Republic of the Philippines

Supreme Court
Manila

OFFICE OF THE 2020 BAR CHAIR

BAR BULLETIN NO. 9, S. 2020

SYLLABUS FOR THE BAR EXAMINATION

REMEDIAL LAW

Attached is the coverage for the Remedial Law examination, which will be
held on November 29, 2020.

For your information and guidance.

March 12, 2020.

MARVIC M.V.F. LEONEN

Associate Justice and
2020 Bar Examinations Chair
 SYLLABUS FOR THE
2020 BAR EXAMINATIONS

REMEDIAL LAW

Notes: All Bar candidates should be guided that only laws with their respective
amendments and canonical doctrines pertinent to these topics as of June 30, 2019
will be covered in the 2020 Bar Examinations, except when provided in this
syllabus. The Revised Rules of Civil Procedure (A.M No. 19-10-20-SC
promulgated on October 15, 2019) and the Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M No.
19-08-15-SC promulgated on October 8, 2019) are included. Principles of law are
not covered by the cut-off period.

This syllabus is only a guide for the bar examinations. It should not be mistaken
for a course syllabus.
 I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
A. Distinguish: substantive law and remedial law

B. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court

1. Limitations on the rule-making power of the Supreme Court

2. Power of the Supreme Court to amend and suspend procedural rules

C. Nature of Philippine courts

1. Meaning of a court

2. Distinguish: court and judge

3. Classification of Philippine courts

4. Courts of original and appellate jurisdiction

5. Courts of general and special jurisdiction

6. Constitutional and statutory courts

7. Courts of law and equity

8. 8. Principle of judicial hierarchy

9. Doctrine of non-interference or doctrine of judicial stability

II. JURISDICTION
A. Classification of jurisdiction

1. Distinguish: original and appellate

2. Distinguish: general and special

3. Distinguish: exclusive and concurrent

B. Doctrines of hierarchy of courts and continuity of jurisdiction

C. Jurisdiction of various Philippine courts

1. Supreme Court

2. Court of Appeals

3. Court of Tax Appeals

4. Sandiganbayan

5. Regional Trial Courts

6. Family Courts

7. Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts in

Cities, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts

D. Aspects of jurisdiction

1. Jurisdiction over the parties

a. How jurisdiction over the plaintiff is acquired

b. How jurisdiction over the defendant is acquired

2. Jurisdiction over the subject matter

a. Meaning of jurisdiction over the subject matter

b. Distinguish: jurisdiction and exercise of jurisdiction

c. How jurisdiction is conferred and determined

d. Distinguish: doctrine of primary administrative jurisdiction and doctrine

of exhaustion of administrative remedies
 e. Doctrine of adherence of jurisdiction

f. Objections to jurisdiction over the subject matter

g. Effect of estoppel on objection to jurisdiction

3. Jurisdiction over the issues

4. Jurisdiction over the res or property in litigation

5. Jurisdiction over the remedies

E. Distinguish: error of jurisdiction and error of judgment

F. Distinguish: jurisdiction and venue

G. Jurisdiction over small claims, cases covered by the rules on Summary

Procedure and Barangay Conciliation

H. How jurisdiction is determined

III. CIVIL PROCEDURE

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

B. ACTIONS

1. Meaning of ordinary civil actions

2. Meaning of special civil actions

3. Meaning of criminal actions

4. Distinguish: civil actions and special proceedings

5. Personal actions and real actions

 6. Local and transitory actions

7. 7. Actions in rem, in personam and quasi in rem

C. CAUSE OF ACTION

1. Meaning of cause of action

2. Distinguish: right of action and cause of action

3. Distinguish: failure to state a cause of action and lack of cause of action

4. Test of the sufficiency of a cause of action

5. Splitting a single cause of action and its effects

6. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action

D. PARTIES TO CIVIL ACTIONS

1. Real parties in interest; indispensable parties; representatives as parties;

necessary parties; indigent Parties; alternative defendants

2. Compulsory and permissive joinder of parties

3. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties

4. Class suit

5. Suits against entities without juridical personality

6. Effect of death of party litigant

E. VENUE

1. Venue of real actions

2. Venue of personal actions

3. Venue of actions against non-residents

4. When the rules on venue do not apply

5. Effects of stipulations on venue

F. PLEADINGS

1. Kinds of pleadings and when they should be filed

a. Complaint

b. Answer

i. Negative defenses

ii. Negative pregnant

c. Counterclaims

i. Compulsory counterclaim

ii. Permissive counterclaim

iii. Effect on the counterclaim when the complaint is dismissed

d. Cross-claims

e. Third (fourth, etc.) party complaints

f. Complaint-in-intervention

g. Reply

h. Extensions of time to file

2. Pleadings allowed in small claims cases and cases covered by the Rules on
Summary Procedure
3. Parts and contents of a pleading

a. Caption

b. Signature and address

c. Verification

d. Certification against forum shopping

e. Contents of a pleading

4. Allegations in a pleading

a. Manner of making allegations

i. Condition precedent

ii. Fraud, mistake, malice, intent, knowledge and other condition of the
mind, judgments, official documents or acts

