LESSON ONE

New
Terms



largo Very slow


vivo Brisk, lively

 


 

Key Signatures


1. Order of Flats and Sharps in the key signature (review)

Copy the key signatures in the blank measures.

2. Memorize the number of sharps or flats in the following major keys.

Sharps: G D A E
1 2 3 4

Flats: F Bb Eb Ab
1 2 3 4


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3. Fill in the missing letter name for each major key.

Sharps: G ___ ___ ___

1 2 3 4

Flats: F ___ ___ ___

1 2 3 4

Writing Minor Intervals

Intervals of a minor 3rd, 6th, and 7th are formed above the tonic note using notes from a
natural minor scale. Notice that intervals of a 4th, 5th, and octave are Perfect, just as
they are in major scales.

Example: the a natural minor scale

The interval between the first and second degrees of the scale is major in quality. To
form a minor 2nd, it is necessary to lower the top note of a major 2nd by ½ step.

Any minor interval can be formed by lowering

the top note of a major interval by ½ step.


1. Write a d natural minor scale.

2. Add a note above the given note to form the specified interval.


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 LESSON TWO


 

New
Terms

binary form Two part form (AB).
Usually both parts are repeated (AABB).

ternary form Three part form (ABA).

Key Signatures

1. Write the 7 sharps and flats in key signature order.

Sharps

Flats

2. Fill in the letter name of the major keys:

G _____ _____ _____

1 sharp 2 sharps 3 sharps 4 sharps

F _____ _____ _____

1 flat 2 flats 3 flats 4 flats




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 Writing Major and Minor Intervals



 Example




Lower the top note of a major interval by 1/2 step to make it minor.

Write the specified intervals below. Think of the given note as the tonic of a major scale
to write the major interval. Lower the top note to make it minor.

Binary and Ternary Forms

These are two of the most basic structural forms in music composition. Here are a few
hints to help you identify them when analyzing a piece.

Binary Form (AB): Look for repeat signs. There will be two sections and each will
usually be repeated using repeat signs.

Ternary Form (ABA): Look for D. C. al Fine signs. This is a sign that the A section will
be repeated. However, sometimes the second A section will be completely written out
following the B section.

Rhythm
1. Fill in the blanks for the following time signatures.
6/8 There are ____ beats in each measure. A _________ note gets one beat.

There are ____ beats in each measure. A ___________ note gets one beat.


2. Write in the counting for the example below.


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Score Analysis
Russian
Folk
Song

Beethoven

1. The music is written in the key of ______________________.

2. The form of this piece is: ___ binary ___ ternary

3. The interval between the two bass clef notes in measure 15 is: ___________

4. Compare bars 1–4 with bars 5–8. The phrases are:

___ parallel (begin the same) ___contrasting (begin differently)

5. Circle and label an example of each of the following:

a tonic note a subdominant note a dominant note

6. The term crescendo in bar 9 means _________________________________. The term

decrescendo in bar 13 means ______________________________.


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 LESSON THREE

New
Terms





tranquillo In a calm, quiet manner

 enharmonic Refers to two notes sounding the same but
written differently, for example A# and Bb.
 





 


Key Signatures

1. Write the number of sharps or flats found in each major key.

D major ___ ________ (sharp/flat) Ab major ___ ________

F major ___ ________ E major ___ ________

A major ___ ________ Eb major ___ ________

Bb major ___ ________ G major ___ ________

2. Write key signatures for the following major keys, using key signature order. The
first one has been done as an example.

D major Bb major A major Eb major G major

Intervals
Write the indicated intervals above the given notes.

Perfect 8th minor 6th minor 7th major 3rd minor 2nd


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Writing Tonic Chords in Inverted Positions

The example below illustrates a C major triad in root position, first and second
inversions. The positions of a triad are indicated by the addition of numbers after the
Roman numeral. The numbers, called figured bass, refer to the interval of notes above
the lowest note. For example, there are notes the interval of a 6th and a 4th above the
lowest note in the I 6/4 chord. Although the first inversion of a triad can be indicated
by a 6/3, the 3 is usually omitted. If there are no numbers following the Roman
numeral, a root position is indicated.

The example given above is in the key of C major. Write I chords in root position, first
and second inversions in the key of F major and G major. Label them with Roman
numerals and figured bass as in the example.

F major G major

Matching

____ largo a. ABA

____ vivo b. phrase ending with a dominant chord

____ binary form c. AB or AABB

____ ternary form d. dominant to tonic

____ enharmonic e. notes written differently but sounding the same

____ tranquillo f. brisk, lively

____ half cadence g. subdominant to tonic

____ plagal cadence h. in a calm, quiet manner

____ authentic cadence i. very slow


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 LESSON FOUR


Rounded Binary Form
AB form with a return of all or part of A at the end of B.

