Thyroid

GENKOMAX SCIENCES PVT.
LTD
THAYOFLO
12.5,25,50,62.5,75,88,100,125,150 mcg Thyroxine Tabs
About Thyroxine
 Thyroxine is the primary hormone which is
secreted by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine
plays an important role in controlling body
metabolism and regulates the functions of
the heart and the digestive tract. It also
keeps the bones strong, helps in
development of the brain and controls
muscle growth.
What is hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism occurs when your body doesn’t

produce enough thyroid hormones. The thyroid
is a small, butterfly-shaped gland that sits at the
front of your neck. It releases hormones to help
your body regulate and use energy. It is also
related to autoimmune disease known as
Hashimoto’s diseases. Autoimmune disease is
when the body begins attacking itself, which
results in the destruction of tissue.
Signs and symptoms of
hypothyroidism.
1- Fatigue
2-Depression
3-Constipation
4-Dry skin
5-Weight gain
6-Muscle weakness
7-Pain and stiffness in your joints

Pharmacodynamic Properties
Levothyroxine (T4) is a naturally occurring hormone produced
by the thyroid gland and converted to the more active
hormone triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues. The
thyroid hormones are required for normal growth and
development, particularly of the nervous system. They
increase the resting or basal metabolic rate of the whole
organism and have stimulatory effects on the heart, skeletal
muscle, liver and kidney. Thyroid hormones enhance lipolysis
and the utilization of carbohydrate.
Mode of action
Levothyroxine (T4) is a synthetic form of thyroxine, which is
converted to active metabolite L-triiodothyronine (T3). T3
and T4 bind to thyroid receptor proteins & exert metabolic
effects through control of DNA transcription and protein
synthesis. It promotes gluconeogenesis, increases utilization
and mobilization of glycogen stores, stimulates protein
synthesis, and increases basal metabolic rate.
 Pharmacokinetic Properties
Absorption and Distribution:-
Following oral administration the absorption of
levothyroxine is incomplete and variable especially
when taken with food. The amount absorbed increases
during fasting conditions. Levothyroxine is nearly totally
bound to serum protein.
 Metabolism and Elimination:-
The main pathway for the metabolism of levothyroxine (T4) is its
conversion, by deiodination, to the active metabolite
triiodothyronine (T3). Further deiodination of T4 and T3 leads to
production of inactive products.
Levothyroxine is eliminated slowly from the body with a half-life of
approximately 7 days in a normal person. This may be reduced in
hyperthyroid states or increased in hypothyroid patients. Renal or
hepatic disease do not appear to have any significant effect on the
disposition of levothyroxine. In man approximately 20-40% of
levothyroxine is eliminated in the faeces and approximately 30-
55% of a dose of levothyroxine is excreted in the urine.
 Dosage and Administration
If the dose of thyroxine is increased too rapidly, symptoms
such as diarrhoea, nervousness, rapid pulse, insomnia,
tremors and sometimes angina pain where there is latent
myocardial ischaemia may occur, and the dosage must be
reduced or withheld for a day or two, then restarted at a
lower level. Thayoflo tablets should be swallowed whole,
and taken with a full glass of water. Thayoflo tablets should
not be split. Thyroxine tablets should preferably be taken
on an empty stomach. Missed dosage – If a scheduled
daily dose is missed, the dose should be taken as soon as
the patient remembers, unless it is almost time for the
patient’s next dose. Two doses should not be taken
together.
Use in adults:-
Initially 50 to 100 micrograms daily and adjusted at four
or six week intervals by 50 micrograms until attainment
of clinical and biochemical euthyroidism. This may
require doses of 100 to 150 micrograms daily. With
patients aged over 50 years, it is not advisable to exceed
50 micrograms a day initially. Where there is cardiac
disease 25 micrograms, given as 50 micrograms on
alternate days, is more suitable. In this condition the
daily dosage may be slowly increased by 25 micrograms
increments (given as 50 micrograms on alternate days)
at intervals of perhaps four weeks.
Use in children:-
In congenital hypothyroidism and juvenile myxoedema, the largest
dose consistent with freedom from toxic effects should be given. The
dosage is guided by clinical response, growth assessment and
appropriate thyroid function tests - clinically normal pulse rate and
absence of diarrhoea or constipation are the most useful indicators.
Thyrotrophin levels may remain elevated during the first year of life in
children with neonatal hypothyroidism due to resetting of the
hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
For infants with congenital hypothyroidism a suitable starting dose is
25 micrograms levothyroxine sodium given as 50 micrograms every
other day is advisable. This may be slowly increased by increments of
25 micrograms (given as 50 micrograms on alternate days) every two
to four weeks until optimal response is achieved.
Warning and precautions:-
Thyroxine has a narrow therapeutic index. Appropriate
thyroxine dosage is based upon clinical assessment and
laboratory monitoring of thyroid function tests. During the
initial titration period, careful dosage titration and monitoring
is necessary to avoid the consequences of under- or over-
treatment.
Treatment with thyroxine in patients with panhypopituitarism
or other causes predisposing to adrenal insufficiency may
cause reactions including dizziness, weakness, malaise, weight
loss, hypotension and adrenal crisis. It is advisable to initiate
corticosteroid therapy before giving levothyroxine sodium in
these cases.
Use during Pregnancy and Lactation:-
Levothyroxine has been taken by a large number of pregnant
women and women of childbearing age without any form of
definite disturbances in the reproductive process having been
observed so far. Thyroid hypo- or hyperactivity in the mother
may, however, unfavourably influence the fetal outcome or
well-being.
Lactation:-
Levothyroxine is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations
and this may be sufficient to interfere with neonatal screening
for hypothroidism.
How is this thayoflo best taken
Use this medicine Thayoflo as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to
you. Follow all instructions closely.
1) Take on an empty stomach 30 minutes before breakfast.
2) Do not take iron products, antacids that have aluminum or magnesium, or calcium
carbonate, within 4 hours before or 4 hours after taking this medicine.
3) If you drink grapefruit juice or eat grapefruit often, talk with your doctor.
4) To gain the most benefit, do not miss doses.
5) Some other drugs may need to be taken at some other time than this medicine
(levothyroxine tablets). If you take other drugs, check with your doctor or pharmacist
to see if you need to take them.
 Adverse Effects:-
The following effects are indicative of excessive dosage and
usually disappear on reduction of dosage or withdrawal of
treatment for a few days.
1)Immune system disorders:-Hypersensitivity reactions

such as skin rash and pruritis.
2)Metabolism and nutrition disorders:- Increased appetite,

abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
3)Nervous system disorders:-Excitability, insomnia,
restlessness, headache, seizure, and psychotic depression.
4) Cardiac disorders:-Anginal pain, cardiac arrhythmias,

palpitations, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, heart
failure, myocardial infarction.
5) Respiratory disorders:- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
6)Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders:-Sweating, flushing,

hair loss.
 Overdose
Symptoms
In addition to exaggeration of side effects the following
symptoms may be seen: Agitation, confusion, irritability,
hyperactivity, headache, sweating, mydriasis, tachycardia,
arrhythmias, and increased bowel movements .
END OF SLIDE

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GENKOMAX SCIENCES PVT.

Hypothyroidism occurs when your body doesn’t

7-Pain and stiffness in your joints

1) Take on an empty stomach 30 minutes before breakfast.

4) To gain the most benefit, do not miss doses.

1)Immune system disorders:-Hypersensitivity reactions

2)Metabolism and nutrition disorders:- Increased appetite,

4) Cardiac disorders:-Anginal pain, cardiac arrhythmias,

5) Respiratory disorders:- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)

6)Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders:-Sweating, flushing,

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