9/10 TLE

NEEDLECRAFT

LEARNER’S MATERIAL
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The Editors

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 Technology and
Livelihood
Education
Needlecraft

Regional Office Management and Development Team: Job S. Zape, Jr.,

Jhonathan S. Cadavido, Romyr L. Lazo, Fe M. Ong-Ongowan, Lhovie A. Caui-
lan, and Philips T. Monterola

Schools Division Office Management Team: Aimee Sibayan, Neriza C. Dela Rosa, Lo-
rena S. Teodosio, Lea G. Gonzales, Marilyn T. Corpuz, Christopher D. Picones, Ramil D.
Sta. Catalina, Christopher R. Diaz, Juan R. Araojo Jr., Cristina C. Salazar, Priscilla V.
Salo, Rosanito S. Paras, Bernadette B. Patag

TLE (Needlecraft)—Grade 9/10

PIVOT IV-A Learner’s Material
Quarter 1
First Edition, 2020

Published by: Department of Education Region IV-A CALABARZON

Regional Director: Wilfredo E. Cabral
Assistant Regional Director: Ruth L. Fuentes

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
WEEK
1 Understanding Concepts Related to Needlecraft
Lesson
I This lesson introduces you to identify major needlecraft techniques and to
understand the concept of needlecraft as a hobby
After going through this lesson, you are expected to know the concept of
needlecraft techniques, identify the needlecraft techniques, describe needlecraft
techniques, appreciate the value of needlecraft’s concept. You are also expected to
enumerate safety and precautionary measure in needlecraft, identify safety and
precautionary measure in needlecraft, describe safety and precautionary measure
in needlecraft and recognize the value of safety and precautionary measures in
needlecraft .
Learning Task 1: Read each statement carefully. Identify the word/s being de-
scribed in the statement. Choose your answer in the word pool.Write the letter of
the correct answer in your notebook.

Calado crochet knitting

quilting smocking embroidery

__________ 1. The art or process of decorating fabric or materials with a wide va-
riety of thread or yarn color using needle.
_________ 2. It comes from the latin word “culcita” meaning a large stuffed sack,
mattress or cushion. It is the process of sewing two or more layers of material to-
gether.
_________ 3. The process of using two or more needles to loop yarn into a series
of interconnected loops in order to create a finished garment or to create a cloth.
_________ 4. It is a needlework consisting of the interlocking of looped stitches
formed with a single thread and a hooked needle. It has been used in the intricate
process of lacemaking.
_________ 5. A decorative or shirring design to control fullness in garments by
gathering the fabric.
The handicraft industry plays an important role in the economic growth of
our country especially now that many handicraft owners are exporting their prod-
ucts to their countries. Over the years, Philippine handicrafts continuously sus-
tain and promote our cultural heritage. On the other hand, handicraft offers op-
portunity to express and enhance one’s creativity, resourcefulness which eventu-
ally leads to become a productive citizen of our country.
There are various forms of handicrafts and one of these is needlecraft. Nee-
dlecraft uses needle for construction if products or articles. You may choose from
the various kinds of needlecraft such as crocheting, embroidering, quilting, and
knitting.
Major Needlecraft Techniques
1. CROCHET. Crochet is a patterned fabric created
by looping material with a hooked needle. The most
popular material used to crochet is yarn. The inter-
locking of the loops is done by using a crochet hook.
Actually, the word “crochet” comes from the French
word “crochet” which means “small hook”.
It is a needlework consisting of the interlock-
ing of looped stitches formed with a single thread
and a hooked needle. It has been used in the
intricate process of lace making .

4 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
2. EMBROIDERY. Embroidery is the process of cre-
ating designs upon a material like woven fabric, pa-
per, leather and more by using a needle. This can be
done by hand or by machine. Sometimes other mate-
rials are combined like beads and sequins. The art
or process of decorating fabric or materials with a
wide variety of thread or yarn color using needle.

3. CROSS STITCH. Cross stitch is a type of sewing

or embroidery technique that involves forming a
stitch by crossing two stitches with each other. The
crossing of the stitches forms an “X” shape that
when multiplied can form an image or design of
choice.

4. KNITTING. Knitting is the process of using two

or more needles to loop yarn into a series of inter-
connected loops in order to create a finished gar-
ment or to create a cloth. It is the art of creating a
two-dimensional fabric by interlocking loops of
yarn. This can be done by hand or machine. The
two most popular
varieties of knitting are warp knitting and weft knit-
ting.