b. Pleading an actionable document

c. Specific denials

i. Effect of failure to make specific denials

ii. When a specific denial requires an oath

d. Affirmative defenses
5. Effect of failure to plead

a. Failure to plead defenses and objections

b. Failure to plead a compulsory counterclaim and cross-claim

6. Default

a. When a declaration of default is proper

b. Effect of an order of default

c. Relief from an order of default

d. Effect of a partial default

e. Extent of relief

f. Actions where default are not allowed

7. Filing and service of pleadings

a. Payment of docket fees

b. Distinguish: filing and service of pleadings

c. Periods of filing of pleadings

 d. Manner of filing

i. Personal filing

ii. Filing by registered mail

iii. Filing by accredited courier

iv. Transmittal by electronic mail or other electronic means

e. Modes of service

i. Personal service

ii. Service by registered mail

iii. Service by accredited courier

iv. Service by electronic mail, facsimile transmission, or other electronic

means

v. Service as provided for in international conventions

f. Service of judgments, final orders or resolutions; service of court-issued

orders and other documents

g. Conventional service or filing of orders, pleadings, and other documents

h. When service is deemed complete

i. Proof of filing and service

8. Amendment

a. Amendment as a matter of right

 b. Amendments by leave of court

c. Formal amendment

d. Effect of amended pleading

e. Supplemental pleadings

G. SUMMONS

1. Nature and purpose of summons

a. In relation to actions in personam, in rem and quasi in rem

b. When summons are issued

c. Contents of summons

d. Duty of counsel

e. e. Return

2. Voluntary appearance

3. Who may serve summons

4. Personal service

5. Substituted service
 6. Constructive service

a. Service upon a defendant where his identity is unknown or where his

whereabouts are unknown

b. Service upon residents temporarily outside the Philippines

7. Extraterritorial service, when allowed

8. Service upon prisoners and minors; upon spouses

9. Service upon domestic or foreign private juridical entities

10. Proof of service

H. MOTIONS

1. Motions in general

a. Definition of a motion

b. Distinguish: motions and pleadings

c. Contents and form of motions

d. Litigious and non-litigious motions; when notice of hearing necessary

e. Omnibus motion rule

f. Prohibited motions

2. Motions for Bill of Particulars

 a. Purpose and when applied for

b. Actions of the court

c. Compliance with the order and effect of noncompliance

d. Effect on the period to file a responsive pleading

I. DISMISSAL OF ACTIONS

1. Dismissal with prejudice

2. Dismissal upon notice by plaintiff

3. Dismissal upon motion by plaintiff; effect on existing counterclaim

4. Dismissal due to the fault of plaintiff

5. Dismissal of counterclaim, cross-claim or third-party complaint

J. PRE-TRIAL

1. Concept of pre-trial

2. Nature and purpose

3. Notice of pre-trial

4. Appearance of parties; effect of failure to appear

5. Pre-trial brief; effect of failure to appear

6. Pre-trial order

7. Distinguish: pre-trial in civil cases and pre-trial in criminal cases

K. INTERVENTION
 1. Requisites for intervention

2. Time to intervene

3. Remedy for the denial of motion to intervene

L. SUBPOENA

1. Subpoena duces tecum

2. Subpoena ad testificandum

3. Service of subpoena

4. Compelling attendance of witnesses; contempt

5. Quashing of subpoena

M. COMPUTATION OF TIME

N. MODES OF DISCOVERY

1. Depositions pending action; depositions before action or pending appeal

a. Meaning of deposition

b. Uses; scope of examination

c. When may objections to admissibility be made

d. When may taking of deposition be terminated or its scope limited

2. Written interrogatories to adverse parties

a. Consequences of refusal to answer

 b. Effect of failure to serve written interrogatories

3. Request for admission

a. Implied admission by adverse party

b. Consequences of failure to answer request for admission

c. Effect of admission

d. Effect of failure to file and serve request for admission

4. Production or inspection of documents or things

5. Physical and mental examination of persons

6. Consequences of refusal to comply with modes of discovery

O. TRIAL

1. Adjournments and postponements

2. Requisites of motion to postpone trial

a. For absence of evidence

b. For illness of party or counsel

3. Agreed statement of facts

4. Order of trial; reversal of order

5. Consolidation or severance of hearing or trial

 6. Delegation of reception of evidence

7. Trial by commissioners

a. Reference by consent or ordered on motion

b. Powers of the commissioner

c. Commissioner's report; notice to parties and hearing on the report

P. DEMURRER TO EVIDENCE

1. Ground

2. Effect of denial

3. Effect of grant

4. Waiver of right to present evidence

5. Action on demurrer to evidence

6. Distinguish: demurrer to evidence in a civil case and demurrer to evidence in a

criminal case

Q. JUDGMENTS AND FINAL ORDERS

1. Judgment after pre-trial

2. Judgment without trial

3. Judgment on the pleadings

4. Summary judgments

a. For the claimant

 b. For the defendant

c. When the case not fully adjudicated

d. Affidavits and attachments

5. Distinguish: judgment on the pleadings and summary judgments

6. Contents of a judgment

7. Rendition of judgments and final orders

8. Entry of judgment and final order

R. POST-JUDGMENT REMEDIES

1. Motion for new trial or reconsideration

a. Grounds

b. When to file

c. Denial of the motion; effect

d. Grant of the motion; effect

e. Remedy when motion is denied, fresh 15-day period rule

2. Appeals in general
a. Judgments and final orders subject to appeal

b. Matters not appealable

c. Remedy against judgments and orders which are not appealable

d. Modes of appeal

i. Ordinary appeal

ii. Petition for review

iii. Petition for review on certiorari

e. Issues to be raised on appeal

f. Period of appeal

g. Perfection of appeal

h. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Metropolitan Trial

Courts/Municipal Trial Courts/Municipal Trial Courts in Cities/Municipal
Circuit Trial Courts

i. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Regional Trial Courts

j. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Court of Appeals

 k. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Sandiganbayan

l. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Court of Tax Appeals

m. Review of final judgments or final orders of the Commission on Audit

n. Review of final judgments or final orders of the Commission on Elections

o. Review of final judgments or final orders of the Civil Service Commission

p. Review of final judgments or final orders of the Ombudsman

q. Review of final judgments or final orders of the National Labor Relations

Commission

r. Review of final judgments or final orders of quasi-judicial agencies

3. Relief from judgments, orders and other proceedings

a. Grounds for availing of the remedy

b. Time to file petition

c. Contents of petition

4. Annulment of Judgments or final orders and resolutions

 a. Grounds for annulment

b. Period to file action

c. Effects of judgment of annulment

5. Collateral attack of judgments

S. EXECUTION, SATISFACTION, AND EFFECT OF JUDGMENTS

1. Difference between finality of judgment for purposes of appeal; for purposes of

execution

2. When execution shall issue

a. Execution as a matter of right

b. Discretionary execution

3. How a judgment is executed

a. Execution by motion or by independent action

b. Issuance and contents of a writ of execution

c. Execution of judgments for money

d. Execution of judgments for specific acts

 e. Execution of special judgments

f. Effect of levy on third persons

4. Properties exempt from execution

5. Proceedings where property is claimed by third persons; in relation to third

party claim in attachment and replevin

6. Rules on redemption

7. Examination of judgment obligor when judgment is unsatisfied

8. Examination of obligor of judgment obligor

9. Effect of judgment or final orders

10. Enforcement and effect of foreign judgments or final orders

IV. PROVISIONAL REMEDIES

A. NATURE AND PURPOSE

B. JURISDICTION OVER PROVISIONAL REMEDIES

C. PRELIMINARY ATTACHMENT

1. Grounds for issuance of writ of attachment

2. Requisites

3. Issuance and contents of order of attachment; affidavit and bond

4. Rule on prior or contemporaneous service of summons

5. Manner of attaching real and personal property; when property attached is

claimed by third person

6. Discharge of attachment and the counter-bond

 7. Satisfaction of judgment out of property attached

8. Compared with garnishment and levy on execution

D. PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

1. Definitions and differences: preliminary injunction, temporary restraining

order, and status quo ante order

2. Requisites

3. Kinds of injunctions; kinds of temporary restraining orders

4. When writ may be issued, when writ may not be issued

5. Grounds for issuance of preliminary injunction

6. Grounds for objection to, or for the dissolution of injunction or restraining

order

7. Duration of temporary restraining orders

8. Rule on prior or contemporaneous service of summons in relation to

attachment

E. RECEIVERSHIP

1. Cases when receiver may be appointed

2. Requisites

3. Requirements before issuance of an order

4. General powers of a receiver

5. Two kinds of bonds

6. Termination of receivership

F. REPLEVIN

1. When may writ be issued

2. Requisites
 3. Affidavit and bond; redelivery bond

4. Sheriffs duty in the implementation of the writ; when property is claimed by

third party

G. PROVISIONAL REMEDIES AND INTERIM RELIEFS UNDER SPECIAL

LAWS AND RULES

1. Provisional remedies of the Family Courts

2. Human Security Act

3. Anti-Violence against Women and Children Act

4. Anti-Money Laundering Act

5. Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act

6. Precautionary Hold Departure Orders

V. SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS

A. NATURE OF SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS

B. DISTINGUISH: ORDINARY CIVIL ACTIONS AND SPECIAL CIVIL

ACTIONS

C. JURISDICTION AND VENUE

D. INTERPLEADER

1. Requisites for interpleader

2. When to file

3. Dismissal

E. DECLARATORY RELIEFS AND SIMILAR REMEDIES

1. Who may file action

2. Requisites of action for declaratory relief

 3. When court may refuse to make judicial declaration

4. Conversion to ordinary action

5. Proceedings considered as similar remedies

a. Reformation of an instrument

b. Consolidation of ownership

c. Quieting of title to real property

F. REVIEW OF JUDGMENTS AND FINAL ORDERS OR RESOLUTION OF

THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS AND THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT

1. Distinctions in the application of Rule 65 to judgments of the Commission on

Elections and Commission on Audit and the application of Rule 65 to other
tribunals, persons and officers

