Student's Learning Activity in ENGLISH: Sacred Heart Diocesan School
Student's Learning Activity in ENGLISH: Sacred Heart Diocesan School
Student's Learning Activity in ENGLISH: Sacred Heart Diocesan School
Check it out!
VOCABULARY: Write O if the pair of words are opposite in meaning. S if it is similar in meaning.
1. Possible – Probable
2. Obligation – Necessity
3. Giving permission – Requesting permission
4. Recommended – Advised
5. Advisability - Thoughtlessness
Also, they are special verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different
from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They give additional information about
the function of the main verb that follows it and have a great variety
of communicative functions.
Note: Our lesson will focus only in the 3 functions of modals; Permission, Obligation, and Prohibition
Permission
Obligation -We use have to and must to express obligation. There is a slight difference between the way we use
them.
Have/has/had to - shows us that the obligation comes from outside the speaker.
Examples: *We have to wear a uniform when we're working in reception.
*(Student to teacher) When do we have to hand in our homework?
*Al has to work tomorrow so he can't come.
No Obligation
Don't have to - We use don’t have to show that there is no obligation. You can do something if you want to
but it's not compulsory.
Examples: *You don't have to wear a tie in our office but some people like to dress more formally.
*You don't have to go to the bank to do a transfer. You can do it online.
*You don't have to come with me, honestly. I'll be fine!
Note: mustn’t / don’t have to
The negative forms mustn’t and don’t have to are completely different. Mustn’t is used to express prohibition
(an obligation not to do something), whereas don’t have to is used to express an absence of obligation.
=> You mustn’t reveal where you get the information. (=you have the obligation not to do it)
=>You don’t have to arrive before 7. (=you can do it, but it’s not necessary, there’s no obligation)
Try it!
Direction: Identify the underlined modal in each sentence. If it expresses permission, color the
box YELLOW. If it expresses prohibition, color the box GREEN. And, if it is expresses
obligation, color the box RED.
1. You don’t have to come to my meeting but it would help us all if you’re there.
2. I can’t get a connection on my phone. May I borrow yours?
3. The rules say that you can only invite one guest to the party.
4. I must stay on for a few hours because I’d rather work late today than over the weekend.
5. There’s a lot of noise coming from outside. Could I close the window?
6. You have to start saving money if you want to retire early.
7. Did they tell you that you can’t come to this area? It’s restricted for staffs only.
8. We have to be there 15 minutes before the concert starts.
Instruction: Complete the table below by constructing sentences using appropriate modals.
Modals Sentences
1. Advising a friend for an immediate health
check-up.
Modal: must
2. Asking a permission to use the free
seat/chair.
Modal: can
3. Unable to answer a call.
Modal: can’t
C. ASSESSMENT (Formative/Summative)
Sentence Enhancement
A. Re-write the following sentences using modals so that they have the same meaning.
Ex: A university degree isn’t necessary for a job.
Ans: You don’t need a university degree for that job.
5. I don’t believe that the legend of Hercules is true because there are many contradictions.
Answer: _______________________________________________________________.
B. Use appropriate modal verbs in each sentence. Write your answer after each sentence.
1. ____ you speak any foreign languages?
2. Lis ____ get tired of her job. It is so boring.
3. Where is Nick? He ______ be in his office.
4. Take an umbrella. It ______ rain later.
5. Jack _______ go to the hospital yesterday.
6. You look tired. You _____ go to bed.
7. ____ be it true?
8. Jane was so tired. She ____ have worked days and night.
9. This _____ be done by planning one’s daily routine.
10. You _____ regularly study if you wish to graduate.
Let’s write!
Directions: In your own words, define modals and its functions. Write your answer in a clean long
bond paper. Follow the format below. (20 pts.)
Prohibition
Permission Obligation
MODAL
IV. MASTERY EXERCISES (Post Assessment)
Answer this!
A. Complete the blanks with appropriate modal verbs (must, can’t, or might). Write your answer in the
blank provided.
2. Michelle ________________ want to participate in the festival - it seems like the type of thing she'd be
interested in. Why don’t you ask her?
3. She goes camping every weekend. She ________________ really love the outdoors.
4. He worked hard on his report, then accidentally deleted the file from his computer. He
________________ be upset.
5. You ________________ be right - but I'm going to check to make sure.
6. We're not sure if this painting is an original. It ________________ be worth thousands of dollars.
7. I ________________ not be able to go to the football game. It depends on whether I can get the
afternoon off from work.
8. He's working full-time and studying for his Ph.D. That ________________ be easy.
9. You just ate a huge dinner! You ________________ be hungry again already!
10. Wow - look at that diamond necklace. It ________________ cost a fortune.
7. I ---- an office but I chose to work from home because everything I need is here.
a. must have rented b. might rent c. could have rented d. may rent
8. You ---- down to about 30 kilometers an hour when you are driving through a school zone between
dawn and dusk.
a. may have slowed b. had to slow c. should have slowed d. must slow
9. When an emergency vehicle is approaching with its lights and siren on, drivers ---- pull over and stop to
get out of the way.
a. must have moved b. must move c. can't have moved d. needn't have moved
10. My girlfriend said I ---- her anything for her birthday, but I think I ---- her some flowers at least or a
nice bottle of wine.
a. didn't need to buy / should buy c. should have bought / must buy
b. may not buy / may have bought d. had to buy / can't have bought