5. QUILTING. Quilting and quilt art is the technique

of using two layers of fabric, usually with a soft ma-
terial placed in between the layers and then stitched
together. Some quilts are hung as art and some are
used for more practical reasons like keeping warm.
It comes from the latin word “culcita” meaning a
large stuffed sack, mattress or cushion. It is the pro-
cess of sewing two or more layers of material togeth-
er.

6. PATCHWORK. When small pieces of fabric are

sewn together at the edges to form a design or pat-
tern, it is called patchwork. The pieces are often dif-
ferent in color and shape. The patches of fabric can
be arranged to form a picture but are sometimes
randomly placed.

5 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
SAFETY PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES IN NEEDLECRAFT

There are several forms of handicrafts and one of these is needlecraft. Nee-
dlecraft uses needles and other tools and materials to produce product or articles.
Doing those products we need to be careful in order to avoid accident. Following
safety and precautionary measures will eliminate accident.

Safety rules when performing manual work (sewing, embroidery, knitting)

When sewing it is necessary to comply with safety requirements.

General hygiene requirements for sewing toys:

1. Before you begin, hide your hair for convenience;
2. The light should fall on the working surface from the left side or from the front.

Safety precautions when working with fabric, thread and accessories:

1. Keep all needlework during work breaks in the product package;
2. Keep all small parts from the set in special bags with a zip lock;
3. When working do not bite through the thread with your teeth or tear it with
your hands;
4. The length of a thread when sewing must not exceed the length of the distance
to the elbow;
5. When working with seed bead, use shallow containers (e.g. saucer);;
6. When working with bulk materials put on a face mask.

Safety precautions when working with needles, pins and knitting needles:
1. Keep needles and pins at a certain place (a special box, cushion, etc.), do not
leave them at the workplace, never take the needle, pins in your mouth and do
not stick them in the clothes. Do not leave a needle and pins in the product;
2. Use thimble when sewing;
3. Do not use rusty needles and pins in your work;
4. Attach patterns to fabric with sharp ends of pins away from you;
5. Collect and dispose of pieces of broken needles or pins, wrapped in paper;
6. Count the number of pins taken before work and the number of pins at the
end of the work, it must be the same;
7. Keep knitting needles and the hook in the case, at the end of the work remove
them out of reach of small children;
8. When working with knitting needles keep them no closer than 35 centimeters
from your eyes.

Safety precautions when working with scissors:

1. Keep the scissors in the case and out of reach of children;
2. When working, do not leave the scissors blades open;
3. Do not hold scissors with sharp sides up, and do not use them when central
fastener is weakened;
4. When working closely observe the direction of cutting. Do not cut in motion;
5. When working hold the material with your left hand so that the fingers are
away from the blade.

6 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
Safety precautions when working with electric appliances:
1. Before operating the appliance, check that the cord is in proper condition,
and if there are any faults, correct them;
2. Turn on and turn off the appliance, holding the plug with dry hands;
3. Do not leave the active appliance unattended;
4. Place iron only on a special heat-resistant stand;
5. When working, make sure that the cord does not touch the iron soleplate;
6. Keep the appliance in an upright position;
7. Choose an ironing mode suiting the fabric composition;
8. When ironing, do not touch hot surfaces of the iron with hands and do not
dampen the fabric being ironed with plenty of water.
Safety precautions when working on the sewing machine:
1. Before starting work remove needles and pins from the product;
2. Check the holding strength of the needle and presser;
3. When working, the distance to the machine has to be 10-15 cm;
4. No foreign objects have to be located next to the machine during operation;
5. When sewing, hands have to be at a safe distance from the moving parts of
the machine.

Learning Task 1: Read the given description below. Choose what kind of needle-
craft is being identified. Write the correct letter in a separate sheet of paper.

A B C D E

_________ 1. Yolly will use two or more needles to loop yarn into a series of inter-
connected loops.
_________ 2. Does Ana use two layers of fabric, with a soft material and placed in
between the layers and stitched it together?
_________ 3. I will use appropriate materials like woven fabric or yarn color to cre-
ate designs using a needle.
_________ 4. Does she use crochet hook to interlock the loops?
_________ 5. I have pieces of fabric with different color and shaped, I will sew it to-
gether to form a design or pattern.

7 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 E
Learning Task 2: Analyze and understand the concepts in the given illustrations
below. Write at least 5 things who have noticed about safety and precautionary
measures. Answer the guide questions in a separate sheet of paper.

1. _________________________________________
2. _________________________________________
3. _________________________________________
4. _________________________________________
5. _________________________________________

Guide Questions:
1. What safety and precautionary measures are not followed?
2. How will you make your workplace safe? Describe it
3. How important safety and precautionary measures in doing needlecraft
activity?

