20Right%20Triangle%20Test%20Review.pdf
http://pmoss.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/60102520/10
Glencoe’s Advanced Mathematical Concepts
https://www.neshaminy.org/cms/lib/PA01000466/Centricity/Domain/240/angle_of_dep_angle_of_elev_ws.pdf
Licensure Examinations for CE by Besavilla
Algebra and Trigonometry by James Stewart
https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Precalculus/Book%3A_Elementary_Trigonometry_(Corral)/01%3A_Right_Triangle_Trigonometry_Angles/1.03%3A_A
pplications_and_Solving_Right_Triangles
http://www.technology.heartland.edu/faculty/todds/tmat103/Vectors%20for%20TMAT%20103.pdf
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/geometry/hs-geo-trig/hs-geo-modeling-with-right-triangles/e/applying-right-triangles
Mathematics by Padilla
Higher Engineering Mathematics by Bird
CIVIL ENGINEERING BOARD EXAMS PROBLEMS PHILIPPINES – September 28,2020

OBLIQUE TRIANGLES

The oblique triangles are triangles without right angles. It can be isosceles or scalene (in terms of lengths) or it can be acute or obtuse (in terms of angles). Regular
triangles are also oblique triangles.

The following given should meet on solving oblique triangles

1. Two angles
2. One angle and another side
3. The two other sides

Here are the cases on solving oblique triangles :

FORMULAS ON SOLVING THE OBLIQUE TRIANGLES

LAW OF SINES

LAW OF COSINES
LAW OF TANGENTS

EXAMPLES:
1. Solve the triangle shown.

SOLUTION:

2.
SOLUTION:

3. Solve the ΔABC given that a = 5 , b = 3 , ∠C = 96° and find A – B.

SOLUTION:
4. In a triangle XYZ , ∠X = 51° , ∠Y = 67° and YZ = 15.2 cm. Find the remaining parts.
SOLUTION:

5. Solve the triangle in the figure shown.

SOLUTION :

6. A lighthouse A and buoy B are 20 miles apart, the buoy lying due east of the lighthouse. A ship sailing 8 mph leaves from A at the same time another
ship sailing 6 mph and leaves B on a course at unknown angle west of the smooth. It is known that the ships are nearest to each other after they sailed
1 18/37 hours, the distance between them is 30√111 / 37 miles. Find the course of the second ship from the first when they are nearest.
SOLUTION:
 7. Two fire-lookout stations are 15 miles apart, with station A directly east of station B. Both stations spot a fire. The angular direction of the fire from station
B is N52°E and the angular direction of the fire from station A is N36°W. How far is the fire from station A?
SOLUTION :

8. In the parallelogram shown find the diagonal BD.

SOLUTION :

EXERCISES A – solve the indicated unknown in the oblique triangles.

1. Find BC. Ans. 8.34 m (CE Board)

 2. Find AC. Ans. 25

3. α = 71.2° , b = 5.32 m and c = 5.03 m, find A. Ans. 6.03 m

4. For ΔABC, A = 30º , b = 4 and c = 5. Find B. Ans. 52.5°
5. Find BC. 33.1 yards

6. Solve for γ in the triangle shown. Ans. 15.665°

7. Calculate the side c in the figure shown. Ans. 11.8

8. Find angle α if a = 20 , b = 25 and c =18. Ans. 52.4°

9. Find side e in the ΔDEF given that EF = 35.0 mm ,DE 25 mm and ∠E = 64° Ans. 32.91 mm
10. If the triangle ABC, C = π/6 , b = √3 and a = 1 , find the third side. Ans. c =1

EXERCISES B – Solve the following questions.