G. CERTIORARI, PROHIBITION AND MANDAMUS

1. Definitions and distinctions

2. Requisites

3. When petition for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus is proper

4. Injunctive relief

5. Distinguish: certiorari, appeal by certiorari, and Article VIII, Section 1 of

the Constitution

6. Distinguish: prohibition, mandamus, and injunction

7. When and where to file petition

8. Exceptions to filing of motion for reconsideration before filing petition

9. Reliefs petitioner is entitled to

 10. Acts or omissions of first-level/Regional Trial Courts in election cases

11. Where to file petition

12. Effects of filing of an unmeritorious petition

H. QUO WARRANTO

1. Distinguish: quo warranto under the Rules of Court and quo warranto under
the Omnibus Election Code

2. When government commences an action against individuals or associations

3. When individual may commence an action

4. Judgment in quo warranto action

5. Rights of a person adjudged entitled to public office

6. Limitations

I. EXPROPRIATION

1. Matters to allege in complaint for expropriation

2. Two stages in every action for expropriation

3. When plaintiff can immediately enter into possession of the real property

4. New system of immediate payment of initial just compensation

5. Defenses and objections

6. Order of expropriation

7. Ascertainment of just compensation

8. Appointment of commissioners; commissioner's report; court action upon

commissioner's report

9. Rights of plaintiff upon judgment and payment

10. Effect of recording of judgment

J. FORECLOSURE OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE

1. Kinds of foreclosure

a. Judicial foreclosure

b. Extrajudicial foreclosure

2. Need for special power of attorney

3. Authority to foreclose extrajudicially

4. Procedure

a. Where to file

b. Where to sell

c. Posting requirement

d. Publication requirement

i. Sufficiency of newspaper publication

ii. Need for republication in case of postponement

iii. Personal notice to the mortgagor when and when not needed

5. Possession by purchaser of foreclosed property

6. Remedy of debtor if foreclosure is not proper

7. Redemption
 a. Who may redeem

b. Amount of redemption price

c. Period for redemption

d. Effect of pendency of action for annulment of sale

8. Writ of possession

a. Ministerial duty of the court

b. Enforcement against third parties

c. Pendency of action for annulment of sale 9. Annulment of sale

K. PARTITION

1. Who may file complaint; who should be made defendants

2. Matters to allege in the complaint for partition

3. Two stages in every action for partition

4. Order of partition and partition by agreement

5. Partition by commissioners; appointment of commissioners, commissioner's

report; court action upon commissioner's report

6. Judgment and its effects

7. Partition of personal property

 8. Prescription of action

9. When partition is not allowed

L. FORCIBLE ENTRY AND UNLAWFUL DETAINER

1. Definitions and distinction

2. Distinguish: forcible entry, unlawful detainer, accion publiciana, and

accion reivindicatoria

3. Jurisdiction in accion publiciana and accion reivindicatoria

4. Who may institute the action and when; against whom the action may be
maintained

5. Pleadings allowed

6. Action on the complaint

7. When demand is necessary

8. Preliminary injunction and preliminary mandatory injunction

9. Resolving defense of ownership

10. How to stay the immediate execution of judgment

11. Prohibited pleadings and motions

M. CONTEMPT

1. Kinds of contempt

2. Purpose and nature of each

3. Remedy against direct contempt; penalty

4. Remedy against indirect contempt; penalty

5. How contempt proceedings are commenced

6. Acts deemed punishable as indirect contempt

 7. When imprisonment shall be imposed

8. Contempt against quasi-judicial bodies

VI. SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS

A. SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OF DECEASED PERSONS, VENUE AND
PROCESS

1. Which court has jurisdiction

2. Venue in judicial settlement of estate

3. Extent of jurisdiction of probate court

4. Powers and duties of probate court

B. SUMMARY SETTLEMENT OF ESTATES

1. Extrajudicial settlement by agreement between heirs, when allowed

2. Two-year prescriptive period

3. Affidavit of self-adjudication by sole heir

4. Summary settlement of estates of small value, when allowed

5. Remedies of aggrieved parties after extra-judicial settlement of estate

C. PRODUCTION AND PROBATE OF WILL

1. Nature of probate proceeding

2. Who may petition for probate; persons entitled to notice

D. ALLOWANCE OR DISALLOW ANCE OF WILL

1. Contents of petition for allowance of will

2. Grounds for disallowing a will

 3. Reprobate; requisites before will proved outside allowed in the Philippines;
effects of probate

E. LETTERS TESTAMENT ARY AND OF ADMINISTRATION

1. When and to whom letters of administration granted

2. Order of preference

3. Opposition to issuance of letters testamentary; simultaneous filing of petition

for administration

4. Powers and duties of executors and administrators; restrictions on the powers

5. Appointment of special administrator

6. Grounds for removal of administrator

F. CLAIMS AGAINST THE ESTATE

1. Time within which claims shall be filed; exceptions

2. Statute of non-claims

3. Claim of executor or administrator against the estate

4. Payment of debts

G. ACTIONS BY AND AGAINST EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS

1. Actions that may be brought against executors and administrators

2. Requisites before creditor may bring an action for recovery of property

fraudulently conveyed by the deceased

H. DISTRIBUTION AND PARTITION

1. Liquidation

2. Project of partition

3. Remedy of an heir entitled to residue but not given his share

4. Instances when probate court may issue writ of execution