Since both sections of binary form are usually repeated, the formal structure of rounded
binary form looks like this.

It is important to note that the second A section may be not be complete. When this
happens, usually only the last part of the A section appears.

Key Signatures

Write the number of sharps or flats found in each major key.

E major ___ ________ (sharp/flat) Bb major ___ ________

F major ___ ________ D major ___ ________

A major ___ ________ Eb major ___ ________

Ab major ___ ________ G major ___ ________

Matching

____ the 1st note of a scale or key a. mediant

____ the 2nd note of a scale or key b. submediant

____ the 3rd note of a scale or key c. supertonic

____ the 4th note of a scale or key d. tonic

____ the 5th note of a scale or key e. leading tone

____ the 6th note of a scale or key f. dominant

____ the 7th note of a scale or key g. subdominant

Writing Minor Intervals

Write the indicated intervals above each note.

M2 m2 M3 m3 M6 m6 M7 m7




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Scales: Write each scale in whole notes. Remember that there are half steps between
scale degrees 3 – 4 and 7 – 8.
F major

Bb major

Eb major

Ab major

Writing Major, Minor, Diminished and Augmented Chords

An augmented triad is formed by: 


Raising
the
5th
of
a
major
triad
by
1/2
step. 








C major C augmented




A diminished triad is formed by:

 

Lowering
the
5th
of
a
minor
triad
by
1/2
step.
C major C minor C diminished

Write the specified chords.

F major F augmented F minor F diminished

Tonic Chord Inversions

Write tonic chords in all 3 positions in the key of D major. Label them with Roman
numerals and figured bass.


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 LESSON FIVE



New
Terms



meter A basic system of note values and accents.
articulation The various ways notes are played, such as
legato and staccato.

ostinato A pattern that is continuously repeated, often in

the bass.







 Scales

1. Write

 each scale in whole notes.

G major

D major

A major

E major

2. Name the relative minor key for each major key.

C ____ G ____ D ____ Bb ____ F ____ Eb ____


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 Writing Key Signatures

Write key signatures for the following major keys.

Ab major E major D major Bb major F major

Matching

___ meter a. a pattern that is continuously repeated

___ rounded binary form b. in a calm, quiet manner

___ vivo c. ABA

___ binary form d. very slow

___ articulation e. a basic system of note values and accents

___ ternary form f. notes written differently but sounding the same

___ tranquillo g. brisk, lively

___ enharmonic h. AB

___ ostinato i. the various ways notes are played, such as legato
or staccato
___ largo j. AB form with a return of all or part of A at the end
of B

Chords

1. Write tonic chords in all 3 positions in the key of A major. Label them with Roman
numerals and figured bass.

2. Write the specified chords.

D major D augmented D minor D diminished


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 Score Analysis

Answer the following questions about the music.

1. What is the time signature of this piece? ____________________________

2. The name of the composer is _________________ .

3. The music is written in the key of ____ minor.

4. Identify the root of the chord in measure 4. _____

5. The chord is: ___ tonic ___ subdominant ___ dominant

6. The cadence in measure 4 is:

___ authentic ___ plagal ___ half
7. The cadence in the last measure is:
___ authentic ___ plagal ___ half
8. What is the form of the piece?
___ binary ___ rounded binary ___ ternary


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 LESSON SIX


 New
Terms




 
 con
 
 
 
 with


 con
brio
 
 
 with
brilliance




 con
moto
 
 
 with
motion


 
 con
spirito
 
 
 with
spirit



 




 Triplets

A triplet consists of three notes in the time of two notes of the same value.



In 3/4 meter, the beat is normally divided into two equal 8th notes as shown in measure
2. The triplets in the first measure subdivide the beat into three equal 8th notes. This is
indicated by the small number 3 under the 8th notes of beats 2 and 3.

Write in the counting for the example below.

Interval Identification

Name these intervals (for example: M3, m2, P5 etc.)







_____


 
_____













_____

 








_____


 








_____


 






_____



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 Key Signatures

From the given number of flats/sharps, name the major and (relative) minor keys

2
flats
 
 3
flats
 
 4
flats
 
 2
sharps

 3
sharps

 4
sharps


_____
 
 _____
 
 _____
 
 _____
 
 _____
 
 _____


major
key
 major
key
 major
key
 major
key
 major
key
 major
key



_____
 
 _____
 
 _____
 
 _____
 
 _____
 
 _____

minor
key
 minor
key
 minor
key
 minor
key
 minor
key
 minor
key
 


Scales

1. Write each scale in whole notes.

a
harmonic
minor




g
harmonic
minor




d
harmonic
minor




e
harmonic
minor




c
harmonic
minor




b
harmonic
minor



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 Chords on Scale Degrees

• A chord can be written above any note of the scale.