1. A farmer has a triangular field with sides 120 yards, 170 yards, and 220 yards. Find the biggest angle opposite of the biggest side. Ans. 97.2°
2. The Tower of Pisa was originally built 56 meters tall. Because of poor soil in the foundation, it started to lean. At a distance 44 meters from the base of
the tower, the angle of elevation is 55° How much is the Tower of Pisa leaning away from the vertical position? Ans. 5 degrees.
3. Find the height of the tree if the shadow length is 157 feet and, relative to the horizontal, the hill slopes 11.0° and the angle of elevation of the sun is
42.0°. Ans. 108.81 feet
4. A pilot wishes to fly an airplane due East, but a strong wind blowing Southeast at 100 km/h keeps blowing the airplane off-course. If the airplane has a
cruising speed of 450 km/h, in what direction should the pilot fly to reach the destination? Ans. N 9° E
5. The Duquesne Incline is a cable car in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which transports passengers up and down a mountain. The track used by the cable
car has an angle of elevation of 30°. The angle of elevation to the top of the track from a point that is horizontally 100 feet from the base of the track is
about 26.8°. Find the length of the track. Ans. 807.71 feet
6. (CE Board) A 40 m high tower stands vertically on a hillside which makes an angle of 18º with the horizontal. A tree also stands vertically up the hill from
the tower. An observer on top of the tower finds the angle of depression of the top of the tree to be 26º and the bottom of the tree to be 38°. Find the
height of the tree. Ans. 10.62 meters
7. In a parallelogram, the adjacent sides measure 22 inches and 40 inches. If the larger angle of the parallelogram measures 116º, find the length of the
longer diagonal, to the nearest tenth. Ans. 53.4 inches
8. Two forces of 115 lb and 215 lb acting on an object have a resultant of magnitude 275 lb. Find the angle between the directions in which the given
forces act. Ans. 70º 50’
9. To measure length of the lake, a baseline is established and measured to be 125 meters. Angles A and B are measured to be 41.6º and 124.3º ,
respectively. How long is the lake? Ans. 341 meters
 10. In the figure shown, a radar ship is 30 miles off shore when a large fleet of ships leaves port at an angle of 43º. If the maximum range of the ship’s
radar is 20 miles, will the departing fleet be detected? Ans. No
11. A wall that is 1.4 m long has started to lean and now makes an angle of 80º with the ground. A 2 m board is jammed between the top of the wall and
the ground to prop up the wall. What angle does the board make with the ground? Ans. 44°
12. Suppose a soccer player runs up to a moving soccer ball located at 𝑨 and kicks the ball into the air. The diagram below shows the initial velocity of the
ball along the ground and the initial velocity and direction of the kick. What is the resultant velocity and angle of elevation of the soccer ball immediately
after it is kicked? Ans. 21.05 m/s and 16.92°

13. A man owns a triangular lot on the corner of two intersecting streets which intersects at an angle of 62º. The frontage of one street is 200 m and on the
other side is 150 m. Determine the perimeter of this lot. Ans. 535.29 m
14. A room 8 m wide has a span roof which slopes at 33° on one side and 40° on the other. Find the length of the roof slopes. Ans. 4.556 and 5.377 m
15. Two planes leave an airport at the same time and fly for two hours. Plane A flies in the direction of 165° at 385 km/h and plane B flies in the direction of
250° at 410 km/h. How far apart are the planes after two hours? Ans. 1074.8 km
16. (ECE Board) Points A and B 1000 m apart are plotted on a straight highway running east and west. From A , the bearing of a tower C is 32° N of W and
from B the bearing of C is 26° N of E . Approximate the shortest distance of tower C to the highway. Ans. 273.92 m
17. Circular tracts of land with diameters 900 meters, 700 meters and 600 meters are tangent to each other externally. There are houses directly in the
center of each circle. What is the smallest angle of the triangle connecting the houses? Ans. 49.46°
18. Suppose a boat leaves port, travels 10 miles, turns 20 degrees N of W , and travels another 8 miles. How far from port is the boat? Ans. 17.7 mi.
19. A plane flew due north at 500 mph for 3 hours. A second plane, starting at the same point and at the same time, flew southeast at an angle clockwise
from due north at 435 mph for 3 hours. At the end of the 3 hours, how far apart were the two planes? Ans. 2,709.891 miles
20. In a parallelogram given the two diagonals 5 and 6 and the angle that they form 49° 18’. Find the sides. Ans. 2.338 and 5.003

AMBIGOUS CASE OF TRIANGLES

AMBIGUOUS CASE SSA – Side Side Angle

AMBIGUOUS CASE USING QUADRATIC FORMULA’s DISCRIMINANT

One positive solution – one triangle

Two distinct positive solutions - two triangles
No positive solution – no triangle

CONSISTENCY OF SOLUTIONS OF OBLIQUE TRIANGLES USING MOLLWEIDE’S EQUATION

EXAMPLES:

1. Solve the triangle(s) if any for a = 27 inches , b = 28 inches and α = 110°

2. Find all solutions for a =4 , b = 3 and A = 112 º

SOLUTION:

3. Solve the triangles PQR given that QR = 36.5 mm , PR = 26.6 mm and ∠Q = 36° .
SOLUTION:
 4. Can a triangle have the parts a =6 , b =7 , c = 9 , A = 55° B =60° and C = 65° ?
SOLUTION:

EXERCISES – Answer the following questions.