I. TRUSTEES

1. Distinguish: trustee and executor/administrator

2. Conditions of the bond

3. Requisites for the removal and resignation of a trustee

4. Grounds for removal and resignation of a trustee

5. Extent of authority of trustee

J. ESCHEAT

1. When to file

2. Requisites for filing of petition

3. Remedy of respondent against petition; period for filing a claim

K. GUARDIANSHIP

1. Venue

2. Appointment of guardians

3. General powers and duties of guardians

4. Termination of guardianship

L. ADOPTION

1. Distinguish domestic adoption from inter-country adoption

2. Domestic adoption

a. Effects of adoption

b. Instances when adoption may be rescinded

 c. Effects of rescission of adoption

3. Inter-country adoption

a. When allowed

b. Functions of the Regional Trial Court

c. "Best interest of the child" standard

M. WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

1. Contents of the petition

2. Contents of the return

3. Peremptory writ and preliminary citation

4. When not proper or applicable

5. When writ disallowed or discharged

6. Distinguish: writ of habeas corpus, writ of amparo, and writ of habeas

data

7. Writ of habeas corpus in relation to custody of minors

N. WRIT OF AMPARO

1. Coverage

2. Differences between amparo and search warrant

3. Who may file

4. Contents of return

5. Effects of failure to file return

 6. Omnibus waiver rule

7. Procedure for hearing

8. Institution of separate action

9. Effect of filing of a criminal action

10. Consolidation

11. Interim reliefs available to petitioner and respondent

12. Quantum of proof in application for issuance of writ of amparo

O. WRIT OF HABEAS DATA

1. Scope of writ

2. Availability of writ

3. Who may file

4. Contents of the petition

5. Contents of return

6. Instances when petition be heard in chambers

7. Consolidation

8. Effect of filing of a criminal action

9. Institution of separate action

10. Quantum of proof in application for issuance of writ of habeas data

P. CHANGE OF NAME

1. Differences under Rule 103, Republic Act No. 9048 and Rule 108

2. Grounds for change of name

Q. ABSENTEES
 1. Purpose of the rule

2. Who may file; when to file

R. CANCELLATION OR CORRECTION OF ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL

REGISTRY

1. Entries subject to cancellation or correction under Rule 108, in relation to

Republic Act No. 9048

S. APPEALS IN SPECIAL PROCEEDING

1. Judgments and orders for which appeal may be taken

2. When to appeal

3. Modes of appeal

4. Rule on advance distribution

VII. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

A. GENERALMATTERS

1. Distinguish jurisdiction over subject matter from jurisdiction over person of the
accused

2. Requisites for exercise of criminal jurisdiction

3. Jurisdiction of criminal courts

4. When injunction may be issued to restrain criminal prosecution

B. PROSECUTION OF OFFENSES

1. Criminal actions, how instituted

2. Who may file them, crimes that cannot be prosecuted de oficio

3. Criminal actions, when enjoined

4. Control of prosecution
 5. Sufficiency of complaint or information

6. Designation of offense

7. Cause of the accusation

8. Duplicity of the offense; exception

9. Amendment or substitution of complaint or information

10. Venue of criminal actions

11. Intervention of offended party

C. PROSECUTION OF CIVIL ACTION

1. Rule on implied institution of civil action with criminal action

2. When civil action may proceed independently

3. When separate civil action is suspended

4. Effect of the death of accused or convict on civil action

5. Prejudicial question

6. Rule on filing fees in civil action deemed instituted with the criminal action

D. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

1. Nature of right

2. Purposes of preliminary investigation

3. Who may conduct determination of existence of probable cause

a. Distinguish: executive and judicial determination of probable cause

4. Resolution of investigation prosecutor

5. Review

6. When warrant of arrest may issue

 7. Cases not requiring a preliminary investigation

8. Remedies of accused if there was no preliminary investigation

9. Inquest

E. ARREST

1. Arrest, how made

2. Arrest without warrant, when lawful

3. Method of arrest

a. By officer with warrant

b. By officer without warrant

c. By private person

4. Requisites of a valid warrant of arrest

5. Determination of probable cause for issuance of warrant of arrest

F. BAIL

1. Nature

2. When a matter of right; exceptions

3. When a matter of discretion

4. Hearing of application for bail in capital offenses

5. Guidelines in fixing amount of bail

6. Bail when not required

7. Increase or reduction of bail

 8. Forfeiture and cancellation of bail

9. Application not a bar to objections in illegal arrest, lack of or irregular

preliminary investigation

G. ARRAIGNMENT AND PLEA

1. How made

2. When should plea of not guilty be entered

3. When may accused enter a plea of guilty to a lesser offense

4. Accused plead guilty to capital offense, what the court should do

5. Searching inquiry

6. Improvident plea

H. MOTION TO QUASH

1. Grounds

2. Distinguish from demurrer to evidence

3. Effects of sustaining the motion to quash

4. Exception to the rule that sustaining the motion is not a bar to another
prosecution

5. Double jeopardy

6. Provisional dismissal

I. PRE-TRIAL

1. Matters to be considered during pre-trial

2. What the court should do when prosecution and offended party agree to the
plea offered by the accused

3. Pre-trial agreement

4. Non-appearance during pre-trial

 5. Pre-trial order

J. TRIAL

1. Instances when presence of accused is required by law

2. Requisite before trial can be suspended on account of absence of witness

3. Trial in absentia

4. Remedy when accused is not brought to trial within the prescribed period

