International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296

Extraction, Isolation and Evaluation of Pitera from

Fermented Rice water and its Incorporation as
Active in Bi-phasic Makeup Removal
Shwetal Khadge1, Dr. Nibha Bajpai2
Post Graduate Department of Cosmetic Technology, L.A.D. and Smt R.P College for Women, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, MS, India - 440013

Abstract: Rice is one of the major cereals and essential food for Indian population. It is also Asian’s best beauty secret. I t is rich in
minerals and vitamins that make it fantastic for both skin and hair. Rice water has many properties of cosmetic value, it’s e ffects are
further enhanced , if left to ferment. Fermented rice water is a rice water that is left to ferment and ha s gone slightly sour. It is rich in
antioxidants, minerals, B vitamins, vitamin E, and traces of Pitera, a substance produced during the fermentation process. It is also
known as Saccharomycopsis Ferment Filtrate, a natural by-product of yeast fermentation containing amino acids, minerals, vitamins &
organic acids. The objective of present study is to explore the properties of fermented active in skin care since, researches regarding
fermented active is not overly abundant. Furthermore, fermentation process helps to preserve the product’s shelf life with anti-microbial
property and also increase the nutrient density, making the product’s natural ingredients more powerful. In the present study , rice water
was fermented and evaluated for the presence of Pitera and incorporated as an active in Bi-phasic Makeup Removal. The product was
evaluated for its cleansing and moisturizing properties.

Keywords: Antioxidants, Saccharomycopsis ferment filtrate, Minerals, Vitamins, Antibacterial