1. Determine that how many triangles can be formed in b = 30 , c = 20 and β = 70º Ans. No triangle
2. Determine the side c if any in triangle ABC given that A = 43° a = 81 and b = 62. Ans. 114.2
3. If A = 30° , a = 7 and b =16, how many triangles formed using quadratic formula? No triangle
4. If B = 14.4° , a = 8 and b = 3, solve the angle C if any. Ans. 27.1° and 124.1°
5. Solve ∠C if any for a = 31.5 , b = 51.8 and A = 33° 40’. Ans. 80° 40’ and 32°
6. How many triangles in the solution for β = 27.3° ,a = 244 cm and b = 135 cm ? Ans. Two
7. Determine the remaining side if any for the triangle a = 8.1 m , b = 8.3 m and α = 72° Ans. 4.4 and 0.74
8. How do you determine the number of triangles given a = 8 , b = 10 and A = 20°? Ans. Two
9. How many triangles can be formed in the figure shown? Ans. One

10. At certain times during the year, you can see Venus in the morning sky. The distance between Venus and the sun is approximately 67 million miles.
The distance between Earth and the sun is approximately 93 million miles. Estimate the distance between Venus and Earth if the observed angle
between the sun and Venus is 34°. Ans. 119 and 34.8 million miles

NEXT TOPICS ON OCTOBER 2,2020

1. Areas of the triangles

2. Bisectors and Inscribed and Circumscribed Triangles
REFERENCES

College Algebra and Trigonometry by Barnett

College Algebra and Trigonometry by Cynthia Young
https://byjus.com/maths/law-of-tangents/
Engineering Mathematics by Bird
Algebra and Trigonometry by Openstax
Engineering Mathematics by Besavilla
Licensure Examinations by Besavilla
https://www.varsitytutors.com/act_math-help/how-to-find-the-length-of-the-diagonal-of-a-parallelogram
https://www.chino.k12.ca.us/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=28577&dataid=54110&FileName=Law%20of%20Sines%20and%20Cosines%20
Review%20Worksheet.pdf
Trigonometry by Michael Corral
https://lindblomeagles.org/ourpages/auto/2016/4/29/45784385/5_2%20preactice%20_Law%20of%20sines%20and%20cosines_.pdf
Precalculus by Cynthia Young
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trig-sine-law.html
Pre Calculus by Openstax
https://www.math-only-math.com/law-of-tangents.html
https://faculty.atu.edu/mfinan/1203/Lecture25.pdf
http://jongarvin.com/up/MPM2D/slides/apps_sc_laws_handout.pdf
Glencoe’s Advanced Mathematical Concepts
https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/TrigApps/TALawCosinesPractice.html
Scahum’s Outlines of College Mathematics
https://www.tvusd.k12.ca.us/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=26113&dataid=9986&FileName=Ch%208%20Applications%20of%20Trigonomet
ry.pdf
Plane and Spherical Trigonometry by Wentworth
https://www.highskills.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/83/2017/11/MCF3M-MNF-Day-4-Applications-of-the-Sine-Law.pdf
http://anna-kuczynska.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/5/0/18500966/trigonometry_085_-_section_t5_the_law_of_sines_and_cosines_and_its_applications.pdf
https://www.houstonisd.org/cms/lib2/TX01001591/Centricity/Domain/21026/PreCalc_Unit_6_Soln.pdf
Algebra and Trigonometry by Openstax
http://faculty.madisoncollege.edu/alehnen/Trigonometry/Mollweide_Formulas.pdf
http://www.nabla.hr/GE-
AppTrigonomB1.htm#:~:text=Example%3A%20Determine%20length%20of%20sides,and%20angle%20g%20%3D113%C2%B0.&text=Example%3A%20Given%
20is%20the%20sum,and%20angles%20of%20the%20triangle.
https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Precalculus/Book%3A_Elementary_Trigonometry_(Corral)/02%3A_General_Triangles/2.03%3A_The_Law_of_Tangents
https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/TrigApps/TAUsingLawCosines.html
https://yoshiwarabooks.org/trig/The-Law-of-Cosines.html
Schaum’s Outlines of Trigonometry
https://socratic.org/questions/how-do-you-determine-the-number-of-possible-triangles-and-find-the-measure-of-th#498376