A
Learning Task 3:
Write your experience in making a project. State the challenges or difficul-
ties you encountered with regards to safety and precautionary measures. Describe
the importance of following safety and precautionary measures when doing a cer-
tain project. (Be able to write 5 safety measures.)

Rubrics
Excellent- Can give 5 precautionary measure
Very Good - Can give 3 - 4 precautionary measure
Good - Can give 1 – 2 precautionary measure

8 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
WEEK
2 Understanding Embroidery as a Needlecraft Technique
Lesson
I
This lesson will guide you to understand embroidery as a craft and its tech-
nique and to define embroidery as a needle craft technique. After going through
this lesson, you are expected to define embroidery as a needle craft technique,
identify general kinds of embroidery techniques, describe embroidery as needle
craft techniques, appreciate the value of different embroidery techniques. You are
also expected to identify the tools and materials use in embroidery, differentiate
tools and materials in embroidery, describe the tools and materials use in embroi-
dery and realize the value of embroidery tools and materials.
Embroidery is one activity which is not only wholesome; it is also profita-
ble. One who engages in this activity finds out that he/she can earn money while
relaxing from the pressures of daily life. Embroidery is the handicraft of decorat-
ing fabric or other materials with needle and thread or
yarn of different colors.
General Kinds of Embroidery
1. Free style embroidery - is worked over a traced de-
sign or a design stamped on a materials and a group of
stitches are used to create the design using needle and
thread.
2. A. Counted thread embroidery - is made by count-
ing the threads of the fabric and working each stitch
over
the exact number of thread.
B. Cross stitch embroidery-Cross-stitch is a form of
sewing and a popular form of counted-thread embroidery
in which X-shaped stitches in a tiled, raster-like pattern
are used to form a picture. The stitches counts the
threads on a piece of even weave fabric in each direction
so that the stitches are of uniform size and appearance.

3. Other Embroidery style- it is consider special or fancy

kind of embroidery .
A. Monograming - using different style of letters to
create design. The technique used to gather fabric
so that it can stretch, stitches are sewn on a portion
of fabric on which small folds have been fold.

B. Applique-technique in which patterns or representa-

tional scenes are created by the attachment of smaller
pieces of fabric to a larger piece of contrasting color or
texture.

C. Calado- is a traditional style of whitework embroidery

from the Phillipines. Calado (piercing) is a method of
decorating a textile by pulling out threads from certain
areas, reinforcing other areas and sewing them together
to make intricate lacy designs.

9 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 The quality of an embroidered article does not only depend on the skills of
the maker but also in the kind of sewing tools and materials being used. The em-
broidery tools and materials should be orderly put in a sewing box or into an or-
ganizer. You should remember the fact that – the more tools you have, the more
attractive your embroidery designs will be.

A. Embroidery Tools
A tool is any instrument or simple piece of equipment that you hold in your
hands and use to do a particular kind of work.
1. Embroidery needle is a short piece of steel with a fine
point at one end and a little opening or eye at the other.
Needles are of three basic types namely: a) crewel sizes; b)
chenille sizes and; c) tapestry needles.
A. Crewel has sizes 1-10 and sharp-pointed, medium -
length with large eyes for easy threading. They are used
for most standard embroidery stitching.
B. Chenille - sizes 13 to 26 are also sharp-pointed needles, but they are
thicker and longer and have larger eyes; appropriate for embroidery that is
worked with heavier yarns.
C. Tapestry needles are from sizes 13 to 26. They are similar in size to Che-
nille but are blunt rather than sharp. This makes them best for thread-
counting embroidery and needle point.

2. Embroidery scissors. You will need embroidery scissors

that are sharp, pointed, and curved upward. They will
help you in doing some tasks like trimming scallops, clip-
ping threads, or cutting large eyelets.

3. Stiletto. It is the tool used in making eyelets. It is usual-

ly made of wood, bone or metal. This is a very exclusive
embroidery tool that may help you with applying special
kinds of embroidery techniques.

4. Embroidery frame or Hoops. It is a device to keep the

fabric stretched while you apply embroidery stitches on
the design.
• Hoops come in many sizes, marked by their diam-
eter in inches.
• To mount fabric into the hoop, loosen the screw
join and separate the two rings; then, layer the fabric over
the inner ring and press the outer ring down around the inner ring; tighten the
screw again, and this should secure your fabric in the embroidery.

