NOT

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Technology and
Livelihood Education

Quarter 2, Wk.1-3 - Module 1 Draft Roof Plans

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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What I Know

Skills Assessment

Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills

that you must gain in order to draft a quality floor plan. On the
right side of the matrix lists the skills expected of you to
master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much”, if you are not
so familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot”, if you are already
familiar with the skills. Don’t feel bad if you checked “Not
Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind that this is being
administered to determine your pre-entry knowledge of and
skills on the lesson to be presented.

Skills in Drafting Roof Plans Not Much A little A lot

I can indicate the dimensions of the roof
plan based on the floor plan.
I know how to draw roof plans
according to drafting standards.
I know how to use standard
architectural symbols in drafting roof
plans.
I know how to layout drawings
according to sheet contents.
I can draw framing details of roof plans
according to architectural drafting
standards

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 Lesson Types and Elements of Roofs
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What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

a. Identify the different types of roofs

b. Recognize the elements of roof and framing plans

What I Know
Pre-Test (Multiple choice) – Encircle the letter of the correct answer. (1 point each)

1. Is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side of the building perpendicular to
the rafters direction. It should provide additional protection from the sun and rain.
a. roof plan b. hip roofs c. overhang d. flat roofs

2. Are higher at one end than the other. They may be used effectively when two levels exist
where additional light is needed.
a. shed-type roofs b. overhang c. flat roofs d. roofing sheets

3. Has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This type of roof is used extensively
on Philippines “bahaykubo” and raw houses in subdivision.
a. mansard b. gambrel c. hip roof d. gable roof
4. Are used when eave-line protection is desired around the entire perimeter of the building.
a. flat roof b. hip roofs c. ridge roll d. gable roof

5. Are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes.

a. flat roofs b. ridge roll c. hip roof d. shed

6. Are materials laid to cover the total area of roofing space of the building.
a. gambrel roof b. ridge roll c. gable d. roofing sheets

7. Is a plain G.I. sheet is usually laid at the center top of ridge of the building
a. hip roof b. ridge roll c. roofing sheets d. eaves line

8. Is the material used when the roofing system is in the form of hip roof.
a. ridge cap b. ridge roll c. eaves line d. roofing sheets

9. Is shown in the form of imaginary line to indicate the gutter line.

a. ridge roll b. roofing sheets c. eaves line d. ridge cap

10. This shows the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating ridges, valleys, hips
and openings.
a. roof b. roofing sheets c. ridge roll d. roof plan

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 What’s In

In our previous lesson, you learned the elements of a floor plan and
draw floor plans that follow a given architectural design standards and
requirements. The next step in drafting architectural layout and details is roof
framing plan. In this lesson you will be able to identify the different types of roofs
and recognize the elements of roofs and framing plans.

What’s New

Activity 1. Identification Test

Direction: Identify the different types of roofs shown in each number.

Choose your answers from the box below.

Hip Roof Flat Roof Overhang Mansard

Gambrel Roof Shed-Type Roof Gable Roof

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

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 What Is It

TECHNICAL TERMS ENCOUNTERED IN DRAFTING ROOF PLANS

Angle iron - is a structural piece of rolled steel shaped to form a 900 angle.

Butterfly roof- is a roof with two sides sloping down toward the interior of the house.
Dome- is a hemispherical roof form.
Dormer- is a structure projecting from a sloping roof to accommodate a window.
Eave- is a part of a roof that projects over a wall.
Fascia- is a surface finish material used to cover another surface.
Flashing- is the material used for covering exposed places outside the building like
firewalls.
Flat roof- is a roof with a minimum pitch for drainage.
Gable- is the triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves.
Gable roof- is a roof that slopes from two sides only.
Galvanize- is a lead and zinc bath treatment to prevent rusting.
Gambrel roof- is a symmetrical roof with two different pitches or slopes on each side.
Hip rafter- is the diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to form the
hip.
Hip roof- is a roof with four sloping sides.
Mansard roof- is a roof with two slopes on each sides with the lower slope much
steeper than the upper.
Overhang- is the horizontal distance that a roof projects beyond a wall.
Pitch- is the angle between the top plate and the ridge board. It is also referred to as
the rise over the run.
Purlin- is a horizontal structure member which hold rafters together.
Rafters- are structural members used to frame a roof.
Ridge- is the top edge of the roof where rafters meet.
Ridge cap- is a wood or metal cap used for roofing at the ridge.
Rise- is the vertical height of a roof.
Roll roofing- is a material of fiber and asphalt manufactured in rolls.
Shed roof- is a flat roof slanting in one direction.
Shingles- are thin pieces of wood or other materials that overlap each other in
covering a roof.
Truss- is a prefabricated triangular shaped unit used for supporting roof loads over
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 long spans.
Valley- is the internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof.
Valley rafter- is the diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two sloping roofs.

Roof

It is the external upper covering of a house or building. It shows the size, shape and
the type of materials that should be used in the roofing system.

