Submitted by:

URBAN HOUSING Akash Karva

Ashwin
Avni Durga
HIGH RISE HOUSING Nidhi Shreya P.
Rachitha R. Chinny
INTRODUCTION
• High Rise buildings have played critical role in defining & redefining, the
quality of spaces, pattern of living, shaping communities & giving distinct
identity to human settlements.
• High Rise Buildings are essentially nineteenth century phenomenon which
have been made possible by advancement in building materials,
technologies and construction methodologies and faster modes of vertical
movement.
• These buildings have been defined in terms of height, number of storeys, use
of space, location, structure, safety, infrastructure etc. Accordingly, high rise
buildings have been defined as:
o A multistoried building equipped with elevators.
o A building that exceeds 6 stories in height and equipped with elevators.
o A building having a large number of floors usually constructed where
land costs are very high.
o Buildings between 23 meters and 150 meters are high rise buildings
whereas buildings taller than 150 meters are classified as sky scrapers.
o Building having more than 6 floors and constructed of reinforced
concrete and steel.
o As structure where the height can have a serious impact on evacuation.
CHARACTERISTICS
Major characters which distinguishes high rise buildings
from other structures are:
• Height which is more than 23 meters
• Number of stories which are more than 6
• Materials used for construction are glass, steel and
concrete
• Vertical movement within the building is through
mechanical means i.e. elevators

DEMAND
• Scarcity of land in urban areas
• Increasing demand for business and residential
space
• Economic growth
• Technological advancements
• Innovations in structural systems
• Desire for aesthetics in urban settings
• Concept of city skyline
• Cultural significance and prestige
• Human aspiration to build higher
WHY HIGH RISE APARTMENTS
• High-rise apartments are not only popular for their location and convenience, but also for the beautiful view they offer of the entire
city, which would not be available in apartments less than 4 floors.
• Being multi-storey, these apartments tend to have better air flow, natural lighting and ventilation. The cool evening breeze can
reduce the need for fans and air conditioners and lower electricity consumption in the long-term.
• High-rise generally have a larger number of apartments and hence a bigger community. This can help have a better social life and
a great community living experience. Some apartment communities also organize group activities that encourage socializing.
• High-rise apartments usually offer more high-end amenities and common areas compared to that of low-rise apartments. However,
maintenance of high-rise apartments have always been a concern due to the same reason.