1. Introduction Geographical Sources

Today, the majority of all rice produced comes from China,
India is an important centre for rice cultivation and India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar,
consumption. India stands in second position after China in Pakistan, Philippines, Korea and Japan. Asian farmers still
the production of rice. This is also staple food of the people account for 87% of the world's total rice production. [5]
living in the eastern and the southern part of the country,
especially in Asia. Fermented foods share an integral part of Benefits of Fermented Rice Water
age-old from ancient Indian civilization. Rice based The Yao ethnic women from the village of Huangluo in
fermented foods with different tastes and textures are China is a testament to the tradition of using Rice Water.
prepared by rural women following village art technique Female rice farmers in China, Japan, and other Southeast
since years. [6] Asian countries used to bathe and wash in the water used for
cleaning rice. With their average hair length of about 6 feet,
It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest these women made it to the Guinness Book of World
worldwide production. Rice grain is rich in nutrients, Records as the “world‟s longest hair village”. These women
vitamins, and minerals and is the staple food for more than 3 do not have grey hair till the late 80s. The Yao women
billion people. [1] believe that the fermented rice water, which they use to
cleanse their hair, is what helps to keep their hair long, dark
Rice is grown across the world, and there are many varieties and clean. Rice water enables these women to de-tangle and
of rice and different ways of cultivating them. However, all manage their long hair. It is used for centuries to attain
rice plants share common features and go through three crystal clear skin and shiny hair by women. [6]
main stages of growth – vegetative, reproductive, and
ripening – before the seed can be harvested. [2] Rice water is a milky liquid left after washing rice which can
be used for taking care of skin and hair. When the rice is
Biological Source cooked in water, due to high-temperature rice releases some
Rice, is the seed of grass species that belongs to the genus of its starch in that water, the colour and turbidity of a
Oryza. The two species are Oryza sativa (Asian rice) and medium is conditioned by rice starch. Rice water also has
Oryza glaberrima (African rice). The Oryza sativa is the many skin benefits. Due to its cooling and soothing effects
most commonly grown species throughout the world while on skin. Rice water also has moisturising, antioxidant, and
Oryza glaberrima is grown only in South Africa. [3] healing properties.5 All these help to improve circulation,
prevent or fade age-related spots, and ease inflammation to
Taxonomical Classification [4]: give you soft, smooth and radiant skin. As long as it‟s left on
Kingdom Plantae the skin, rice water is even believed to offer mild protection
Clade Angiosperms from the sun. [9]
Clade Monocots
Clade Commelinids The effects of rice water are further enhanced, if it is
Order Poales fermented. Fermented rice water is rice water that is left to
Family Gramineae ferment and has gone slightly sour. It is rich in antioxidants,
Genus Oryza minerals, B vitamins, vitamin E, and traces of Pitera, a
Species O. Sativa
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Paper ID: ART20183820 DOI: 10.21275/ART20183820 650
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296
substance produced during the fermentation process which is Drying of extract
by-product of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera yeast. Fermented The fermented water was dried by storing at 4⁰c in
rice water can be use as a face cleanser, skin toner and to refrigerator, the dried powder extract obtained was stored in
condition hair. The nutrients in the fermented rice water are a glass container. [11]
believed to shrink pores, reduce fine lines, and tighten and
brighten skin – this is a perfect recipe to look radiant and Phytochemical analysis of the Powdered Extract
youthful. It also contains phenolic and flavonoid Phytochemical studies were conducted qualitatively to
compounds, which can minimize free radical damage from identify the presence of bioactive chemical constituents like
environmental factors. [9] alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins,
proteins. [12, 13]
Plain rice water‟s pH is higher than skin‟s pH i.e. 5.5.
Fermentation brings down the pH levels of the rice water to Identification of the Sacchromycopsis Fibuligera Yeast in
that of skin and helps close the pores thereby protecting the Dried Extract [14]
skin. Fermented rice water has acidic pH which is same as  Sterlization of glasswares and media was done in
that of the skin. [10] autoclave.
 1% conc of extract was cultured on saboured dextrose
2. Material and Methods agar plate and incubated at 30⁰c for 2days.
 A drop of lacto phenol cotton blue stain was placed on a
Collection and Authentication of Rice clean slide.
 Some culture was removed from modified SDA plate and
Collection: The rice grains (HMT species ) were collected mixed with the drop of stain. The slide was heated slightly
from local market at Nagpur. The Collected sample of rice using spirit lamp.
was washed twice with tap water to remove any dirt or  The cover slip was placed and observed under high dry
impurities and then dried. objective lens.
 The Presence of yeast was identified by its characteristic
Authentication: These Rice grains were taken to the Botany features.
Department of Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj, Nagpur
University, Nagpur for its authentication. Product Formulation
The Authentication number of Rice Grains is 10127 Biphasic Makeup Removal [15]
This is a two-phase, or Biphasic Make-up Remover – it‟s
made up of two separate oil and water – based layers. When
the bottle is shaked, the layers mix to create a product that
easily removes all make-up, including stubborn waterproof
mascara. This remover is super – gentle on the skin.

The water phase helps to soften and soothe the skin, while
the upper phase contains highly purified oils to help
eliminate all traces of make-up.

The idea of applying oil can seem daunting, especially for

those with grease - prone skin, but this leaves little to no
residue.
It‟s also a great option for anyone with sensitive eyes and
skin.

Formulation and Development

Plate 1: Authentication of Rice Grains
Selection of Base
Method of extraction Biphasic Makeup Removal was selected as a base for the
The washed rice was placed in a bowl and covered with product because it contains less amount of chemicals and
water. The rice was boiled for about 15 to 30 minutes. maximum oils were obtained from natural source making it
Swirled it around or lightly kneaded it until the water turned more natural. It also increases the aesthetic appeal of the
cloudy. The water was collected in the container. After product.
collecting rice water in a container, it was left in warm place
for 3 days until it turned slightly sour indicating that it has Procedure of Preparation of Solution of Dried Powder
started to ferment. pH of the water was taken to compare it Extract of Pitera
with skin‟s pH (5.5) which indicated that rice water was For making 1% concentration of solution of dried powdered
fermented as required. It was kept in refrigerator for 2 hours extract, 1gm of extract has to be dissolved in 100 ml hot
to let it cool to stop further fermentation process and stored distilled water [12], for experimentation 0.582 gm was
in a glass container. [11] dissolved in 58.2 ml of hot distlled water.

