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Hypothesis Testing

The document defines key terms related to hypothesis testing: a hypothesis is a testable statement about a population, a null hypothesis proposes no difference between groups, and an alternative hypothesis states a difference. It describes one-tailed and two-tailed tests, with one-tailed testing for differences in one direction and two-tailed testing for any difference. A two-tailed test is generally more appropriate unless there is a specific prediction about the direction of a difference between groups. Hypothesis help make observations and experiments possible by providing a starting point and guiding inquiries.

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134 views

Hypothesis Testing

The document defines key terms related to hypothesis testing: a hypothesis is a testable statement about a population, a null hypothesis proposes no difference between groups, and an alternative hypothesis states a difference. It describes one-tailed and two-tailed tests, with one-tailed testing for differences in one direction and two-tailed testing for any difference. A two-tailed test is generally more appropriate unless there is a specific prediction about the direction of a difference between groups. Hypothesis help make observations and experiments possible by providing a starting point and guiding inquiries.

Uploaded by

Nerish Plaza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hypothesis 

is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or predictive statement about the possible
outcome of a scientific research study based on a particular property of a population.
Ex:

 differences between groups on a particular variable or


 relationships between variables.

Types of hypothesis testing

 Null hypothesis is a type of hypothesis used in statistics that proposes that there is no


difference between certain characteristics of a population
 Alternative hypothesis states that a population parameter is smaller, greater, or different
than the hypothesized value in the null hypothesis.

Kinds of hypothesis testing


A one-tailed test is a statistical test in which the critical area of a distribution is one-
sided so that it is either greater than or less than a certain value, but not both.
A two-tailed test is a method in which the critical area of a distribution is two-sided
and tests whether a sample is greater than or less than a certain range of values. It is
used in null-hypothesis testing and testing for statistical significance.

A two-tailed test uses both the positive and negative tails of the distribution. In other
words, it tests for the possibility of positive or negative differences. A one-tailed test is
appropriate if you only want to determine if there is a difference between groups in a
specific direction.

A two-tailed test is appropriate if you want to determine if there is any difference


between the groups you are comparing. For instance, if you want to see if Group A
scored higher or lower than Group B, then you would want to use a two-tailed test. This
is because a two-tailed test uses both the positive and negative tails of the distribution. In
other words, it tests for the possibility of positive or negative differences.
A one-tailed test is appropriate if you only want to determine if there is a difference
between groups in a specific direction. So, if you are only interested in determining if
Group A scored higher than Group B, and you are completely uninterested in possibility
of Group A scoring lower than Group B, then you may want to use a one-tailed test. The
main advantage of using a one-tailed test is that it has more statistical power than a two-
tailed test at the same significance (alpha) level. In other words, your results are more
likely to be significant for a one-tailed test if there truly is a difference between the
groups in the direction that you have predicted. This is because only one tail of the
distribution is used for the test.
So, which kind of test should you use? When in doubt, it is almost always more
appropriate to use a two-tailed test. A one-tailed test is only justified if you have a
specific prediction about the direction of the difference (e.g., Group A scoring higher
than Group B), and you are completely uninterested in the possibility that the opposite
outcome could be true (e.g., Group A scoring lower than Group B).

Functions of Hypothesis
 Hypothesis helps in making an observation and experiments possible.
 It becomes the start point for the investigation.
 Hypothesis helps in verifying the observations.
 It helps in directing the inquiries in the right directions.

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