BENEFITS OF LIVING IN A HIGH RISE APARTMENT

A high-rise apartment is a building that has a minimum of four floors and can go as high as 40 to 50 storeys. To meet the rising demand,
many property builders are developing projects with high-rise apartments for both the luxury and affordable sectors. There are many
reasons why high-rise apartment living is so great. These include:
• THE VIEW
o One of the main benefits of high-rise apartments is the view. This is especially true in cities that have a picturesque landscape of
lush greenery.
o The rule of thumb is the higher the apartment, the better the view. It is also important to keep in mind that the luxury apartments
that come at a higher price point are usually located closer to the top.
o High-rise apartments also get more natural light than the ones below.
• PEACEFUL
o Living in a high-rise apartment also means that you are further away from the hustle and bustle of the city.
o The noise and pollution that city life brings with it, then a high-rise apartment serves as a sanctuary.
o A high-rise apartment provides a safe space where you can take a break and relax.
• SECURITY
o Security is a major factor that many people consider before they make a decision.
o High-rise apartments are known to offer greater security with the installation of security cameras and motion sensors. While this
technology is on all floors of the building, the people on the lower floors are more susceptible to burglary.
o The security management measures that are taken by the building also plays a huge role in safety.
• SOCIALIZE WITH NEIGHBORS
o When we live in a high-rise apartment, we have a greater opportunity to meet new people and make friends. As a member of
a large residential community, we can host fun activities like game nights and potlucks to foster relationships with your
neighbors.
o Getting more involved in your residential community will make you feel right at home.
• UTILITY COSTS
o Typically with high-rise apartments, the utility costs can be included in the rent or they need to be paid separately.
o These utility costs tend to be lower across all the apartments in a high-rise building due to the construction standards.
o Due to a large number of apartments in the building, the contractor is able to negotiate for lower costs due to the economies
of scale.
o These low costs are then passed on to the residents as lower utility costs.
 o Many building lounges also offer free Wi-Fi so this can help you
save on internet expenses too.
• LUXURY
o High-rise apartments are known for their views so more often than
not, they are located in affluent areas of the city.
o Moreover, apartments located higher up in the building are bigger
and more luxurious.
o This is why the top floor in many apartment buildings is converted
to a pent-house that is designed to meet the needs of the luxury
buyer.
o A high-rise apartment can provide comfort and luxury in addition
to some stunning views.
• AMENITIES
o One of the best parts about living in a high-rise apartment is the
world of amenities it provides.
o Services like trash collection, maintenance and moving services
are all provided by the building.
o This is a luxury that apartments provide over independent homes
and they are often available with the click of a button.
o These amenities provide convenience and comfort.
ADVANTAGES OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
• They save space and accommodate more residents as compared to
shorter buildings.
• The higher floors are relatively more airy and receive more sunlight.
• Taller buildings are a better option for the idea of a green building since
they are more lit, airy and provide more surface area to install solar
panels.
• They are much more economical as buying a small land and
constructing a tall building is more affordable than purchasing a
widespread land.
• Vertical expansion means they can accommodate more residential /
commercial space per square meter of ground floor than single storey
buildings which take up more ground floor or land.
• They are suitable for highly populated or overpopulated countries where
there is a shortage of land.
• They are much more economical as buying a small land and
constructing a tall building is more affordable than purchasing a
widespread land.
• High elevation buildings offer tenants much better security than a
ground-level development that provides intruders with multiple points of
access.
DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
• The construction of very tall buildings requires highly skilled
engineers and architects to design the building, thus increasing
the total cost.
• Very tall buildings bear wind forces and seismic forces apart from
dead and live loads.
• Buildings above 100 story height face the problem of oscillation,
sometimes resulting in crashing of windowpanes (e.g. the case
of 200 Clarendon.)
• The foundations of very tall buildings with smaller construction land
are under tremendous load and failing of soil may lead to
collapse of the building.
• Constant oscillations may give a nauseating feeling to the
residents of the building.
• Large population creates an imbalanced load on all the
municipal services such as water supply, sewage, electricity, etc.
• It becomes difficult to prevent accidents caused by fire.
• The foundations are under tremendous load and any failing of the
soil can lead to the collapse of the building.
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
The material increases in the ratio (n + 1) / 2, where n is the number of floors, because the vertical components carrying the
gravity loads will need to be strengthened for the full height of the building, requiring more vertical steel than a one-story structure
having the same floor area.
• BSB PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
o The process uses a factory-fabricated steel structure system and on-site installation, using flanges and high-strength bolts
to join the construction members.
o It also incorporates integrated, installable floor slabs, light wallboard, and other prefabricated materials.
o It has the advantages of magnitude-9 earthquake resistance, five times the energy efficiency of a conventionally built
structure, at between 10 and 30 percent lower cost.