5. Requisites for discharge of accused to become a state witness

6. Effects of discharge of accused as state witness

7. Demurrer to evidence

8. Guidelines on continuous trial

a. Applicability

b. Prohibited and meritorious motions

c. Arraignment and pre-trial

d. Trial; memoranda

e. Promulgation

K. JUDGMENT

1. Requisites of a judgment

2. Contents of judgment
 3. Promulgation of judgment; instances of promulgation of judgment / in absentia

4. Instances when judgment becomes final

L. NEW TRIAL OR RECONSIDERATION

1. Grounds for new trial

2. Grounds for reconsideration

3. Requisites before a new trial may be granted on ground of newly discovered

evidence

4. Effects of granting a new trial or reconsideration

M. APPEAL

1. Effect of an appeal

2. Where to appeal

3. How appeal taken

4. Effect of appeal by any of several accused

5. Grounds for dismissal of appeal

N. SEARCH AND SEIZURE

1. Nature of search warrant

2. Distinguish from warrant of arrest

3. Application for search warrant, where filed

4. Probable cause for issuance of search warrant

5. Personal examination by judge of the applicant and witnesses

6. Particularity of place to be searched and things to be seized

7. Personal property to be seized

8. Exceptions to search warrant requirement

 a. Search incidental to lawful arrest

b. Consented search

c. Search of moving vehicle

d. Check points; body checks in airport

e. Plain view situation

f. Stop and frisk situation

g. Enforcement of custom laws

9. Remedies from unlawful search and seizure

10. Cybercrime warrants

a. Scope and applicability

b. General provisions

c. Preservation of computer data

d. Disclosure of computer data

 e. Interception of computer data

f. Search, seizure, and examination of computer data

g. Custody of computer data

h. Destruction of computer data

O. PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CRIMINAL CASES

VIII. EVIDENCE
A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

1. Concept of evidence

2. Scope of the rules of evidence

3. Distinguish: proof and evidence

4. Distinguish: actum probans and factum probandum

5. Admissibility of evidence

a. Requisites for admissibility of evidence; exclusions under the

Constitution, laws, and the Rules of Court

b. Relevance of evidence and collateral matters

c. Multiple admissibility
 d. Conditional admissibility

e. Curative admissibility

f. Direct and circumstantial evidence

g. Positive and negative evidence

h. Competent and credible evidence

6. Burden of proof and burden of evidence

7. Presumptions

a. Conclusive presumptions

b. Disputable presumptions

c. Presumptions in civil actions and proceedings; against an accused in

criminal cases

8. Construction of the rules of evidence

9. Quantum of evidence

B. JUDICIAL NOTICE AND JUDICIAL ADMISSIONS

1. What need not be proved

2. Matters of judicial notice

 a. Mandatory

b. Discretionary

3. Judicial admissions

a. Effect of judicial admissions

b. How judicial admissions may be contradicted

c. Pre-trial admissions

C. OBJECT (REAL) EVIDENCE

1. Nature of object evidence

2. Requisites for admissibility

3. Categories of object evidence

4. Chain of custody in relation to Section 21 of the Comprehensive Dangerous

Drugs Act of 2002

5. DNA Evidence

a. Meaning of DNA

b. Application for DNA testing order

c. Post-conviction DNA testing; remedy

 d. Assessment of probative value of DNA evidence and admissibility

e. Rules on evaluation of reliability of the DNA testing methodology

D. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

1. Meaning of documentary evidence

2. Requisites for admissibility

3. Original document rule

a. Meaning of the rule

b. When not applicable

c. Meaning of original document and duplicate

d. Secondary evidence; summaries

4. Electronic evidence

a. Meaning of electronic evidence; electronic data massage

b. Probative value of electronic documents or evidentiary weight; method of

proof

c. Authentication of electronic documents and electronic signatures

 d. Electronic documents and the hearsay rule

e. Audio, photographic, video and ephemeral evidence

5. Parol evidence rule

a. Application of the parol evidence rule

b. When parol evidence can be introduced

c. Distinguish: original document rule and parol evidence rule

6. Authentication and proof of documents

a. Meaning of authentication

b. Classes of documents

c. When a private writing requires authentication; proof of a private writing

d. When evidence of authenticity of a private writing is not required

e. Genuineness of handwriting

f. Public documents as evidence; proof of official record

 g. Attestation of a copy

h. Public record of a public document

i. Proof of lack of record

j. How a judicial record is impeached

k. Proof of notarial documents

l. Alterations in a document

m. Documentary evidence in an unofficial language

E. TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE

1. Qualifications of a witness

2. Disqualifications of witnesses

a. Disqualification by reason of marriage

b. Disqualification by reason of privileged communications; rule on third

parties

i. Husband and wife

ii. Attorney and client; exceptions

iii. Physician and patient

 iv. Priest and penitent

v. Public officers

c. Parental and filial privilege rule

d. Trade secrets

3. Examination of a witness

a. Rights and obligations of a witness

b. Order in the examination of an individual witness

c. Leading and misleading questions

d. Impeachment of witness

i. Adverse party's witness

ii. By evidence of conviction of crime

iii. Own witness

iv. How the witness is impeached by evidence of inconsistent statements

e. Referral of witness to memorandum

f. Examination of a child witness

i. Applicability of the rule

ii. Meaning of "child witness"