5. Gauge or Ruler. It is used to measure short distances.

6. Tape Measure. It is intended for measuring more than

one-foot distances or materials.

10 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 7. Thimbles are made from metal or plastic, protect the mid-
dle finger and push the needle while doing embroidery work.

8. Needle Threader is used for easier threading especially by

those sewers with poor eyesight. It aids in putting the thread
to the needle. It consists of two parts: handle and the wire.

4. Pin Cushions maybe made of cotton, wool or hair. This is

where the pins and needles are pinned.

B. Embroidery Materials
It is defined as the physical components of something, or to do the things
required to build something or accomplish a task.
1. Fabrics sometimes referred to as cloths, are of great variety, and they differ
in material, weight, weave, design, color and finish.
Types of Fabric:
A. Even-weave are intended for hardanger embroidery since
the number of threads per square inch is thesame for both
warp and weft/woof.

B. Common-weave includes most tightly woven fabrics with a

relatively smooth surface like linen, wool and cotton. They are
best used for articles with decorative stitches.

C. Basket weave is commonly used by beginners and ramie

linen, wool and cotton. They are best used for articles with
decorative stitches.

2. Embroidery Threads - They are bought in skeins, balls, or

spool. They are available in a variety of colors which are usual-
ly coded with numbers and color names. Select threads which
are colorfast. Buy embroidery threads which will suit the tex-
ture of the fabric. Some embroidery threads are mercerized and
shiny.

3. Carbon Paper - It is a specially waxed carbon paper that

transfer’s the tracing wheel’s markings to the fabric. A color
of tracing paper should be chosen that is close to the color of
the fabric. Different brands of tracing paper have different in-
structions; therefore, the instructions for the particular brand
that is purchased should be followed.

4. Chalk Pencil allow for the placement of fine lines on fab-

ric, and many of them have an eraser or brush so that the
marks can be removed from the fabric.

11 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 D
Learning Task 1: Match the descriptions in Column A to their correct names as
listed in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.

Column A Column B

1. It is commonly used for placement of fine A. Embroidery needle

lines on fabric.
2. This material can be bought in skeins, ball or B Scissors
spool.
3. It is the device used to keep the fabric heavy C. Fabric
stretched while you apply embroidery
stitches on the design D. Chalk pencil
4. It is selected according to the purpose and
the design to be used usually varies from E. Embroidery frame
very soft to very heavy.
5. A tool used for trimming scallops, clipping F. Embroidery threads
threads or cutting large eyelets.
6. A short piece of steel with a fine point at one G. Tape measure
end and a little opening or eye
7. It is used to measure more than one-foot H. Pin cushion
distance.
8. A tool used in making eyelets. I. Stiletto
9. It is made from metal or plastic, protect the
middle finger and push the needle while J. Thimble
doing embroidery work.
10.It is where the needles are pinned. K. Ruler

E Learning Task 2: In a short bond paper, fill up the table with pictures of
different embroidery techniques from the old magazine or newspaper or any avail-
able materials at home. Follow the rubrics below.

RUBRICS
Cut at least 5 embroidery techniques/design 10
cut at least 3 embroidery techniques/design 6
cut at least 1 embroidery techniques /design 3

Embroidery Applique Calado Cross stitch Smocking

12 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 A
Learning Task 3: In a short bond paper, write a simple SPOKEN POETRY that will
describe the proper usage of tools and materials.

Rubrics:
Criteria Points
Creativity and originality 1
Application of proper usage of tools and materials 2
Content 2
Total 5

Learning Task 4: In a short bond paper, identify what is being described in each
statement. Choose your answer from the wordpool below.

free -style and counted monograming

applique crosstitch calado

_________ 1. The two general kinds of embroidery.

_________ 2. It is decorating fabric or other materials with needle and thread or
yarn of different colors.
_________ 3. Decorating fabric or other materials with needle and thread.
_________ 4. Is worked over a traced design or a design stamped on a materials to
create the design using thread and needle.
_________ 5. Using different style of letters to create design.

Learning Task 5: In a short bond paper, identify the embroidery materials being
describe.
___________ 1. I have eleven letters. I have different colors and I am special be-
cause I can transfer the tracing wheel’s markings to the fabric.
___________ 2. I am a short piece of steel with a fine point at one end and a little
opening or eye. I have six letters.
___________ 3. I can help you in doing some tasks like trimming scallops, clipping
threads or cutting large eyelets.
___________ 4. I have variety of colors and usually coded with numbers and color
names.
___________ 5. Sometimes they referred me as cloths, I have many variations in
materials, designs and colors and I’m a six letters word.