Basic types of roofs:

There are different types of roofing system that are commonly used in
the building construction. The following are:

Gable – most common, built with “common” rafters

Hip – provides overhang on all four sides
Gambrel – provides more space on the second floor
Mansard – combination of Hip and Gambrel
Shed – frequently used to attach one structure to another

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1. Gable Roof has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This type of
roof is used extensively on Philippines bahay kubo and raw houses in subdivision. The
pitch or angle of a gable roof varies from the high pitch roofs found on chalet A-frame style
buildings to the low pitch roofs found on most ranch homes.

2. Hip roofs are used when eave-line protection is desired around the entire perimeter
of the building. Hip roofs are very popular in warm climates. They are commonly used on
Regency and French Provincial homes.

3. Flat roofs are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes. Slightly heavier
rafters are needed for flat roofs. Built-up asphalt construction is often used on flat roofs.

4. Shed roofs are higher at one end than the other. They may be used effectively
when two levels exist where additional light is needed.

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 5. Overhang is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side
of the building perpendicular to the rafters direction. It should provide
additional protection from the sun and rain.

These five roofing system are commonly used in the construction sector. However,
there are other types of roofs that are rarely used in the construction.

Roof Plan

A roof plan is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object lines
indicating ridges, valleys, hips and openings. The roof plan is not a framing plan, but a plan
view of the roof. To develop a roof framing plan, a roof must be stripped of its covering to
expose the position of each structural member and each header. The roof plan can be used
as the basic outline for the roof framing plan. Below are samples of blueprint drawings of
roof plans, roof framing plan and other informative drawings.

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The roof plan indicates the following:

a. Roofing sheets are materials laid to cover the total area of roofing space of the
building.
b. Ridge roll is a plain G.I. sheet is usually laid at the center top of ridge of the
building.
c. Ridge cap is the material used when the roofing system is in the form of hip roof.
d. Eaves line or gutter line is shown in the form of imaginary line to indicate the gutter
line.

Different Types of Roofing Sheets:

1. Corrugated G.I Sheet

2. 4-V Corrugated Sheet
3. Ardex Corrugated Sheet
4. Kanalelas Corrugated Sheet.
5. Steel Bricks
6. Color bond Custom Orb

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 What’s More

Post-Test (Multiple choice) – Encircle the letter of the correct answer. (2 points each)

1. Has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This type of roof is used extensively
on Philippines “bahaykubo” and raw houses in subdivision.
a. mansard b. gambrel c. hip roof d. gable roof

2. Are higher at one end than the other. They may be used effectively when two levels exist
where additional light is needed.
a. shed-type roofs b. overhang c. flat roofs d. roofing sheets

3. Is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side of the building perpendicular to
the rafters direction. It should provide additional protection from the sun and rain.
a. roof plan b. hip roofs c. overhang d. flat roofs

4. Are used when eave-line protection is desired around the entire perimeter of the building.
a. flat roof b. hip roofs c. ridge roll d. gable roof

5. Are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes.

a. flat roofs b. ridge roll c. hip roof d. shed

6. Are materials laid to cover the total area of roofing space of the building.
a. gambrel roof b. ridge roll c. gable d. roofing sheets

7. This shows the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating ridges, valleys, hips
and openings.
a. roof b. roofing sheets c. ridge roll d. roof plan

8. Is the material used when the roofing system is in the form of hip roof.
a. ridge cap b. ridge roll c. eaves line d. roofing sheets

9. Is shown in the form of imaginary line to indicate the gutter line.

a. ridge roll b. roofing sheets c. eaves line d. ridge cap

10. Is a plain G.I. sheet is usually laid at the center top of ridge of the building
a. hip roof b. ridge roll c. roofing sheets d. eaves line

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 Lesson
Roof Framing Plans
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What I Need to Know
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

a. Identify the different types of roof frame

b. Draw a roof plan

What I Know

Pre-Test Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A horizontal structural member which hold the rafters together.
a. Rafter b. Purlins c. Rise d. Run

2. A prefabricated triangular shaped unit supporting the roof loads over long spans.
a. Truss b. Shingles c. Rise d. Ridge

3. The top edge of the roof where rafters meet

a. Ridge b. Rafter c. Overhang d. Purlins

4. The angle between the top plate and the ridge board referred to as the rise over
the run.
a. Pitch b. Slope c. Valley d. Truss

5. A roof with four sloping sides.

a. Shed b. Hip c. Gable d. Mansard

6. The part of a roof that extends over the wall.

a. Overhang b. Eave c. Fascia d. Gutter

7. A surface finish material used to cover another surface.

a. Flashing b. Fascia c. Overhang d. Dormer

8.A flat roof slanting in one direction.

a. Gable b. Hip c. Dormer d. Shed

9. A diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to form a hip roof Type.
a. Purlins b. Hip Rafters c. Truss d. Flashing

10. The vertical height of a roof.

a. Rise b. Run c. Ridge d. Eave
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 What’s In

In our previous lesson, you learned the different types and

elements of roofs. Our next topic is all about the different types of roof
frame and the steps on how to draw a roof plan.