• A 7th chord can be formed by adding an extra note the interval of a 7th from the
root.
• In the example above, a 7th has been added to the V chord to form a V7
(dominant 7th) chord.

The quality of each chord is indicated by the Roman numeral.

Major chords: Use a capital Roman numeral (I, IV, V)

Minor chords: Use a lower case Roman numeral (ii, iii, vi)

Diminished chords: Use a lower case Roman numeral with a small “o” (viio)

Write the scale, adding triads and a dominant 7th above each scale degree as shown in the
example.
Add sharps or flats to the chord tones where needed. Write a Roman numeral under each
chord.
G
major


F
major


D
major



Bb
major




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 LESSON SEVEN

Ornaments
mordent ( ) An ornament alternating a tone with its lower neighbor.

turn ( ) A four note ornament using upper and lower neighbors.

appoggiatura ( ) A non-harmonic tone often played on the beat, resolving

stepwise and usually written as a small note.
trill ( , ) An ornament alternating a tone with its upper neighbor.

The example below shows how each ornament may be performed.

Note: There are no fixed rhythmic values for ornaments. However, except for the turn
between notes, all must begin on the beat.

Intervals
Write the indicated intervals above the given notes.




minor 3rd Major 6th Perfect 5th Perfect 8th minor 7th


Chords
Write the indicated chords.




Eb
major


 Eb
augmented


 






Eb
minor


 
Eb
diminished



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 Counting with Sixteenth Notes

By
now,
you
have
probably
played
many
pieces
with
16th
notes,
where
the
beat
is
divided
into
4
parts

(in
2/4,
3/4,
and
4/4
time
signatures).

The
example
below
illustrates
various
combinations
of
16th

notes
with
other
note
values.

A
traditional
counting
system
is
used.







 



Write
in
the
counting.







 




Triads on Scale Degrees of Major Scales

Write
the
scale,
adding
triads
and
a
dominant
7th
above
each
scale
degree.
Add
a
Roman
numeral
under

each
chord.


A
major




Eb
major




E
major




Ab
major



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 Tonic Chord Inversions

Write tonic chords in all 3 positions in the key of Bb major. Label them with Roman
numerals and figured bass.

Score Analysis

Answer the following questions about the musical excerpt on the next page, Invention
No. 7 by Bach.



1. The music is written in the key of:

____ G major ____ e minor

2. The ornaments in measure 1 are:

____ mordents ____ turns ____ appoggiaturas ____ short trills

3. The ornaments in measure 2 are:

____ mordents ____ turns ____ appoggiaturas ____ short trills

4. The compositional technique used in measure 1 is:

____ sequence ____ repetition ____ imitation

5. The compositional technique used in measures 3 and 4 is:

____ sequence ____ repetition ____ imitation

6. Write in the counting for measure 1.

7. The time signature is the same as _______ time.

8. The “C” in the time signature stands for

______________________________________________.









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Invention
No.
7



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 LESSON EIGHT



New
Terms





double flat ( ) Lowers the pitch a whole step
double sharp ( ) Raises the pitch a whole step

rondo form A form in music using a recurring theme

alternating with one or more other themes
(for example ABACA 








Key Signatures

Write
each
key
signature
in
treble
and
bass
clefs.




D
major













A
major











Bb
major









Ab
major
 








E
major
 





Eb
major


Interval Identification

Identify
these
intervals
(for
example:
M3,
m2,
P5
etc.)








 
_____

















_____


 








_____

 








_____


 










_____


 







_____





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 Scales

Write the following scales using a key signature.


a
harmonic
minor




g
harmonic
minor




e
harmonic
minor




c
harmonic
minor




b
harmonic
minor




d
harmonic
minor




Rhythm

Write
in
the
counting
for
the
following
rhythm.








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 LESSON NINE

Intervals
Write intervals above the given notes.

minor 7th minor 6th Perfect 5th minor 3rd




Writing Major and Minor Scales using a Key Signature

Write the key signature first, followed by the notes of the scale. No accidentals will be
needed except for the raised 7th of harmonic minor scales.

A
major




C
harmonic
minor




E
major




D
harmonic
minor


Tonic Chord Inversions

Write tonic chords in all 3 positions. Label them with Roman numerals and figured
bass.






G
major
 
 
 
 


















Eb
major



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Matching

___ meter a. a pattern that is continuously repeated

___ rounded binary form b. in a calm, quiet manner

___ vivo c. ABA

___ binary form d. with

___ articulation e. a basic system of note values and accents

___ ternary form f. notes written differently but sounding the same

___ tranquillo g. brisk, lively

___ enharmonic h. AB

___ ostinato i. the various ways notes are played, such as legato
or staccato
___ largo j. AB form with a return of all or part of A at the end
of B
___ con k. very slow

Writing Major, Minor, Augmented and Diminished Triads

Write the specified triads.