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ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296
For making 2% concentration of solution of dried powdered 9 Sodium Benzoate 0.02 0.02 0.02
extract, 2gm of extract has to be dissolved in 100ml of hot 10 Blue color 0.015 0.015 0.015
distilled water [12], for experimentation 1.164 gm was 11 Perfume 1.5 1.5 1.5
dissolved in 58.2 ml of hot distilled water. 12 Water 58.2 58.2 58.2

Similarly, for 3% concentration of solution of dried Physical properties of Bi-phasic Make-up Removal
powdered extract, 1.746 gm was dissolved in 58.2 ml of hot
distilled water. After formulating the product its physical properties were
noted down.
Procedure for Formulating the Product
1) All the apparatus required were washed and dried. Observation 1% 2% 3%
2) In 3 different beakers, all the oil phase ingredients were Color Blue and yellow Blue and yellow Blue and yellow
measured and antioxidant, Butylated Hydroxyl Toluene Fragrance Pleasant Pleasant Pleasant
was added. Appearance Bi-phasic Bi-phasic Bi-phasic
3) In another beaker, solutions of different concentrations of Consistency Flow able Flow able Flowable
Irritancy None None None
active were taken.
pH 7.3 7.2 7.3
4) To these solutions sodium benzoate was added as a
preservative and synthetic blue color for asethetic appeal.
Accelerated Stability Test for Bi-phasic Makeup
5) The oil phases were poured in water phase beakers of
Removal Products
different concentrations and perfume was added .
The most important consideration with respect to cosmetic
6) The formulated product was filled in the spray container
formulation is the stability of the finished products.
and labelled.
The following stability parameters were studied for the
Table 1: Trials Formulation of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal product.
Sr. Trails 100% 1) Color
Ingredients 2) Fragrance
no F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
1 Mineral oil 16 15 14 12 11 3) pH
2 Sunflower oil 8 8 8 8 8 4) Viscosity
3 Olive oil 7 7 6 6 6
4 Almond oil 5 5 5 5 5 All the samples of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal were
5 Neem oil 6 6 6 5 4 subjected to accelerated test conditions and stability study
6 Silicone oil 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 was performed.
Solution of dried powder
7 51.2 51.2 54.2 58.2 58.2
of fermented rice water Room temperature -30 ± 2°C
8 BHT 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Oven- 45 ± 2°C
9 Sodium Benzoate 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Fridge- 4 ± 2°C
10 Color ( Synthetic Blue) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.015 0.015 *For Further studies 2% and 3% concentration of Bi-
11 Perfume 2 2 1.0 1.5 2
phasic Makeup Removal were selected

3. Observations of Trials Determination of Total Microbial Count of 2% and 3%

concentration of the Product
*The ratio of oil: water 58.2: 32.8 was selected as final
ratio for formulating the Bi-phasic Makeup Removal. 4. Procedure
F1 - Mineral oil : 16%, Active :51.2%, Neem oil : 6, Color :
0.01g, Perfume : 2ml Sterilization of Apparatus: -All the apparatus were
F2 - Mineral oil : 15%, Active :51.2%, Neem oil :6, Color : cleaned, dried and sterilized. The sterilization was done by
0.01g, Perfume : 2ml wrapping the apparatus in the paper. The autoclaving is done
F3 - Mineral oil : 14%, Active :54.2%, Neem oil : 6, Color : in a hot air oven at 150 „C for 1 hour. [16]
0.02g, Perfume : 1ml
F4 - Mineral oil : 12%, Active :58.2%, Neem oil : 5, Color : Preparation of Media:
0.015g, Perfume : 1ml 1) 65.0 g SDA was dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water.
F5 - Mineral oil : 11%, Active :58.2%, Neem oil : 4, Color : Similarly, 40g of SCDA was dissolved in 1000ml of
0.015g, Perfume : 1.5ml distilled water
2) It was kept for 20 minutes for proper dissolution of agar
Table 2: Final Formulation of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal by heating on the water bath.
Sr. no. Ingredients For 100% 3) The media was transferred into clean conical flask after
1 Mineral oil 11 11 11 dissolution with tight fitting cotton plug.
2 Sunflower oil 8 8 8 4) It was sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C and lbs.
3 Olive oil 6 6 6 pressure for 20 minutes. [16]
4 Almond oil 5 5 5
5 Neem oil 4 4 4 Method
6 Silicone oil 6.8 6.8 6.8
1) 1ml of product and 9ml of peptone water was weighed. It
7 Concentration of Powdered Extract 1% 2% 3%
8 BHT 0.02 0.02 0.02
was transferred in sterile test tube.