 iii. Competency of a child witness

iv. Examination of a child witness

v. Live-link TV testimony of a child witness

vi. Videotaped deposition of a child witness

vii. Hearsay exception in child abuse cases

viii. Sexual abuse shield rule

ix. Protective orders

4. Admissions and confessions

a. Admission by a party

b. Res inter alias acta rule

c. Admission by a third party

d. Admission by a co-partner or agent

e. Admission by a conspirator

f. Admission by privies

g. Admission by silence

h. Confessions
 i. Similar acts as evidence

j. Admissibility of offers of compromise

5. Hearsay rule

a. Meaning of hearsay

b. Reason for exclusion of hearsay evidence

c. Exceptions to the hearsay rule

i. Dying declaration

ii. Statement of decedent or person of unsound mind

iii. Declaration against interest

iv. Act or declaration about pedigree

v. Family reputation or tradition regarding pedigree

vi. Common reputation

vii. Part of the res gestae

viii. Records of regularly conducted business activity

ix. Entries in official records

x. Commercial lists and the like

xi. Learned treatises

xii. Testimony or deposition at a former trial

xiii. Residual exception

 d. Independently relevant statements

6. Opinion rule

a. Opinion of expert witness; weight given

b. Opinion of ordinary witness

7. Character evidence

a. Criminal cases

b. Civil cases

c. Criminal and civil cases

8. Judicial affidavits

a. Scope

b. Submission in lieu of direct testimony

c. Contents

d. Offer and objection

e. Application in criminal cases

 f. Effect of non-compliance

F. OFFER AND OBJECTION

1. Offer of evidence

2. When to make an offer

3. Objection

4. Repetition of an objection

5. Ruling

6. Striking out of an answer

7. Tender of excluded evidence

IX. REVISED RULES ON SUMMARY PROCEDURE

A. Cases covered by the Rule

B. Effect of failure to answer

C. Preliminary conference and appearances of parties

D. Prohibited pleadings and motions

E. Appeal

X. KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY
A. Cases covered

B. Subject matter for amicable settlement

C. Venue
 D. When parties may directly go to court

E. Execution

F. Repudiation

XI. RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR SMALL CLAIMS CASES

A. Scope and applicability of the Rule

B. Commencement of small claims action; response

C. Prohibited pleadings and motions

D. Appearances

E. Hearing; duty of the judge

F. Finality of judgment

XII. RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CASES

A. Scope and applicability of the Rule

B. Civil procedure

1. Prohibition against temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction

2. Pre-trial conference; consent decree

3. Prohibited pleadings and motions

4. Temporary environmental protection order

5. Judgment and execution; reliefs in a citizen's suit

6. Permanent environmental protection order; writ of continuing mandamus

7. Strategic lawsuit against public participation

C. Special proceedings

1. Writ of kalikasan

2. Prohibited pleadings and motions

3. Discovery measures

4. Writ of continuing mandamus

D. Criminal procedure

1. Who may file

2. Institution of criminal and civil action

3. Arrest without warrant, when valid

4. Procedure in the custody and disposition of seized items

5. Bail

6. Arraignment and plea

7. Pre-trial

8. Subsidiary liabilities

E. Evidence

1. Precautionary principle

2. Documentary evidence

XIII. ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION

A. Types of processes and procedures in alternative dispute resolution;
comparison with court-annexed mediation

B. Domestic arbitration

C. Judicial review of arbitral awards

 D. Appeal from court decisions on arbitral awards

E. Venue and jurisdiction

F. Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution

1. Subject matter

2. Summary proceedings in certain cases

3. Prohibited submissions

4. Judicial relief involving the issue of existence, validity and enforceability of

arbitration agreements

5. Interim measures of protection

6. Enforcement and recognition or setting aside of an international commercial

arbitral award

7. Recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitral award

8. Special civil action for certiorari

LIST OF RELEVANT MATERIALS

I. THE 1987 CONSTITUTION
II. LAWS
B.P. Blg. 129
as amended by:
a. Rep. Act No. 9276 The Judiciary Reorganization Act of
b. Rep. Act No. 9252 1980
c. Rep. Act No. 7902
d. Pres. Decree No. 1860
B.P. Blg. 881, Omnibus Election Code of the
Art. XXI Philippines
Pres. Decree No. 1083 Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the
 Philippines

Pres. Decree No. 1606 Creating a Special Court to be Known

as amended by as "Sandiganbayan" and for Other
Rep. Act No. 10660 Purposes
Rep. Act No. 1125
as amended by:
An Act Creating the Court of Tax
a. Rep. Act No. 3457
Appeals
b. Rep. Act No. 9503
c. Rep. Act No. 9282
Rep. Act No. 7160,
Local Government Code of 1991
Ch.2, Sec. 19
Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained,
Rep. Act No. 7438
or Under Custodial Investigation
Rep. Act No. 8043
as amended by Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995
Rep. Act No. 9523
Rep. Act No. 8369
as amended by Family Courts Act of 1997
Rep. Act No. 9775
Rep. Act No. 8552
as amended by:
a. Rep. Act No. 8552 Domestic Adoption Act of 1998
b. Rep. Act No. 10165
c. Rep. Act No. 11222
An Act to Facilitate the Acquisition of
Right-Of-Way, Site or Location for
Rep. Act No. 8974
National Government Infrastructure
Projects and for Other Purposes
Rep. Act No. 8975 Prohibiting Lower Courts from
Issuing Temporary Restraining
Orders, Preliminary Injunctions or
Preliminary Mandatory Injunctions on
 Government Infrastructure Projects
An Act Authorizing the City or
Municipal Civil Registrar or the
Consul General to Correct a Clerical
or Typographical Error in an Entry
Rep. Act No. 9048
and/or Change of First Name or
as amended by
Nickname in the Civil Register
Rep. Act No. 10172
Without Need of a Judicial Order,
Amending for This Purpose Articles
376 and 412 of the Civil Code of the
Philippines
Rep. Act No. 9160
as amended by:
a. Rep. Act No. 9194
Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001
b. Rep. Act No. 10167
c. Rep. Act No. 10365
d. Rep. Act No. 10927
Rep. Act No. 9165,
Sec. 21 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
as amended by of 2002
Rep. Act No. 10640
Rep. Act No. 9262
as amended by Anti-Violence Against Women and
Rep. Act No. 9710, their Children Act of 2004
sec. 41
The Alternative Dispute Resolution
Rep. Act No. 9285
Act
Rep. Act No. 9372 Human Security Act of 2007
Financial Rehabilitation and
Rep. Act No. 10142
Insolvency Act of 2010
III. RULES
The Rules of Court
 2019 Proposed Amendments to the
A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC
1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
2019 Proposed Amendments to the
A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC
Revised Rules on Evidence
2018 Revised Internal Rules of the
A.M. No. 13-7-05-SB
Sandiganbayan
Rule on Administrative Search and
A.M. No. 19-08-06-SC Inspection under the Philippine
Competition Act
Resolution of the Court En Banc
dated October 15, 1991
Revised Rules on Summary Procedure
as amended by
A.M. No. 02-11-09-SC
Administrative Circular No. 14-93 Katarungang Pambarangay
Rule on Examination of a Child
A.M. No. 00-4-07-SC
Witness
A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC Rules on Electronic Evidence
A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC Rule on Adoption
A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC Rules on Provisional Orders
Rules on Custody of Minors and Writ
A.M. No. 03-04-04-SC of Habeas Corpus in Relation to
Custody of Minors
A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC Rule on DNA Evidence
A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC The Rule on the Writ of Amparo
Special Rules of Court on Alternative I
A.M. No. 07-11-08-SC
Dispute Resolution
AM No. 08-1-16-SC The Rule on the Writ of Habeas Data
The Revised Rules of Procedure for
A.M. No. 08-8-7-SC
Small Claims Cases
 Rules of Procedure for Environmental
A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC
Cases
Rules of Procedure in Election
Contests before the Courts involving
A.M. No. 10-4-1-SC
Elective Municipal and Barangay
Officials
A.M. No. 12-8-8-SC The Judicial Affidavit Rule
A.M. No. 12-12-11-SC & Financial Rehabilitation Rules of
A.M. No. 15-04-06-SC Procedure
Revised Guidelines for Continuous
A.M. No. 15-06-10-SC
Trial of Criminal Cases
A.M. No. 17-11-03-SC The Rule on Cybercrime Warrants
Rule on Precautionary Hold
A.M. No. 18-07-05-SC
Departure Order