13 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
WEEKS
3-8 Creating Embroidered Products with Package
Lesson
I
This lesson contains the creation of embroidered products with package
and the proper manipulation of tools and materials for embroidery. As you go
through this lesson, you are expected to identify the basic stitches in embroidery ,
perform the basic stitches in embroidery using proper tools and materials, create
embroidered article using proper tools and materials and appreciate the value of
using proper tools and materials.

Basic Embroidery Stitches

There are various embroidery stitches which you can choose from when you
do embroidery work. For you to gain more skill on this line, below are the illustra-
tion of some of the embroidery stitches which will help and guide you as you enjoy
working on this lovely craft. Here are the basic embroidery stitches:

1. Back stitch- the most often used to outline a design. This stitch also forms the
base line for other embroidery stitches.

2. Bullion stitch- a single detached stitch that is

used for filling in a design area. Rows of bullion
stitches may also be used to outline a design. It is
recommended that one uses a needle with a small
eye for ease in pulling.

3. Chain stitch- one of the more popular stitches

used for outlining. When worked in close rows,
chain stitches make good stitches for filling the de-
sign area.

4. Cross-stitch- stitched formed by two crossing

arms and may be used for outlining, as borders or
to fill in an entire area.

5. Feather stitch- a stitch with a loop and stitches

evenly worked on both left and right sides of a de-
sign area.

6. Fish Bone- a kind of filling stitch which is ideal

for making leaves or feathers. It requires us to divide
the pattern into two and each side is filled alternate-
ly giving it a plaited effect in the central, thus ideal to
make leaves or feathers.

7. French knot- a single detached stitched used pri-

marily to fill in a design area. It is a popular stitch
among embroiderers in that it can be used to create
the eyes on an embroidered face or the center of a
flower.

14 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 8. Herringbone stitch- a basic overlapping stitch pop-
ular for its use in borders.

9. Lazy daisy chain stitch- also called detached chain

stitch, this stitch is work in a circle to resemble the
petals of a flower.

10. Looped stitch- a very decorative stitch and can be

experimented with threads for various colors over
borders. Close layers of this stitch can create won-
derful effects on a pattern.

11. Running stitch- considered being the easiest

stitch for outlining.

12. Satin stitch- a solid filling stitch that is used to

cover a design area with long, straight stitches
worked very close together.

13. Split- done using quite thick threads, such as

wool. It was used as an outlining stitch or as a filling
stitch.

14. Seed- also known as rice grain stitch. Stitch uses

simple straight stitches in a single direction to fill in
patterns. It has shorter stitches above the fabric and
longer stitches on the reverse side. They remind of
strawberry seeds, probably, which inspired its name.

15. Stem Stitch- basically an outline stitch, this

stitch is usually used for flower stems, and outlines.
It can only be used as filling, rows of Stem stitch
worked closely together within a shape until it is
filled completely.

Step-by-step Procedures in Embroidery

1. Back stitch
a. Bring the thread through A and take it in through B. This creates
one stitch.

b. Hold the working thread down towards the left with the thumb.

c. Insert the needle at the point where the thread has just come
through and bring it up on the traced line about one-sixteenth of an
inch / 1.5mm further along.

d. A finished line of back stitch will look like this.

2. Bullion stitch
a. Bring the needle out through A and put the needle through B at a
desired length.

15 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
b. Now, bring the needle out through A again. Then,
wind the thread around the needle as shown. The
distance of wound thread should measure the same
as the distance between A and B. Too many or too
less wraps will spoil the stitch.

c. Then, hold the wrapped thread with your fingers

and pull the needle out with the other finger. Keep
pulling the needle completely in an upward direction
till the wraps lay on the fabric as shown above. Ad-
just and straighten the wraps if required and put in
the needle back through B.

3. Chain stitch
a. Bring the needle through at the top of the traced
line.

b. Hold the working thread down towards the left

with the thumb.

c. Insert the needle at the point where the thread

has just come through and bring it up on the traced
line about one-sixteenth of an inch / 1.5mm further
along.

4. Cross-stitch
a. Bring the needle out through A and take it diag-
onally across to B. Bring it back again through C,
which lies vertically below A.

b. Now put the needle in through D, which lies ver-

tically above B. You have made a single cross.