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2) Similarly, 1:100(10 -2), 1:1000(10-3) dilutions was Interpretation of Results [19]:
prepared from the above samples using same diluents. The following table is valid for healthy skin at normal room
3) 1ml of each dilution was aseptically transferred in condition 30⁰ and 40% air humidity.
petridish using sterile pipette for SCDA and SDA
media.* Table 3: Interpretation of Results
4) The media was quickly poured into the petridishes to Type Inner Forearm
avoid solidification of the medium or formation of lumps Very Dry ˂30
because of rapid drop in temperature.* Dry 30-45
5) The medium was allowed to solidify and petridishes Sufficiently Moisturized ˃45
were incubated in an inverted position at 33 ± 2⁰C for
48hrs for bacteria and 28 ± 2⁰C for 3to 5 days for fungi Moisture Measurement
and yeast. [16] 1) 4 subjects were selected for this test, the volar forearm of
* Procedure modified as required subjects were cleaned and dried.
2) 2×2 cm 5blocks were drawn on the hands of subjects for
Evaluation of Moisturizing Effect of Bi-phasic Makeup blank, base, 1%, 2% and 3 % concentration of bi-phasic
Removal using Corneometer make-up removal.
3) The probe head was placed vertically on the skin surface
This was performed to check the moisturizing effect of on the marked sites with little pressure for one second
formulated product i.e. Biphasic Makeup Removal with and reading was noted displaced by Corneometer as a
active on skin. For this method the instrument used was blank.
Corneometer. [18] 4) Similarly the readings were taken for the reference, 1%,
2% and 3% sample at 0 minutes, after 30 minutes and 60
The measurement of skin moisture is based on Corneometer minutes.
also known as Capacitance method. In vivo analysis was 5) The average was taken for all subjects after every
carried out on 4 subjects. In practice, the use of interval and graph was plotted.
Corneometer, is the technique, which measures Corneum
hydration before and after application of a cosmetic. It is
used in industries as it is one of the easy and most effective
as well as reliable method. [18]

Plate 3: Moisture Measurement using Corneometer on

Volar Forearm of Subject

Table 4: Study of Skin Moisturizing Property of Bi-phasic

Makeup Removal
Subjects Concentration Time
0 min 30 mins 60 mins
Subject-1 Blank 32.2 37.3 38.5
Base 49.5 32.9 33
Plate 2: Corneometer 1% 51.2 38.3 32.9
2% 55.5 35.3 38.5
Principle of Corneometer: The measuring principle of 3% 48.6 34.8 39.8
Corneometer is based on capacitance measurement of a Subject-2 Blank 42.1 36.7 32.4
Base 39 38.8 48.2
dielectric medium. Any change in the dielectric constant due
1% 44.3 46.9 56.6
to skin surface hydration variation alters the capacitance of a
2% 53.3 48 51.3
precision measuring capacitor. [17]
3% 34.8 41.1 49.3
Subject-3 Blank 48.7 40.5 41.8
The dielectric constant of a material is a number that reflects Base 48.8 42.1 46.2
the electrical properties of a material by its level of 1% 48.4 43 43.9
hydration, the greater the water content, greater the dielectric 2% 51.5 45.2 41.8
constant. [17] 3% 48.3 40.4 41.3
Subject-4 Blank 42.8 37.3 34.9
Corneometer consist of a probe which is used to measure the Base 44.9 41.8 34.6
dielectric constant of the skin. [17] 1% 52.2 47.4 41.9
2% 63.7 51.6 43.7
3% 65.2 43.4 40.5