What’s New

Activity 1. Label the parts of a main truss. Choose your answer from the
box below.

King Post Diagonal Member Bottom Chord Vertical Member

Top ChordMid ChordHorizontal Post

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4

5
1.

MAIN TRUSS

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 What Is It

Roof Framing Plans

The following are the types of roof frame and the important elements
that you must be familiar in the roof framing plan. Each of these elements
can be better understood as you go on to the discussion particularly in the
presentation of sample illustrations in the preceding pages.

Types of roof frame:

Rafter Type
Truss Type

Rafter Type

Common Rafter – extended at right angles from the plate or girts to the ridge.

Hip Rafter – laid diagonally from the corner of the plate or girts to the ridge.
Valley Rafter – placed diagonally from the plate or girts at the intersection of gable
extension with the main roof.
Jack Rafter –any rafter which does not extend from the plate or girts to the ridge.
Hip Jack – framed between hip rafters and girts.
Valley Jack – framed between the ridge and valley rafter.
Cripple Jack – frame between the hip and the valley rafter.
Octagonal Rafter – placed on an octagonal shaped plate at the central apex or
ridge pole.

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 Truss Type

This is a built-up frame commonly employed on a long span roof unsupported by

intermediate columns and partitions.

This is a design of a series of triangles used to distribute load, stiffen the structure and
flexibility for the interior spacing as well as strength and rigidity.

There are important elements that must be shown in the roof framing plan. They are
shown in the form of line symbols, such as:

a. Trusses
b. Purlins
c. Ridge roll line
d. Ridge cap line
e. Eaves or gutter line
f. Dimension

ROOF FRAMING SHOWING THE THICKNESS OF EACH

MEMBER

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 Draft a roof plan

Roof plan is the upper part of the building. This can be drawn through the following
steps (see the operating steps):

1. Given: a scaled floor plan.

2. Draw or trace the given scale floor plan into a form of hidden lines without doors and
windows.

3. From end line of the floor plan, lay out a standard 1.00 m. eave lines around the floor
plan.

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4. From eave lines, extend a 0.20 m. lines for gutter width, and analyze how many and
where to indicate a 0.10 m. circular holes for downspout.

5. Select roof types required. From rectangular form of floor plan, get the center and
project a line along the eave lines.

6. If hip roof types will be used, project a 450 angle in all corners of eave lines
intersecting the center line to create a hip roof. From drawn hip roof layout, draw two lines
at 0.10 m. width on both sides representing the ridge roll width.

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7. Project a symbol (thin lines) for roof covering materials to be used, indicate from the
center of roof slopes a perpendicular arrowhead with word label of slopes.

8. Complete the drawings with proper dimensioning and labels, then finalize the
drawing.

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 What I Have Learned

Post- Test
Directions: Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. A horizontal structural member which holds rafters together

a. Rafter b. Purlin c. Rise d. Run

2. A prefabricated triangular shaped unit for supporting roof loads over long spans
a. Truss b. Shingles c. Rise d. Ridge

3. The top edge of the roof where rafters meet

a. Ridge b. Rafter c. Overhang d. Purlins

4. The internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof

a. Ridge b. Valley c. Purlin d. Overhang

5. The angle between the top plate and the ridge board referred to as the rise over the run.
a. Pitch b. Slope c. Valley d. Truss

6. A roof with four sloping sides

a. Shed b. Hip c. Gable d. Mansard

7. The part of a roof that projects over a wall

a. Overhang b. Eave c. Fascia d. Gutter

8. A surface finish material used to cover another surface

a. Flashing b. Fascia c. Overhang d. Dormer

9. A flat roof slanting in one direction

a. Gable b. Hip c. Dormer d. Shed

10. A diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to form a hip roof type
a. Purlins b. Hip Rafters c. Truss d. Flashing

11. The triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves

a. Gable b. Hip c. Overhang d. Mansard

12. The vertical height of a roof

a. Rise b. Run c. Ridge d. Eave

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 What I Can Do

Problem Solving

Directions: Given a floor plan as shown below, to draft a roof plan appropriate to the
given sizes and shapes.

Note: All sides must have an overhang of 1.50m.

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Performance Assessment Scoring Rubrics

Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Accuracy
50 pts the output is accurately done
45 pts two to five errors are observed on the output
40 pts six to ten errors are observed on the output
Speed
10 pts the output is done 5 minutes before the time
8 pts the output is done on time
6 pts the output is done after the allotted time
Neatness
25 pts has no error
20 pts has two to three erasures
15 pts has four or more erasures
Lettering/Labeling
15 pts all pieces of information are completely indicated
and legibly printed
12 pts all pieces of information are legibly printed but some
are missing
10 pts all pieces of information are legibly printed but some
are missing and misspelled
8 pts pieces of information are not legibly printed and words
are missing and misspelled

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