Ahamd Irtisam 5

EEE222 – ECA-II
Lab # 05
To study and calculate the Active, Reactive, Apparent power, and
as well as the correction of power factor using LT spice software
tool.
Name Ahmad Irtisam
Registration Number 003
Class FA19-BCE-A
Instructor’s Name Sarmad Hassan

OBJECTIVES:
 To compute the basic factors for the AC power analyses using LT spice.
 To find out the values of active, reactive, and apparent power using the circuitry
formulas.
 To scrutinize the limitations for figuring out the power factor and its correction using
LTspice.
INTRODUCTION:
Power: Electrical Power is the rate of doing electrical work by transferring the electrical charge from
one point to the other within the circuit.
Real Power or Active Power: The power dissipated in the Resistor is the Active Power. It is also called
Real Power: This power is unidirectional (Source to Load). It does not flow back to the circuit. In AC,
the time averaging of instantaneous power is done over a complete cycle. It is usually denoted by (.). It is
measured In Watts.
Reactive Power: The Power dissipated in the Inductance or Capacitance is known as the Reactive
Power.
This power is bidirectional (Source to Load to Source) It moves back and forth. It is usually denoted by
(.). It is measured in VAR.
Complex Power:
The Phasor sum of the Active and Reactive Power is the Complex Power. Its magnitude is known as the
apparent power. It is usually denoted by (.). It is a Phasor quantity so we need to evaluate its magnitude
and phase. It is measured in VA.
In-LAB TASKS:
Task 1: Simulation a simple series RL circuit
i. Task Statement:
In this task we must design a simple series RL circuit then after simulation measure all
the types of power as well as power factor and first without inserting the capacitor and
then second time after putting the capacitor in the circuit. After inserting capacitor make
power factor correction.
ii. Circuit 1 without capacitor:
Figure 1.0 simple circuit diagram of a series RL circuit without capacitor.
iii. Circuit 1 with capacitor:
Figure 1.1 circuit 2 with capacitor.

iv. Readings (Measurement Table):
Table 1.0 lab 5 task 1 table.
Parameters Units Without Capacitor With

Capacitor
|𝑉| V 3.55 4.44
|𝐼| mA 55.1 10.96
𝜃𝑣−𝜃𝑖 o 77.09 15.10
Pf - 0.225 0.970
P W 0.044 0.0470
Q VAR 0.1906 0.0127
S VA 0.1956 0.0487
v. Results / Figures
Without capacitor graph is:
Figure 1.2 simulation graph without Capacitor.

With capacitor graph is:
Figure 1.3 simulation graph with capacitor.
vi. Discussion of the results:
From these results we conclude that in a simple series RL circuit when we apply the
inductive load then the value of the power factor calculated using software as well as
manually is very low, so in order to successfully make power correction and maintain power
unit we calculated the value of capacitor C and then connected it in parallel to the inductive
load and by this we saw that value of power factor approached to 1.
CONCLUSION:
 In this task I was able to know what the types of power are and what is power factor.
 I was able to know how to rectify the value of power factor to make it 1.
 I was able to prove the effectiveness of adding a capacitor to the inductive load both
through measurements and as well as by calculating manually.
 I was able to find out the respected values of active, reactive and apparent power
through the formulas given in the manual.
 I was able to learn how to increase the efficiency and power of a circuit through
different techniques and methods other than inserting the capacitor.
POST LAB:
Expressing our ideas:
I. On the basic understanding of this lab, discuss various methods of power factor
improvement.
Ans:
 Phasor advancer:
Phasor advancer is a simple ac exciter motor which improves the power factor by providing an
external AC source to excite the already excited ampere-turns so that there is no effect of
exciting current on stator windings of the induction motor as take lagging current 90 degrees out
of phase with voltage.
 Inserting capacitors:
Adding capacitors in parallel increases the overall efficiency of the inductor load as it increases
the power factor of the machines which operate on lower power factor and decreases the
reactive power and they do this providing a leading current to the leading machineries which
purge the lagging current present in the inductive load module.
II. After doing in lab tasks, elaborate the effect of adding a capacitor in parallel to inductive
load.
Ans:
When a capacitor is added in parallel then it gives some of its energy to the load circuit and it
resists the changes in the current till the setting of the magnetic field around the load circuit and
after this all the power of the capacitor is regenerated back by the load circuit and this increases
the power factor to unity (1) but decreases the value of the reactive power Q of the inductive
part in the process.
III. In RL series circuit, 𝑉=480𝑉, 𝑅=1Ω, 𝐿=1𝑚𝐻. Determine leading reactive power that is
required to get unity power factor. Also compute current power factor.
Ans:
Circuit1 without capacitor:

Figure 2.0 simulation circuit 1 without capacitor.
Calculations:
Q = VI Sin θ
Where V = 480 V, I = 74.5 A, and θ = 79.6 Degrees
So, Q = 35172.5 VAR
P=VI Cos θ
P = 6455.4 W
S = (P 2 + Q 2)1/2
S = 35759.99 VA
P.F =P / S
P.F = 0.181
C = Q/( 2 π f V 2) and f = 1000 hertz, V 2 = 480 2
C = 2.43*10-5 A
Graph 1 without capacitor:
Figure 2.1 simulation graph without capacitor.
Circuit 2 with capacitor:
Figure 2.2 simulation circuit 2 with capacitor.
Graph 2 with capacitor:

Figure 2.3 simulation graph 2 with capacitor.
The end.

Ahamd Irtisam 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ahamd Irtisam 5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ahamd Irtisam 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EEE222 – ECA-II

Name Ahmad Irtisam

Registration Number 003

Instructor’s Name Sarmad Hassan

Task 1: Simulation a simple series RL circuit

Figure 1.0 simple circuit diagram of a series RL circuit without capacitor.

iii. Circuit 1 with capacitor:

Figure 1.1 circuit 2 with capacitor.

Table 1.0 lab 5 task 1 table.

Parameters Units Without Capacitor With

𝜃𝑣−𝜃𝑖 o 77.09 15.10

Without capacitor graph is:

Figure 1.2 simulation graph without Capacitor.

vi. Discussion of the results:

Circuit1 without capacitor:

Where V = 480 V, I = 74.5 A, and θ = 79.6 Degrees

So, Q = 35172.5 VAR

C = Q/( 2 π f V 2) and f = 1000 hertz, V 2 = 480 2

Figure 2.1 simulation graph without capacitor.

Circuit 2 with capacitor:

Figure 2.2 simulation circuit 2 with capacitor.

Graph 2 with capacitor:

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.