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ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
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Subjective Evaluation Identification of Saccharomycopsis Febuligera Yeast
Subjective evaluation was carried on 10 different subjects of The microbial study done to identify the presence of
different age group, skin type. For Practicle purpose subjects Sacchromycopsis Ferment Yeast by culturing the 1%
were given numbers like S1, S2, S3, S4 etc. concentration of extract on Saboured dextrose agar plate and
incubating at 30⁰ C for 2 days and then mixing some culture
Procedure: with lactophenol cotton blue stain and observing under high
Directions to use the product: objective lens( 10x). [20]
1) 10 subjects were selected for this test, the volar forearm
of subjects were cleaned and pat dried. The presence of Saccharomycopsis Ferment Yeast was
2) 2×2 cm 4 blocks were drawn on the hands of subjects for identified by observing its characteristic features. The
base, 1%, 2% and 3 % concentration of bi-phasic make- culture creates budding yeasts cells, which are short oval or
up removal and different makeup products i.e. liner, eye- oval long branched. The yeast cell range from 5 to 8 µm in
shadow, foundation and lipstick was applied. diameter. [21, 22]
3) Tthe cotton wipes were kept on the patches to let cotton
absorb the product.
4) The makeup was wiped-off with cotton wipe.

5. Results and Discussion

Extraction yield
The 500 gm of washed rice (HMT) was covered with 1000
ml water. The rice was boiled for about 15-30 minutes and
swirled. The 1000 ml of rice water was collected in the
container and left for fermentation. The fermented water was
freeze dried at 4⁰c. The powdered extract was weighed and
collected in the glass container.
Plate 5: Microscopic view of Saccharomycopsis Febuligera
Yeast
Table 5: Yield value of Fermented Rice Water
Yield of Accelerated Stability Study Results
Weight of Volume of Volume of Yield
Powdered The following changes in Stability Parameters were
rice used water taken extract obtained (%)
extract(g)
observed:-
500gm 1000ml 700ml 8.9gm 1.27%
Color Change: Appearance of color of the product was
Phytochemical Analysis [13] observed visually with naked eye. The samples were kept at
different temperature changes i.e. room temperature, oven
Table 6: Qualitative Analysis of Phytochemical
and fridge the change in color if any was noted down.
Constituents
Group of phytochemicals Test Results
Alkaloids Mayer‟s test ++
No color change was observed in finished product of 1, 2,
Flavonoids Alkaline reagent test ++
3% concentration kept at different temperatures.
Phenols Phenol test -
Glycosides Keller Kiliani test ++ Fragrance Change: Change in its fragrance was observed
Proteins Biuret test ++
by smelling the products kept at different temperature
Tannins Ferric chloride test - conditions and any change was noted down.
Steroids Salkowski test -
pH Change: pH changes were determined using pH meter
The Phytochemical studies were conducted based on of all the samples kept at different temperature conditions
qualitative analysis to identify the presence of bioactive and changes were noted down. Slight change in pH was
chemical constituents. From the observation table, we can observed which ranged from 6.6 to 7.4 in finished product of
say that alkaloids, flavonoids, Glycosides and proteins were 1, 2, 3% concentration kept at different temperatures.
present where phenols, tannins and steroids were absent.
Viscosity Change: Change in the viscosity at different
temperatures of all the samples was observed by using
brook-field Viscometer and changes were noted.

No viscosity change was observed in finished product of 1,

2, 3% concentration kept at different temperatures.