5. Feather stitch
a. We begin by doing a long tailed daisy with the
start point on A. The loop is angled at about 45 de-
grees since we are making a zig zag pattern. While
making the ‘tail’, before going in through the fabric,
we wrap the thread around the needle as shown in
the illustration.
b. Then, the needle is put in through C and
brought out through D, again at an angle of about 45
degrees. Next, loop the thread around the needle as
shown. This is to make the next long tailed daisy.
c. Continue this procedure of making long tailed
daisies at 5 degree angles.

d. This illustration shows a portion of the feath-

ered chain stitch.

16 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
6. Fish bone
a. To begin with, bring the needle out through point A, which is the top
tip of line Y. Put it in through B, to make a single straight stitch.

b. Now, bring the needle out from a point very close to A on the line X.
Put it in through a point very close to B on line Y. Again pull out the nee-
dle through a point very close to A on
line Z.

c. This procedure of putting in the needle through X and Z alternatively

will follow. Each time we will be connecting X-Y and Y-Z.

d. Make sure all the stitch points lie close to each other to avoid
any visible spaces.

e. Half way through, our leaf would look like this. You can see
the rib being formed.

f. Once finished, the filled leaf would look like this.

7. French knot stitch

a. Bring the needle out through A.

b. Now, place the needle close to the fabric. Wrap the thread around it
twice, as shown.

c. Keep the longer end of the thread pulled with your fingers while put-
ting the needle back in a point just close to A or even through A.

8. Herringbone stitch
a. Bring the needle out through the first stitch line at A. Now, take the
needle in through B, which lies diagonally across A on the second stitch
line. Then, take the needle backwards out through C, which lies near B.

b. Now, the same procedure will be worked on the first stitch line. Take
the needle diagonally across to D and bring the needle backwards out
through E.

c. Continue to make such crosses on both stitch lines alternately.

Make sure the diagonal stitches are parallel to each other to
bring out the best look.

9. Lazy daisy chain stitch

a. Bring the thread out through A. Put in the needle near A and bring it
out through the point B, but don’t pull the needle out completely. Now,
loop the thread around the needle, like we would in chain stitch.
b. Pull out the needle out to tighten the loop. Put in the needle just out-
side the chain created and that will finish the lazy daisy stitch.

17 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 c. This stand-alone stitch can be used freely to be a part
of any design. Since I have decided to make a flower, I will
proceed with making multiple lazy daisies around the marked
stitch line.
d. The completed flower made of multiple lazy daisies.

10. Looped stitch

a. Lay the foundation by doing a running stitch. Take a
contrasting colored thread and bring it out from near the first
running stitch.
b. Start following the pekinese stitch technique. Take the
needle in through the second stitch and come out through the
first, making a loop.

c. Continue this action of ‘looping’ using the running stitch

foundation, as illustrated.

d. Finish up the pattern for it to look like this.

11. Running stitch

a. Bring the needle out at 1.

b. Insert needle down at 2.

c. Continue steps a and b, working right to left, to

make several running stitches. Check that the stitches on
both and wrong sides of fabric are of equal length.

12. Satin stitch

a. Bring the needle out through A and put it in
through B. So, that makes a stitch which covers a small
area between the stitch lines.

b. Now, bring the needle back through C, a point very

close to A. Continue this action over the two stitch lines.

c. Once finished, the area is filled as shown. You will

be spending as much thread on the reverse side as you do
on the actual side of the fabric.

13. Split
a. Bring out the thread out through A and put it in through B.

b. Take the needle backwards to bring it out through

C. Note that C lies half way between A and B.

18 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
CALADO
It is drawn work embroidery which the Philippines is noted for. Foreigners
used to buy and bring home our articles with Calado work because of the dainti-
ness of design and fineness of workmanship. Fine and even weave cloth is best
suited for this. To achieve good design, transfer your chosen design to the cloth by
pricking method.
The Philippines was already known in Europe and other place throughout
the world for its fine, intricate embroidery work even far back as the 19th century
Among the main centers of embroidery craftsmanship in the country during the
time were Ermita, Santa Ana, and Malate. Manila was particularly noted for em-
broidered articles with satin-stitched designs combined with Calado.
The Calado Process
There are seven steps to make-up the Calado embroidery process
for beginners.
1. Draw the design on a sheet of paper
2. Using one of the methods of design transfer, transfer it to the wax paper.
3. With a fine needle, perforate the design
4. Print the design on fabric using a mixture of kerosene, alcohol and blue
dye. Your teacher will guide you in doing this step.
5. Set the work in a bastidor or embroidery hoop, then apply Calado stitch-
ing on the areas requiring this.
6. All around the work, apply scallop edging design
7. Soak and wash the work then set into the banatan, a rectangular em-
broidery frame to stretch and even out the material.

