1 1

Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. 40 Whenever, and from whatever causes, it might happen, and
happen it would, that any one of these nations or confederacies
This passage is excerpted from Federalist Paper No. 5, published should rise on the scale of political importance much above the
in 1787. In it, statesman John Jay discusses the potential effects of degree of her neighbors, that moment would those neighbors
dividing the U.S. into several different nations. behold her with envy and with fear. Both those passions would
45 lead them to countenance, if not to promote, whatever might
The history of Great Britain is the one with which we are in promise to diminish her importance; and would also restrain
general the best acquainted, and it gives us many useful them from measures calculated to advance or even to secure
lessons. We may profit by their experience without paying the her prosperity. Much time would not be necessary to enable her
Line price which it cost them. Although it seems obvious to to discern these unfriendly dispositions. She would soon begin,
5 common sense that the people of such an island should be but 50 not only to lose confidence in her neighbors, but also to feel a
one nation, yet we find that they were for ages divided into disposition equally unfavorable to them. Distrust naturally
three, and that those three were almost constantly embroiled in creates distrust, and by nothing is good-will and kind conduct
quarrels and wars with one another. Notwithstanding their true more speedily changed than by invidious jealousies and
interest with respect to the continental nations was really the uncandid imputations, whether expressed or implied.
10 same, yet by the arts and policy and practices of those nations, 55 The North is generally the region of strength, and many
their mutual jealousies were perpetually kept inflamed, and for local circumstances render it probable that the most Northern
a long series of years they were far more inconvenient and of the proposed confederacies would, at a period not very
troublesome than they were useful and assisting to each other. distant, be unquestionably more formidable than any of the
Should the people of America divide themselves into three others. No sooner would this become evident than the Northern
15 or four nations, would not the same thing happen? Would not 60 Hive would excite the same ideas and sensations in the more
similar jealousies arise, and be in like manner cherished? southern parts of America which it formerly did in the southern
Instead of their being "joined in affection" and "free from all parts of Europe. Nor does it appear to be a rash conjecture that
apprehension of different interests," envy and jealousy would its young swarms might often be tempted to gather honey in
soon extinguish confidence and affection, and the partial the more blooming fields and milder air of their luxurious and
20 interests of each confederacy, instead of the general interests of 65 more delicate neighbors.
all America, would be the only objects of their policy and They who well consider the history of similar divisions and
pursuits. Hence, like most other bordering nations, they would confederacies will find abundant reason to apprehend that those
always be either involved in disputes and war, or live in the in contemplation would in no other sense be neighbors than as
constant apprehension of them. they would be borderers; that they would neither love nor trust
25 The most sanguine advocates for three or four confederacies 70 one another, but on the contrary would be a prey to discord,
cannot reasonably suppose that they would long remain exactly jealousy, and mutual injuries; in short, that they would place us
on an equal footing in point of strength, even if it was possible exactly in the situations in which some nations doubtless wish
to form them so at first; but, admitting that to be practicable, to see us, viz., formidable only to each other.
yet what human contrivance can secure the continuance of such
30 equality? Independent of those local circumstances which tend
to beget and increase power in one part and to impede its
progress in another, we must advert to the effects of that
superior policy and good management which would probably
distinguish the government of one above the rest, and by which
35 their relative equality in strength and consideration would be
destroyed. For it cannot be presumed that the same degree of
sound policy, prudence, and foresight would uniformly be
observed by each of these confederacies for a long succession
of years.

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1 4
The author’s central claim in the passage is that As used in line 26, the word “suppose” most nearly
means
A) since bordering nations are naturally competitive,
the U. S. should avoid division. A) admit.
B) since Britain is experienced in the art of war, the U. B) imply.
S. should imitate their policies.
C) require.
C) since the North is stronger than the South,
D) expect
multiple confederacies are inevitable.
D) since unity is critical to the future of the U. S., a
new form of government is needed. 5
The author implies that a Southern confederacy would
most likely engage in what type of behavior?
2
A) Amicable
The main purpose of the passage is to
B) Violent
A) warn against a potential form of government.
C) Passive-aggressive
B) argue for a particular diplomatic decision.
D) Diplomatic
C) defend a current form of government.
D) explain a way in which science relates to politics.
6
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
3 answer to the previous question?
The author includes the example of Britain in order to A) lines 30-36 (“Independent ... destroyed.”)
A) question the wisdom of establishing ties with B) lines 36-39 (“For ... years.”)
foreign nations.
C) lines 40-44 (“Whenever ... fear.”)
B) provide historical evidence for his predictions.
D) lines 44-48 (“Both ... prosperity.”)
C) explain how a rival nation exercises diplomacy.
D) challenge a foreign power to disclose its methods.

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7 10
The author implies that a Northern confederacy The author states that the competition of bordering
would most likely engage in what kind of activity? nations
A) Protection of bordering nations A) diminishes their international relevance.
B) Exploitation of a weaker nation B) increases their joint military strength.
C) Development of international ties C) reduces their economic inequality.
D) Introduction of domestic tariffs D) damages their agricultural industries.
E)
8
Which choice provides the best evidence for the 11
answer to the previous question?
Which choice would most clearly undermine the
A) lines 49-51 (“She ... them.”) author’s argument about the relations of bordering
B) lines 51-54 (“Distrust ... implied.”) nations?

C) lines 55-59 (“The ... others.”) A) Two bordering nations remain equal to each other
in power and are constantly at war.
D) lines 62-65 (“Nor ... neighbors.”)
B) Two bordering nations remain equal to each other
in power and maintain peaceful relations.
9 C) Two bordering nations are unequal in power, and
As used in line 60, the word “sensations” most nearly the stronger nation conquers the weaker nation.
means D) Two bordering nations are unequal in power, and
A) triumphs. the weaker nation conquers the stronger nation.

B) successes.
C) emotions.
D) celebrations.

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