o The process produces less than 1 percent of the waste when compared with conventional site-built construction.
• KONE ULTRAROPE FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING
o ONE Ultra Rope is a new carbon-fiber hoisting technology, the weight and bending advantages of which effectively
double the distance an elevator can travel in a single shaft – to 1,000 m (1 km).
o Comprised of a carbon fiber core and an epoxy-based high-friction coating, KONE Ultra Rope is extremely light, meaning
elevator energy consumption and machine room size in high-rise buildings can be cut significantly.
• RASTER FAÇADE PRECAST CONCRETE SYSTEM
o The raster façade is a load-bearing precast concrete frame that eliminates interior columns, allowing floor-to-ceiling glass by
way of triple-glazing with exterior retractable protective louvers.
o It also generates more usable floor area than other systems.
o The precast façade generates a ratio of 60 percent glazed to 40 percent closed surfaces, improving insulation values.
o Heating and cooling systems are integrated into suspended ceiling panels, which is more efficient than installing those systems
in the floor.
• STRENGHTS
o Changing the skyline of the cities.
o Providing a new definition to the architectural vocabulary of the urban areas.
o Providing large volume of built up area within a building.
o Ensuring extensive/optimum use of available urban land.
o Buildings acting as Landmark
o Providing enormous flexibility of built environment.
o Pro viding distinct identity to the cities/nations.
o Making value addition to urban design component of the city.
o Promoting local tourism and economies.
o Promoting advancement in building materials, building and construction technologies.
 WEAKNESSES
o High cost of construction.
o Involving large consumption of conventional energy.
o Highly prone to natural and manmade disasters.
o Requiring high degree of technical skills in construction, structure, equipment, services, planning & designing.
o Generating large value of traffic & creating transportation related problem including parking etc.
o Damaging adjoining built environment in case of disasters.
o Adversely impacting air, light and ventilation, quality of life of the adjoining areas.
o Causing enormous loss to human life & properly in case of disasters.
o Highly unsuitable for certain activities like residential etc.
• OPPORTUNITIES
o Redefining the urban planning and city profiles.
o Making human settlement more compact.
o Minimizing travel within cities.
o Providing opportunities for creating a new theme based built environment and architecture.
o Reducing land involved for urbanization in cities/town.
o Making available more areas for agriculture & other urban and non-urban uses.
o Providing economy in creating basic city infrastructure due to compact cities.
o Making cities more sustainable.
o Providing opportunities for using building facades for generating power through solar energy and making building self-reliant to
a large extent.
o Creating high level of eco-friendly built environment.
o Making available basic necessities and opportunities in close vicinity in term of recreation, health, education and work areas.
o Creating higher order of skills in planning, designing, construction, materials, structure and building maintenance.
• THREATS
o Adding to the global warming.
o Becoming easy target to the manmade disasters.
o High degree of susceptibility to earthquakes.
o High degree of conventional energy consumption.
o Threat to safety to large number of human beings and economy.
o Ignoring the basic principles of designing i.e. orientation/climatology.
KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENTS
• Began: 1970
• Completion: 1974
• Architect : Charles Correa Associate
• Structure Type : High Rise Building
• Location : Cumballa Hill, Mumbai, India
• Height : 84 Metres
• Floor : 27
• Function : Housing (Residential)
• Type : Modern Structure Material : Concrete
• Architecture Style: Modern, Brutalism
• By developing climatic solutions for different sites and programs, Indian architect Charles
Correa designed the Kanchanjunga Apartments.
• Located in Mumbai, the U.S. equivalent of New York City in terms of population and
diversity, the 32 luxury apartments are located south-west of downtown in an upscale
suburban setting embodying the characteristics of the upper echelon of society within the
community.
• The Kanchanjunga Apartments are a direct response to the present culture, the
escalating urbanization, and the climatic conditions for the region.
• The building is a 32 story reinforced concrete structure with 6.3m
cantilevered open terraces.
• The central core is composed of lifts and provides the main
structural element for resisting lateral loads. The central core was
constructed ahead of the main structure by slip method of
construction.
• This technique was used for the first time in India for a multistory
building.
• The concrete construction and large areas of white panels bears a
strong resemblance to modern apartment buildings in the West,
perhaps due to Correa's western education.
• However, the garden terraces of the Kanchanjunga Apartments
are actually a modern interpretation of a feature of the traditional
Indian bungalow: the veranda.
• In Mumbai, a building has to be oriented east-west to catch
prevailing sea breezes and to open up the best views of the city.
• Unfortunately, these are also the directions of the hot sun and the
heavy monsoon rains.
• The old bungalows solved these problems by wrapping a protective
layer of verandas around the main living areas, thus providing the
occupants with two lines of defense against the elements.
• Correa pushed his capacity for ingenious cellular planning to the
limit, as is evident from the interlock of four different apartment
typologies varying from 3 to 6 bedrooms each.
• Smaller displacements of level were critical in this work in that they
differentiated between the external earth filled terraces and the
internal elevated living volumes.
• These subtle shifts enable Correa to effectively shield these high rise
units from the effects of both the sun and monsoon rains.
• This was largely achieved by providing the tower with relatively
deep, garden verandas, suspended in the air.