SMOCKING
Smocking is a decorative embroidery or shirring especially designed
to control fullness in garments by gathering the fabric in regularly spaced tucks
held in place with fancy stitches. It is an interesting design feature in a variety of
articles but is popularly used for children’s women’s clothing. It is commonly ap-
plied to areas of clothing with simple rectangular patterns such as the neckline,
yoke, sleeve hem and cuffs. Smocking was practical for garments to be both form
fitting and flexible, hence its name derives from smock — a farmer's work shirt.
Smocking was used most extensively in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Basic Methods
Smocking is done in either two basic methods: regular and Eng-
lish. These two methods differ basically as to the side of the fabric where dots are
marked. The dots serve as the guide for the smocking stitches. In regular smock-
ing, the dots are marked on the right side of the fabric before smocking stitches
are formed from dot to dot, gathering the fabric in each stitch.

19 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 In English smocking, the dots are marked on the wrong side of the fabric
before the rows of uneven running stitches are worked from dot to dot, forming
small pleats. This process is referred to as pre-gathering. Smocking stitches are
then worked on the right side of the fabric with a small stitch taken at each pleat
previously.

Beginners in smocking are advised to use the English method of smocking

as the pre-gathering to make the smocking stitches easier.

Basic Tools And Materials

1. Soft, light weighted fabrics like cotton, lawn and soft wool are most suitable
as these fabrics gather easily. As smocking work takes up much fabric, re-
member to always use two to three times the desired finished width.
2. Crewel or chenille needles from 5 to 7.
3. Pearl cotton or embroidery floss.
4. You will also need grid to guide you as you work. The grid is marked on the
fabric in evenly spaced dots. Hot-iron transfer sheets of the grid maybe
bought from crafts store. Or you may take your own grid using graphing
paper.
Basic Stitches and Variations
There are five basic smocking stitches and two variations. The stitches are
the cable, stem or outline, honeycomb, surface honeycomb, and vandyke. The
stitch variations are the wave stitch and trellis stitch. The following are the direc-
tions in making each stitch in both regular and English methods. Remember that
the last step does not apply to the regular method; it is only to be done for the
English method.
1. Cable stitch is a tight stitch of double rows that
joins alternating columns of gathers. The cable stitch
is made up of alternating down cable and up cable
stitches worked in a straight line. The needle is al-
ways inserted perpendicular to the pleats and parallel
to the gathering threads.
a. Start by bringing the needle up to the left of the first pleat. With the thread un-
der needle, pick up the second pleat, inserting the needle from right to left.
This is called an under cable. Give a gentle tug upward as you finish the stitch.
b. The third pleat is picked up in the same manner but with the thread above the
needle. This is called an over cable. Gently pull the thread down as you finish
the stitch.
20 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
c. Continue across the row in this manner with the thread alternating above be-
low and above the needle. Use your needle to push stray stitches into align-
ment. Always keep your needle parallel to the gathering row as you sew and
you cable stitch will sit right.
2. Outline stitch is similar to the stem stitch but with an
upward slope.
a. Bring the needle up on the left side of a pleat, then
pick up the next pleat to the right allowing needle to
slant.
b. The thread is kept above the needle, it can however
be kept below needle slanting upwards.
Starting off with the project
For smooth sailing and good quality work, here are some tips on how to start with
your projects:
1. Plan out your design carefully before to start your project.
2. In smocking, make sure that the yarn is above the needle when working
down and below the needle when working up.
3. Never overcrowd the gathers. As much as possible, combine smocking stitch-
es and colors to produce an interesting and attractive effect in your work.
4. Observe balance by starting to work from the center to the design.
5. Always evaluate the design before you stitch it out
6. In embroidering, use a hoop that is in good condition.
7. Use the size of hoop that is the closest to the size of the design. It is im-
portant that you do not push the inner hoop through too much. This could
cause other problems.
8. Do not stretch the grain of the fabric.

