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    Ideal Low Pass Filter: HT Hfe DF

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    Tsy Less Dahal
    An ideal low pass filter (LPF) has: 1) A gain of 1 for frequencies below a cutoff frequency B and a gain of 0 above B, perfectly transmitting low frequencies without distortion. 2) A linear phase shift that results in a fixed time delay td for all frequencies below B. 3) An impulse response that is a sinc function with peak amplitude 2B centered at td, with main lobe duration of 1/B and rise time to peak of 1/2B. However, it is non-causal, with some response before time t=0.

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    Ideal Low Pass Filter: HT Hfe DF

    Uploaded by

    Tsy Less Dahal
    104 views4 pages
    An ideal low pass filter (LPF) has: 1) A gain of 1 for frequencies below a cutoff frequency B and a gain of 0 above B, perfectly transmitting low frequencies without distortion. 2) A linear phase shift that results in a fixed time delay td for all frequencies below B. 3) An impulse response that is a sinc function with peak amplitude 2B centered at td, with main lobe duration of 1/B and rise time to peak of 1/2B. However, it is non-causal, with some response before time t=0.

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    Ideal LPF

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    Ideal LPF

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    An ideal low pass filter (LPF) has: 1) A gain of 1 for frequencies below a cutoff frequency B and a gain of 0 above B, perfectly transmitting low frequencies without distortion. 2) A linear phase shift that results in a fixed time delay td for all frequencies below B. 3) An impulse response that is a sinc function with peak amplitude 2B centered at td, with main lobe duration of 1/B and rise time to peak of 1/2B. However, it is non-causal, with some response before time t=0.

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    104 views4 pages

    Ideal Low Pass Filter: HT Hfe DF

    Uploaded by

    Tsy Less Dahal
    An ideal low pass filter (LPF) has: 1) A gain of 1 for frequencies below a cutoff frequency B and a gain of 0 above B, perfectly transmitting low frequencies without distortion. 2) A linear phase shift that results in a fixed time delay td for all frequencies below B. 3) An impulse response that is a sinc function with peak amplitude 2B centered at td, with main lobe duration of 1/B and rise time to peak of 1/2B. However, it is non-causal, with some response before time t=0.

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    Ideal Low Pass Filter

     A filter is a frequency selective network that permits a band of frequency to pass through it
    with little attenuation.
     An LPF is a filter that allows only low frequency signals to pass through it.
     The allowed band of frequency is known as passband and attenuated or non-passed
    frequency band is known as stop band.
     An ideal low pass filter may be characterized by a gain of 1 for all frequencies below
    some cut-off frequency B in Hz (Pass Band) i.e. distortion less transmission, and a gain of 0
    for all higher frequencies (Stop Band).
     The ideal LPF has a linear phase of slope -t d , which results in a time dealy of t d seconds for
    all its input components of frequencies below B Hz. Therefore, if the input is a signal x(t)
    band limited to B Hz, the output y(t) is x(t) delayed by td ,i.e.
    y(t) = x(t-td)
     The transfer function of ideal LPF is given by:

    H( f )   e  j 2  ftd ; B  f  B
    0; f  B

    H(f)
    1

    f
    -B 0 B

    Ø(f)=-2πtd

    Fig: LPF frequency response


    The impulse response of ideal LPF is given by:

     H ( f )e
     j 2 ft
    h(t )  df
    
    B

    B
     e  j 2 ftd e  j 2 ft df

    B

    B
     e j 2 f (t td ) df

    B
     e j 2 f ( t  t d ) 
      j 2 f ( t  t d ) 
     B
    1  e j 2 B ( t  t d )  e  j 2 B ( t  t d ) 

     (t  td )  2j


    sin[2 B(t  td )]

     (t  td )
    2 B sin[2 B(t  td )]

    2 B(t  td )
     2 B sin c[2 B(t  td )]

     The impulse response has peak amplitude of 2B centered at time td.


     The duration of main lobe of the impulse response is 1/B and build up time from 0 at the
    beginning of main lobe to the peak value is 1/2B
     For any finite value of td there is some response from the filter before the time t=0
    confirming that the ideal LPF is non causal.

    System Bandwidth:
    In the case of a low pass system, the 3-dB bandwidth is defined as the difference between zero
    frequency at which the amplitude response attains its peak value H(0) and the frequency at which
    the amplitude response drops to a value equal to H(0) /√2

    Fig: LP System BW

    In the case of band pass system the 3-dB bandwidth is defined as the difference
    between the frequencies at which the amplitude response drops to a value equal to
    1
    2 times the peak value H(fc) at mid band frequency fc

    Fig: BP System BW

    Signal bandwidth:
    The bandwidth of a signal provides a measure of the extent of significant spectral content of the
    signal for positive frequencies.
    A signal is said to be low pass if its significant spectral content is centered around
    the origin, and bandwidth is defined as one half total width of main spectral lobe.

    A signal is said to be band pass if its significant spectral content is centered around
    ±fc where fc is a non-zero frequency and the bandwidth is defined as the width of
    main lobe for positive frequencies.

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