Total Microbial Count of 2%and 3% Concentration of

Product
Counted the number of colonies in the plates, multiplied by
the dilution factor to obtain the number of bacteria and fungi
Plate 4: Phytochemical Analysis of Fermented Rice water

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in each sample which is expressed as cfu /g or/ml of the
sample. [16] Total Microbial Count = bacterial count + fungal count
= cfu/g or/ml
Total microbial count was obtained by adding the bacterial
count and fungal count. Microbial limits for cosmetic Colony counting was done for 3 rd dilution since in 1 st and 2 nd
finished product as recommended by CTFA/BIS guideline is dilution colonies were merged.
1000 (103 ) Max. [16]
Observation Table of TMC of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal
Calculation: Concentration Bacterial Count Fungal Count Total Microbial
of Product (SCDA) (SDA) Count (TMC)
cfu/g/ml
Formula to Calculate TMC [16] -
2% 7000 3000 10000
1) Bacterial Count = No. of bacterial count × Dilution 3% 3000 1000 4000
factor
2) Fungal Count = No. of fungal count × Dilution factor
For 2% biphasic make-up removal

*BMR- Bi-phasic Makeup Removal

3% concentration of product showed 1 colony in SDA plate
2% concentration of product showed 3 colonies in SDA with total fungal count 1000 whereas showing 3 colonies in
plate with total fungal count 3000 whereas 7 colonies in SCDA plate with total bacterial count 3000.
SCDA plate with total bacterial count 7000.
Evaluation of Moisture measurement using Corneometer

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Graph 1: Study of Skin Moisturizing Property of 1,2 and 3% Bi-phasic Makeup Removal using Corneometer

6. Result Interpretation 3) After 1 hour application of the product the skin

moisturization for 2%Product was 43.82 which was same
1) From the graph 1 it can be stated that the increase in skin as 1%Product but was greater than 3% Product 42.72
moisturization for 2% Product was 56 greater than 1% when compared to control.
and 3%conc which were 45.55 and 49.22 when
compared to control at 0 minute. Subjective Evaluation
2) After 30 minute interval the skin moisturization in 2%
Product was 45.02 which was greater than 1% and The products were evaluated for the following parameters
3%Product when compared with control. and the results are summarized in the following table

Table 7: Subjective evaluation of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal

No of subjects
Sr.no Parameters
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 Av
1 Color ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
2 Fragrance ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++
3 Irritancy ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * ** ** **
4 Tackiness ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
5 Cleansing Action ++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
6 Moisturizing power ++ +++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
7 Ideal concentration 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2, 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Abbreviations : Excellent (+++), Very Good (++), Good (+), Irritncy(*), Non-Irritancy (**), Tackiness(^^), NonTackiness (^), Poor (#),
Very Bad (##), Av (average)

Plate 10: Before application of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal

Plate 11: After Application of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal

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7. Conclusion 1) To isolate the active constituents and elucidate
antimicrobial property from different species of rice
The Phytochemical studies were conducted based on 2) Comparison of actives present in rice grains to evaluate
qualitative analysis, the phytochemical screening properties of cosmetic value and their antimicrobial
demonstrated the presence of different types of activity.
phytochemical constituents in fermented rice water extract 3) Supports to evaluate other skin and hair care properties
including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids which like anti-ageing, closing pores, tightening skin, softening
would be responsible for the biological activity and the skin, maintaining healthy and shiny hair etc. present in
presence of Sacchromycopsis ferment filtrate (Pitera), the Fermented Rice water. [10]
active ingredient which enhances the benefits of the rice 4) Since it has many skin & hair care benefits, it can be
water. incorporated as active in variety of products like
shampoos, serums, facial and hair oils, anti ageing
Microbial evaluation was done to identify the presence of products etc.
Pitera which is by-product of Saccharomycopsis Febuligera
yeast, & its characteristic feature was identified and References
confirmed using microscope.
[1] http://ricepedia.org/rice-as-a-plant
Total five formulations were prepared, to formulate [2] http://www.globalfood.co.in/history-of-rice.html
optimized Bi-phasic Makeup Removal. As mentioned in [3] NPCS board of consultants and engineers; Handbook on
formulation and development table the ratio 58.2 to 41.8 of Rice Cultivation and Processing; NIIR project
oil/water was selected as final ratio for the product on the consultancy services; 2007; 8
trial basis. [4] NPCS board of consultants and engineers; Handbook on
Rice Cultivation and Processing; NIIR project
Accelerated stability test was performed on all the consultancy services; 2007; 10
concentrations of Bi-Phasic Makeup removal i.e. 1%, 2% [5] http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/botanical-
and 3%. All the concentrations of product was found to be classification-rice
stable with respect to its color, fragrance, viscosity and pH. [6] http://www.naturaloilsforhair.net/2017/07/fermented-
Total Microbial Count of 2% and 3% concentration of Bi- rice-water-for-stronger-hair-beautiful-skin.html
phasic Makeup Removal was performed, It was observed [7] Karthikeyan, C and K A Ponnusamy; Advances in Rice
that the products of both the concentration were not within Cultivation: A complete guide on Rice; Daya
the microbial limits as recommended by CTFA/BIS Publishing House; 2017; 16 - 17
guidelines. [8] Karthikeyan, C and K A Ponnusamy; Advances in Rice
Cultivation: A complete guide on rice; Daya Publishing
Since, many makeup removal products wipes-out the House; 2017; 19
natural moisture from the layers of the skin making the skin [9] https://www.davidwolfe.com/fermented-rice-water-hair-
dry and therefore, skin hydration test was performed for all skin/
concentration of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal, by using [10] www.hairbuddha.net/rice-water-for-gorgeous-hair-and-
sophisticated instrument i.e. Corneometer. It was observed flawless-skin/
that the product containing 2% extract gave more skin [11] https://www.top10homeremedies.com/
hydration property as compared to 1%, 3% and base. [12] Dr. Mukherjee p. Phd ; Quality Control of Herbal
Drugs; Business Horizon Pharmaceutical Publisher;
Subjective evaluation was also performed using all the 414- 418
concentrations of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal and the [13] Agrawal S.S; Herbal Drug Technology; Paridhani M
parameters such as color, odor, irritancy, tackiness, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.; II Edition; 3-6-77,
cleansing action, moisturizing action and ideal concentration 11A & 3-6-754, Himalyat Nagar, Hyderabad; 2015; 98-
of Bi-phasic Makeup Removal was evaluated, the results 120
found were satisfactory [14] Meghre, Kulkarni; Practical Cosmetic Microbiology;
Nirali Publication; 38- 39
After conducting all the tests and interpreting the results it [15] https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/fashion-
was found that 2% Bi-phasic makeup removal was giving beauty/best-makeup-remover-cleanser-for-acne-prone-
better cleansing action and also moisturizing . Thus this skin-waterproof-mascara-sensitive-a7218581.html
concentration was selected as a final concentration. [16] Meghre, Kulkarni; Practical Cosmetic Microbiology ;
Nirali Piblication; 90-92
Since, Fermented Rice Water has many benefits and also the [17] http://www.maedica.ro/articles/2014/1/2014_Vol9(12)_
results obtained for cleansing and moisturizing property No1_pg33-38.pdf
were satisfactory, we can conclude that it can be used in [18] http://www.dproscientific.com/download/CM825.pdf
variety of products as active for its cosmetic value making it [19] http://www.iproweb.fr/test/0%20%20MATOS%20GUI
Asia‟s best beauty secret. LLAUME/COURAGE%20+%20KHAZAKA%20-
%20CORNEOMETER%20CM825/MANUAL.pdf
8. Future Scope [20] Chakre, D . S., Patil, P. L. and Patil; A study on Bread
Spoilage and its Control; Journal of Maharashtra
This study supports further research: agriculture University 9(1); 81-83, B.C. 1984

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Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296
[21] Djien, K. S.; Tape Fermentation, Applied Microbiology;
1972; 976-978
[22] Fellow, P. J., and Worgan, J.T.; Growth of
Saccaromycopsis febuligera and Candida utilis in
Mixed Culture on Apple Processing Wastes, Enzyme
Microbial Technology; 1987; 434- 437

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Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20183820 DOI: 10.21275/ART20183820 658