I. THE 1987 CONSTITUTION

II. LAWS

B.P. Blg. 129

as amended by:

a. Rep. Act No. 9276

b. Rep. Act No. 9252

c. Rep. Act No. 7902

d. Pres. Decree No. 1860

B.P. Blg. 881,

Art. XXI

Pres. Decree No. 1083

Pres. Decree No. 1606

as amended by

Rep. Act No. 10660

Rep. Act No. 1125

as amended by:

a. Rep. Act No. 3457

b. Rep. Act No. 9503

c. Rep. Act No. 9282

Rep. Act No. 7160,

ch.2,sec. 19

Rep. Act No. 7438

Rep. Act No. 8043

as amended by

Rep. Act No. 9523

Rep. Act No. 8369

as amended by

Rep. Act No. 9775

Rep. Act No. 8552

as amended by:

a. Rep. Act No. 8552

b. Rep. Act No. 10165

c. Rep. Act No. 11222

The Judiciary Reorganization Act of

1980

Omnibus Election Code of the

Philippines

Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the

Philippines

Creating a Special Court to be Known

as "Sandiganbayan" and for Other

Purposes

An Act Creating the Court of Tax

Appeals

Local Government Code of 1991

Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained,

or Under Custodial Investigation

Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995

Family Courts Act of 1997

Domestic Adoption Act of 1998

Page 25 of28

,P
Rep. Act No. 8974

Rep. Act No. 8975

Rep. Act No. 9048

as amended by

Rep. Act No. 10172

Rep. Act No. 9160

as amended by:

a. Rep. Act No. 9194

b. Rep. Act No. 10167

c. Rep. Act No. 10365

d. Rep. Act No. 10927

Rep. Act No. 9165,

sec. 21

as amended by

Rep. Act No. 10640

Rep. Act No. 9262

as amended by

Rep. Act No. 9710,

sec. 41

Rep. Act No. 9285

Rep. Act No. 9372

Rep. Act No. 10142

An Act to Facilitate the Acquisition of

Right-Of-Way, Site or Location for

National Government Infrastructure

Projects and for Other Purposes

Prohibiting Lower Courts from

Issuing Temporary Restraining

Orders, Preliminary Injunctions or

Preliminary Mandatory Injunctions on

Government Infrastructure Projects

An Act Authorizing the City or

Municipal Civil Registrar or the

Consul General to Correct a Clerical

or Typographical Error in an Entry

and/or Change of First Name or

Nickname in the Civil Register

Without Need of a Judicial Order,

Amending for This Purpose Articles

376 and 412 of the Civil Code of the

Philippines

Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act

of2002

Anti-Violence Against Women and

their Children Act of 2004

The Alternative Dispute Resolution

Act
Human Security Act of 2007

Financial Rehabilitation and

Insolvency Act of 2010

Page 26 of28

/
III. RULES
The Rules of Court

A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC 2019 Proposed Amendments to the

1997 Rules of Civil Procedure

A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC 2019 Proposed Amendments to the

Revised Rules on Evidence

A.M. No. 13-7-05-SB 2018 Revised Internal Rules of the

Sandiganbayan

A.M. No. 19-08-06-SC Rule on Administrative Search and

Inspection under the Philippine

Competition Act

Resolution of the Court En Revised Rules on Summary

Banc Dated October 15, Procedure

1991

as amended by

A.M. No. 02-11-09-SC

Administrative Circular No. Katarungang Pambarangay

14-93
A.M. No. 00-4-07-SC Rule on Examination of a Child

Witness

A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC Rules on Electronic Evidence

A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC Rule on Adoption

A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC Rules on Provisional Orders

A.M. No. 03-04-04-SC Rules on Custody of Minors and Writ

of Habeas Corpus in Relation to

Custody of Minors

A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC Rule on DNA Evidence

A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC The Rule on the Writ of Amparo

A.M. No. 07-11-08-SC Special Rules of Court on Alternative I Dispute Resolution

AM No. 08-1-16-SC The Rule on the Writ of Habeas Data
Page 27 of28

A.M. No. 08-8-7-SC

A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC

A.M. No. 10-4-1-SC

A.M. No. 12-8-8-SC

A.M. No. 12-12-11-SC &

A.M. No. 15-04-06-SC

A.M. No. 15-06-10-SC

A.M. No. 17-11-03-SC

A.M. No. 18-07-05-SC

The Revised Rules of Procedure for

Small Claims Cases

Rules of Procedure for Environmental

Cases

Rules of Procedure in Election

Contests before the Courts involving

Elective Municipal and Barangay

Officials

The Judicial Affidavit Rule

Financial Rehabilitation Rules of

Procedure

Revised Guidelines for Continuous

Trial of Criminal Cases

The Rule on Cybercrime Warrants

Rule on Precautionary Hold

Departure Order

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