Bb
major


 Bb
augmented


 






Bb
minor


 
Bb
diminished




Musical Style Periods

In keyboard music, there are four main style periods. Memorize them in chronological
order:

Baroque
Classical
Romantic
20th/21st Centuries


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 Score Analysis

1. The music is written in the key of ______________________.

2. The tempo marking, Allegretto, means
___________________________________________________.
3. The cadence in measures 7 – 8 is:
____ a half cadence ____ a plagal cadence ____ an authentic cadence
4. The root of the bass clef chord in measure 9 is _____.
5. This chord is: ____ tonic ____ subdominant chord ____ dominant chord
6. The form of the piece is:
____ ternary form ____ binary form ____ rounded binary form

German
Dance



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 LESSON TEN
Musical Style Periods

Write the four musical style periods in order.

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

Scales

1. Major scales and chords

Write each scale using accidentals. Add triads and a dominant 7th above the notes of each
scale and write a Roman numeral under each chord. Remember to add sharps or flats to
chord tones where needed.

Ab
major




E
major




2. Minor scales

Write each scale using a key signature.


B
harmonic
minor




E
harmonic
minor



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 Counting with Triplets and Sixteenth Notes

Write in the counting for the example below.


Ornament Matching



a.


 
 
 
 b.


 
 






c.



 






d.







_____

mordent
( )
 
 


_____

turn
( )

 
 


_____

appoggiatura
(
 
)
 


_____

trill
( 
,
 )
 
 



Key Signatures

Write the key signature in both clefs.

A
major
 c
minor
 Ab
major
 E
major









g
minor









e
minor




Tonic Chord Inversions

Write tonic chords in all 3 positions, and label them with Roman numerals and figured
bass.







F
major
 
 
 
 


















Bb
major



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 LESSON ELEVEN
Intervals
Write the specified intervals above the given notes.



Major 6th Perfect 5th Major 3rd Major 2nd

Perfect 4th Major 7th Perfect 8th Perfect 5th 




Scales

1. Major scales and chords

Write each scale using accidentals. Add triads and a dominant 7th above each scale. Add
a Roman numeral under each chord. Remember to add sharps or flats to chord tones
where needed.
Eb major

A major

2. Minor scales
Write each scale using accidentals.

D harmonic minor

B harmonic minor


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 Counting with Triplets and Sixteenth Notes
Write the counting for the example below.

Musical Style Periods

Write the four musical style periods in order.

_____________________




_____________________




_____________________




_____________________



Key Signatures

Write the following key signatures.























Eb
major
 b
minor
 g
minor











A
major
 







Ab
major
 







c
minor


Ornament Matching

___ trill ( , ) a. An ornament alternating a tone with its lower neighbor.

___ mordent ( ) b. A four note ornament using upper and lower neighbors.

___ turn ( ) c. A non-harmonic tone often played on the beat, resolving

stepwise and usually written as a small note.
___ appoggiatura ( ) d. An ornament alternating a tone with its upper neighbor.



Tonic Chord Inversions

Write tonic chords in all 3 positions. Label them with Roman numerals and figured
bass.

F major Bb major


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 LESSON TWELVE

Musical Style Periods

Write the four musical style periods in order.

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

Chords
Write the specified chords.

Eb major Eb augmented Eb minor Eb diminished

Ornaments

1. Write the name of each ornament.

2. Write in the notes that would be played for each. (Use note-heads only – no
rhythmic values are required.)

____________________ ____________________ ____________________

Tonic Chord Inversions

Write tonic chords in all 3 positions. Label them with Roman numerals and figured
bass.

D major A major

Counting with Triplets and Sixteenth Notes

Write in the counting for the example below.


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 Scales

1. Major scales and chords

Write each scale using accidentals. Add triads and a dominant 7th above each scale. Add
a Roman numeral under each chord. Remember to add sharps or flats to chord tones
where needed.
Bb major

G major

2. Minor scales
Write each scale using a key signature.

B harmonic minor

E harmonic minor

Key Signatures

Identify the major and minor keys for the following key signatures.

____ major ____ major ____ major ____ major ____ major

____ minor ____ minor ____ minor ____ minor ____ minor


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 Score Analysis

1. The musical example is written in the key of _____________________________.

2. The circled chord in measure 4 is:
___ a tonic chord ___ a subdominant chord ___ a dominant chord
3. The cadence in measure 4 is:
___ plagal ___ half ___ authentic
4. The circled chord in measure 12 is:
___ a tonic chord ___ a subdominant chord ___ a dominant chord
5. The cadence in measure 12 is:
___ plagal ___ half ___ authentic
6. Measures 9 – 10 are an example of a ______________________________.
7. The form of the example is:
___ binary ___ rounded binary ___ ternary


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