Design transfer
Embroidery design is a drawing or sketch of the work to be done. Designs
are selected to suit the purposes of the articles to be embroidered. Some articles
need elaborate designs while some need simple designs or monograms and tiny
motifs. Motifs may be made individually as the ones used on ladies handker-
chiefs. The design must be simple but decorative, adding beauty to the materials.
Also, considering the principles of design will produce more quality result. Designs
to be embroidered need to be neatly transferred on cloth. The following are several
ways of transferring designs on fabrics:

IRONING - There are commercial designs available in novel-

ty stores which are printed on thin transfer sheets. The de-
sign is transferred by laying the design on the fabric and
passing over a hot flat iron on the transfer sheet. The design
will then be imprinted on the cloth. For smocked fabrics,
when transferring the grids using hot iron, make sure to
check that the side and bottom edges of the transfer and
fabric are aligned. There is also a need to leave a seam allowance above the top
row of dots.
TRACING - This is the simplest method of transferring design.
Use a light colored carbon paper for light colored fabrics. Place
the carbon paper face down on the cloth and lay the design on
top. Trace the design by using a pencil or any sharp, pointed
object. In smocked articles, graphing paper may also be used
to trace the design.
21 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 c. While bringing out the thread through C, take it in between the
thread, splitting it into two.

d. Again, put the needle in through D to bring it out through B, splitting

the thread.

e. Continue this procedure to finish the stitch. The only thing to keep in
mind is to split the thread when bringing the needle out. In some way, it
will give you a visual feel of chain stitch.

f. The reverse of the fabric will give you a backstitch pattern.

14. Seed Stitch

a. Make rows of short running stitch as illustrated. You need not do row
after row, as long as the strawberry seed pattern is more or less maintained.

b. Try not bend with the curves of the pattern. The rows of running stitch
should essentially be done in straight lines.

15. Stem Stitch

a. Bring out the thread through A and take it in through B. Take the nee-
dle backwards and bring the thread out through C. Make sure the point C
lies over the stitch A-B.

b. You need to note that the point C lies about half way A and B. Also
note that C lies on top of the stitch A-B. So, all the subsequent stitch points
will lie on top their previous stitch.

c. Take the needle in through D. Try to mark D in such a way that the
point B will lie half way through C-D. Bring the needle out through B.

d. So, the pattern of two stitches of the stem stitch will be as shown
above.

D
Learning Task 1: Write the correct letter in you notebook by picking the
letter of the correct answer.

A B C D E

_____ 1. An outline stitch often used for the stems in floral designs.
_____ 2. It is also called detached chain stich that worked in a circle resemble the
petals of a flower.
_____ 3. This stitch mostly used to outline design and also forms the base line for
other embroidery stitch.
_____ 4. A solid filling stitch that is used to cover a design area with long, straight
stitches worked very close together.

22 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 E
Learning Task 2: Sew the given stitches below following the procedures stated on
pages 14-19. Compile your work in a portfolio ( use old notebook or old magazine as your
portfolio). Follow the rubrics given below.

1. Back stitch
2. Bullion stitch
3. Chain stitch
4. Cross stitch
5. Feather stitch
6. Fish stitch
7. French knot stitch
8. Herringbone stitch
9. Lazy daisy stitch
10. Looped stitch
11. Running stitch
12. Satin stitch
13. Split stitch
14. Seed stitch
15. Stem stitch
Tools and Materials Needed:
5x5 inches swatches of cloth any color
Thread any color
Needle
Scissor
Other tools and materials needed in embroidery

Rubrics:
Criteria:
Points
Appearance (uniformity of stitch and tension) 4
Neatness of the work (no stain, starting and closing stitches 4
not noticeable, no ravels or hanging threads)
Workmanship (used appropriate tools and materials) 2
TOTAL SCORE 10

A Learning Task 3: Using 15x15 garment or any fabric available create a Calado
Stitching techniques by following the steps below. There are seven steps in Calado embroi-
dery process for beginners. Put your finished products in your portfolio.
Use the rubrics and criteria in the previous learning task (the above rubrics).
1. Draw the design on a sheet of paper
2. Using one of the methods of design transfer, transfer it to
the wax paper.
3. With a fine needle, perforate the design
4. Print the design on fabric using a mixture of kerosene, alco-
hol and blue dye. Your text or chat your teacher guide you
in doing this step.
5. Set the work in a bastidor, or embroidery hoop, then apply
Calado stitching on the areas requiring this.
6. All around the work, apply scallop edging design
7. Soak and wash the work then set into the banatan, a rectangular embroidery
frame to stretch and even out the material.

23 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum. Learning
Module on Handicraft Production. Exploratory Course Grade 7/8
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. Learning Module on Handicraft (Needlecraft)
Grade 9 Diaz, Eden C. and Nora N. Soriano (2004).
DepEd Learning Module on Handicraft(Needlecraft) G9, pp. pp. 12-13; 30-31.
LEARNING MODULE GRADE 7 DRESSMAKING

24 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
Para sa mga katanungan o puna, sumulat o tumawag sa:

Department of Education Region 4A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Cainta Rizal

Landline: 02-8682-5773 local 420/421

Email Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph