TcpGPS

for Android
ver. 2.0 – 2020-09-30

www.aplitop.com
 TcpGPS for Android

Index
Index ........................................................................................................................ 2
Index of Figures ........................................................................................................ 6
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Installation ..........................................................................................................9
1.2 Demo license ..................................................................................................... 10
1.3 Full license ........................................................................................................ 11
1.4 Application data ................................................................................................ 11

2 Session wizard ................................................................................................ 12

2.1 GNSS receiver connection assistant screen ......................................................... 12
2.2 GNSS working mode assistant screen ................................................................. 13
2.3 Project assistant screen ..................................................................................... 13

3 GPS connection ............................................................................................... 15

3.1 Connection to the internal GPS .......................................................................... 16
3.2 Connection to an external GPS ........................................................................... 16
3.3 Configuration of the external receiver ................................................................ 17
3.3.1. Base configuration .................................................................................................................. 17
3.3.2. Rover configuration ................................................................................................................ 18

3.4 Static................................................................................................................. 19
3.5 Terminal............................................................................................................ 19
3.6 GPS status ......................................................................................................... 20

4 Preparation of the project ............................................................................... 22

4.1 Project options .................................................................................................. 22
4.2 Creation of a new project................................................................................... 23
4.3 Selection of coordinate system .......................................................................... 24

5 Workspace ...................................................................................................... 27
5.1 Map menu......................................................................................................... 28
5.2 Status toolbar .................................................................................................... 28

6 Configuring the workspace .............................................................................. 30

7 Local system ................................................................................................... 33
7.1 Apply a local system .......................................................................................... 35
7.2 Remove a local system....................................................................................... 36
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8 Layer management ......................................................................................... 37

8.1 Editing the Base Map layer ................................................................................ 39
8.2 Editing the shape layer ...................................................................................... 40
8.3 Edition of DXF, KML/KMZ, GML and DWG layers ................................................ 41
8.4.1. DXF .......................................................................................................................................... 42
8.4.2. DWG ........................................................................................................................................ 42
8.4.3. KML/KMZ ................................................................................................................................ 42
8.4.4. GML ......................................................................................................................................... 43

8.4 Edition of surface layers ..................................................................................... 43

8.5 Edition of WMS layers ....................................................................................... 44
8.6 Loading layer from cloud ................................................................................... 45

9 Survey............................................................................................................. 46
9.1 Map surveying screen ........................................................................................ 46
9.2 Numerical surveying screen ............................................................................... 47
9.3 Point survey ...................................................................................................... 48
9.4 Continuous survey ............................................................................................. 48
9.5 Point code management .................................................................................... 51
9.6 Observation time............................................................................................... 53
9.7 Distances........................................................................................................... 54
9.8 Survey tools ...................................................................................................... 55
9.9.1. Line-line intersection .............................................................................................................. 56
9.9.2. Line-circle intersection ............................................................................................................ 56
9.9.3. Circle-circle intersection ......................................................................................................... 57
9.9.4. Distance and azimuth.............................................................................................................. 58
9.9.5. Two points and distance ......................................................................................................... 59

10 Roads (Pro version) ......................................................................................... 61

10.1 Horizontal alignment display ............................................................................. 63
10.2 Vertical alignment display .................................................................................. 64
10.3 Cross sections display ........................................................................................ 65

11 Digital model (Professional version) ................................................................ 66

11.1 Import a digital model ....................................................................................... 66
11.2 Creation of a digital model ................................................................................. 67

12 Setting out ...................................................................................................... 69

12.1 Setting out modes ............................................................................................. 69
12.1.1. Setting out to the north ........................................................................................................ 69

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12.1.2. Setting out to the movement ............................................................................................... 70

12.1.3. Setting out to the last point .................................................................................................. 70
12.1.4. Setting out to the sun or shadow.......................................................................................... 71

12.2 Set out points .................................................................................................... 71

12.2.1. Map mode ............................................................................................................................. 71
12.2.2. Compass mode...................................................................................................................... 72
12.2.3. Target mode .......................................................................................................................... 74
12.2.4. Augmented Reality mode ..................................................................................................... 74
12.2.5. Changing the staking out mode ............................................................................................ 76
12.2.6. Staking out options ............................................................................................................... 76

12.3 Stake out lines ................................................................................................... 77

12.4 Set out polylines ................................................................................................ 78
12.5 Surface analysis ................................................................................................. 79
12.6 Roads stake out (PRO version) ........................................................................... 80
12.6.1. Stake out settings.................................................................................................................. 80
12.6.2. Stake out display ................................................................................................................... 82

12.7 Slope control (PRO version) ............................................................................... 83

12.7.1. Slope control configuration .................................................................................................. 83
12.7.2. Slope control display ............................................................................................................. 84

13 Working with the data .................................................................................... 86

13.1 Importing points ................................................................................................ 86
13.2 Exporting points ................................................................................................ 86
13.3 Exporting raw data ............................................................................................ 87
13.4 Export of digital models ..................................................................................... 88
13.5 Google drive data synchronization ..................................................................... 89
13.6 Project synchronization with Google Drive ......................................................... 89
13.7 Editing points list ............................................................................................... 91
13.5.1. Basic data .............................................................................................................................. 91
13.5.2. Raw data ............................................................................................................................... 91
13.5.3. Staking out data .................................................................................................................... 92
13.5.4. Options .................................................................................................................................. 93
13.5.5. Details of the points .............................................................................................................. 93

Appendix A. Transformations ................................................................................. 95

2D Displacements .......................................................................................................... 95
Helmert 2D .................................................................................................................... 95
3D Displacements .......................................................................................................... 96
Helmert 3D .................................................................................................................... 96

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Glossary ................................................................................................................. 98

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Index of Figures
Figure 1. License request ................................................................................................ 10
Figure 2. GNSS receiver connection assistant ................................................................ 12
Figure 3. GNSS receiver working mode assistant ........................................................... 12
Figure 4. Project configuration assistant ........................................................................ 12
Figure 5. Selection of the receiver .................................................................................. 15
Figure 6. Brand and model selection .............................................................................. 16
Figure 7. Search of a GNSS device .................................................................................. 16
Figure 8. Base configuration ........................................................................................... 18
Figure 9. Rover configuration ......................................................................................... 18
Figure 10. Static recording configuration ....................................................................... 19
Figure 11. Monitor of the messages received from the GNSS ....................................... 20
Figure 12. GPS status ...................................................................................................... 21
Figure 13. Satellites constellation .................................................................................. 21
Figure 14. Main menu..................................................................................................... 22
Figure 15. Project information screen ............................................................................ 23
Figure 16. Project creation ............................................................................................. 24
Figure 17. Coordinates system list ................................................................................. 25
Figure 18. Configuration of a new coordinates system ................................................. 25
Figure 19. Workspace ..................................................................................................... 27
Figure 20. Status toolbar ................................................................................................ 28
Figure 21. Configuration section .................................................................................... 32
Figure 22. Creation of a local system ............................................................................. 33
Figure 23. Dialog for edition of a control point .............................................................. 34
Figure 24. Transformation data ...................................................................................... 35
Figure 25. Layer manager ............................................................................................... 37
Figure 26. Editing the Base Map layer ............................................................................ 39
Figure 27. Street map ..................................................................................................... 40
Figure 28. Satellite map .................................................................................................. 40
Figure 29. Topographic map ........................................................................................... 40
Figure 30. Editing the Shape layer .................................................................................. 41
Figure 31. Editing the DXF, KML/KMZ or GML layers ..................................................... 43
Figure 32. Editing the Surface layer................................................................................ 44
Figure 33. Editing the WMS layer ................................................................................... 45
Figure 34. WMS service example ................................................................................... 45
Figure 35. Surveying map mode ..................................................................................... 46
Figure 36. Example of point with its basic data.............................................................. 46
Figure 37. Surveying numerical mode ............................................................................ 47
Figure 38. Dialog for setting up continuous surveying criteria ...................................... 49
Figure 39. Continuous surveying .................................................................................... 50

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Figure 40. Line data ........................................................................................................ 50

Figure 41. Area data ....................................................................................................... 50
Figure 42. List of point codes.......................................................................................... 53
Figure 43. Edition and creation of codes ........................................................................ 53
Figure 44. Epochs measured for a point......................................................................... 54
Figure 45. Measuring the distance between two points ............................................... 54
Figure 46. Surveying tools dialog box ............................................................................. 55
Figure 47. Selection of points for the intersection ......................................................... 55
Figure 48. Confirmation of the intersection solution ..................................................... 55
Figure 49. Intersection of two lines ................................................................................ 56
Figure 50. Line-circle intersection .................................................................................. 57
Figure 51. Circle-circle intersection ................................................................................ 58
Figure 52. Point calculated by distance and azimuth ..................................................... 59
Figure 53. Two points and distance ................................................................................ 60
Figure 54. List of roads ................................................................................................... 61
Figure 55. Roads in surveying ......................................................................................... 62
Figure 56. Editing a road ................................................................................................. 63
Figure 57. Top view of the alignment ............................................................................. 63
Figure 58. Numeric information of the alignment ......................................................... 63
Figure 59. Vertical alignment view ................................................................................. 64
Figure 60. Vertical alignment numerical information .................................................... 64
Figure 61. Cross section view ......................................................................................... 65
Figure 62. Cross section numerical information ............................................................ 65
Figure 63. Created digital model .................................................................................... 66
Figure 64. Creation of a digital model (1) ....................................................................... 67
Figure 65. Creation of a digital model (2) ....................................................................... 67
Figure 66. Example of setting out to the north .............................................................. 69
Figure 67. Example of setting out to the movement ..................................................... 70
Figure 68. Example of setting out to the last point ........................................................ 70
Figure 69. Setting out to the sun .................................................................................... 71
Figure 70. Map staking out mode................................................................................... 72
Figure 71. Compass staking out mode ........................................................................... 73
Figure 72. Target staking out mode ............................................................................... 74
Figure 73. Augmented Reality staking out mode ........................................................... 75
Figure 74. Offsets of the camera relative to the GNSS measuring point ....................... 76
Figure 75. Line stake out ................................................................................................ 77
Figure 76. Polyline stake out .......................................................................................... 79
Figure 77. Surface analysis ............................................................................................. 80
Figure 78. Road stake out settings ................................................................................. 81
Figure 79. Road stake out (top view) ............................................................................. 83

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Figure 80. Road stake out (front view) ........................................................................... 83

Figure 81. Slope control configuration ........................................................................... 84
Figure 82. Slope control display (top view) ................................................................... 85
Figure 83. Slope control display (front view)................................................................. 85
Figure 84. Point export menu ......................................................................................... 87
Figure 85. Export to GML format dialog box .................................................................. 87
Figure 86. Export to TXT, DXF and KML formats dialog box ........................................... 87
Figure 85. GPS file example ............................................................................................ 87
Figura 87. Google Drive login ......................................................................................... 89
Figure 88. Uploading a project into Google Drive .......................................................... 90
Figure 89. Basic data list ................................................................................................. 91
Figure 90. Raw data list .................................................................................................. 92
Figure 91. Stake out data list .......................................................................................... 92
Figure 92. Basic point information ................................................................................. 94
Figure 93. Raw point data............................................................................................... 94
Figure 94. Information and multimedia data associated with the point ....................... 94

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1 Introduction
TcpGPS is an Android application (available both for mobile phones and tablets) that
allows the user to carry out field work on measurements of farms, roads, crops, etc., in
a simple way.

In addition, after carrying out the survey or importing a file of measured points, it is
possible to proceed to the staking out of these points, offering tools for quick and easy
location of these points on the ground.

Finally, the data obtained can be exported to a range of different formats (TXT, GML,
KML, etc.) and synchronized with Google Drive to make them instantly available on any
other platform.
TcpGPS app is available for any Android device with a version 6.0 or above, for both
smartphone and tablet. In this document the screenshots were taken in a smartphone
in order to show functionality independently.

1.1 Installation
Installing TcpGPS Android application requires a device with Android OS and Internet
connection. The recommended requirements are shown in the following table:

Feature Recommended
Android OS V6.0 or above
RAM 2GB
Connectivity Data connection
Bluetooth
Internal GPS
Sensors Magnetometer and accelerometer
GPU High performance

From Google Play Store you can find and install the application, named TcpGPS.

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Figure 1. License request

The application requires a set of permissions:

• Contacts is needed in combination with access to telephone properties.

• Bluetooth for connecting to external GNSS receivers.
• Internet for downloading ESRI maps, synchronizing to Google Drive and using
NTRIP and WMS services.
• Location for getting position from the internal GPS.
• Camera for making photos and use augmented reality.
• Microphone for recording voice notes.
• Storage for accessing files and storing results.

These permissions will be requested to accept after installing the application.

The first time the application is started, the user will be required to fill the data
information fields for requesting a license. Two different license versions are available
for TcpGPS Android.

1.2 Demo license

Once the application has been downloaded and installed, you can request a demo
license with a limit of 10 points by entering your email and your country. If you have
already purchased your permanent license, you can enter the activation code and start
working in the unlimited mode.

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1.3 Full license

At the application start, if you do not have a license, you may type an activation code
(see Figure 1. License request) you can get sending an email to sales@aplitop.com.
If you already have a demo license you can also type the activation code to upgrade your
license from demo to full.

1.4 Application data

In section Menu > Application > About us is possible to find information about:

• License agreement.
• User information associated to license.
• System and application information: version and device, list of sensors,
etcetera.

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2 Session wizard
When the application start-ups, it displays a wizard for configuring the GNSS receiver
and the project to be used in the working session.

Figure 2. GNSS receiver connection Figure 3. GNSS receiver working Figure 4. Project configuration
assistant mode assistant assistant

2.1 GNSS receiver connection assistant screen

On this screen (Figure 2), the user can connect and configure the GNSS receiver he wants
to use or both receivers if a base-rover configuration is needed. These are the options
available:
• Receiver: The last receiver and model used in the last session are shown here. It

allows to connect to a new receiver or model , or connect/disconnect to

the last one .

• Console: It is possible to access to a terminal for checking what is the app

receiving from the receiver by clicking .

Once the receiver is connected (or not), by clicking on Next the user continues to the
next wizard screen: GNSS working mode assistant screen
This screen (Figure 3) has available four options for configuring the working mode on
our GNSS receiver:

• Rover. GNSS rover configuration for collecting data.

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• Base. GNSS base configuration for sending corrections to all GPS connected as
rover to that base.
• Static. It allows to configure the GNSS to start and stop a static measurement of
the current point.
• Constellations. It allows to select the constellations you want to use in your
measures.

Depending on the features and available resources of each GNSS model, these options
will be enabled or disabled.

Project assistant screen

2.2 GNSS working mode assistant screen

This screen (Figure 3) has available four options for configuring the working mode on
our GNSS receiver:

• Rover. GNSS rover configuration for collecting data.

• Base. GNSS base configuration for sending corrections to all GPS connected as
rover to that base.
• Static. It allows to configure the GNSS to start and stop a static measurement of
the current point.
• Constellations. It allows to select the constellations you want to use in your
measures.

Depending on the features and available resources of each GNSS model, these options
will be enabled or disabled.

2.3 Project assistant screen

On this screen, the user can configure the project he wants to work on. He can create a
new project or select one of his previous for continuing the job. The following is the list
of options for setting up the project:

• Project: A list of the projects created by the application is presented, placing it

in the last used project. You can choose another project from the list or create a

new one on the button .

• Coordinate system: The coordinate system of the current project can be
changed in the case of an error. A notice will notify the user of the risk of using
this option, since it only affects the points captured by the application and it may
affect other points or cartographies.

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Once the settings have been established, you can start working by clicking on the button

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3 GPS connection
TcpGPS allows you to use two data sources: the device's internal GPS, if it has one, or an
external GPS connected via Bluetooth.

In GNSS receiver connection assistant screen or Device > Connection section are
available the needed options for selecting and configuring the different types of GPS
receivers:

• GNSS Internal Receiver: Use of the device’s internal GPS. Some new devices have
the possibility to use the NMEA format to manage locations. In that mode, the
device’s internal GPS and the NMEA format will be used. Additionally, a set of
models of different brands is available for connecting with these receivers that
needs an external application for receiving the GNSS data.
• GNSS External Receiver (Bluetooth): It allows to connect to GNSS receiver
through Bluetooth connection.
• GNSS Simulator Receiver: This mode uses a file of coordinates in WGS84 to
simulate the locations in the application.

Figure 5. Selection of the receiver

Once the type of receiver is selected and the needed configuration is completed, the
communication will be established by pressing Connect. With Disconnect button the
application is disconnected from the current receiver.

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3.1 Connection to the internal GPS

In this case, only the device's GPS must be enabled. The application will automatically
connect to it and receive the data. Also, the internal GPS with NMEA output can be
selected if the device provides this feature.
These options have the possibility to connect with receivers that needs an application
as a bridge between GNSS and TcpGPS.

3.2 Connection to an external GPS

In this case, the Bluetooth connection of the device must be enabled to establish
communication with the external GPS (which must also be compatible with this type of
connection).

When this mode is selected, the options for connecting with the external device will be
shown. Brand and model must be selected using the spinners. The brands and models
in the list have a basic configuration that is sent from the application in order to make
easier to start working.
If a different configuration is needed or the model is not in the list, GENERIC option
allows to connect with any device that is configured previously.

Figure 6. Brand and model selection Figure 7. Search of a GNSS device

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The application stores the information of the last GPS configured, but if no one was used
before, a GNSS can be found by pressing the button Device.
In this screen, Search button will start the searching of near Bluetooth devices. When
the ID (or the MAC if the receiver has no ID) is shown in the list, it could be selected.

3.3 Configuration of the external receiver

Once the app is connected to the receiver, it can be configured by setting its parameters
in Device > Set up receiver.

Each supported brand and model have a set of specific forms where modifying these
parameters and send the configuration to the receiver.

Usually, GNSS receivers can be configured in two modes: base or rover, and each one
can establish different types of data links, depending on the capacities and hardware
available.

3.3.1. Base configuration1

This option enables the user to configure the receiver in RTK mode, what allows the rover
receivers to work with centimetric precision.

Firstly, the position where the base is located must be set. It can be introduced by two
ways:

• Getting the position for the receiver, by using the GPS button. This location will
be taken with the receiver in autonomous mode, what can be ideal when a local
system is going to be created, then the location of the base is not important, or
it will be placed in a different location in each session.
• Using a point from the current project. This option is only available once a
project is loaded.
• Typing the location manually. It allows to configure the base introducing the
values manually. The distance between the current location and the location
introduced must be less than 100 meters.

The user can use projected or geographic coordinates in all cases.

Next step is to choose the type of data link. When clicking Next, the screen for
configuring the data link will be displayed. This screen depends on the brand and model
of the receiver and the set of parameters will change. Check the technical notes available
in our website (https://www.aplitop.com/documentation-technical-notes) for detailed
information about the configuration of different GNSS brands and models.

1
In this section are described the common options to configure the GNSS. However, these options can
change, not to be available or to be needed additional parameters depending on the receiver.

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Figure 8. Base configuration

3.3.2. Rover configuration

Figure 9. Rover configuration

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This option configures the rover receiver for getting RTK corrections via radio, GSM or GSM,
or DGPS corrections with SBAS u OMNISTAR (not all these configurations are available in
every receiver, even some receivers could offer other types of configurations).

The configuration will be sent to the receiver by pressing Send button.

Check the technical notes available in our website for detailed information about the
configuration of the different GNSS brands and models supported by the software
(https://www.aplitop.com/documentation-technical-notes).

3.4 Static
Some devices allow the user to record data in static mode, for postprocessing. In this
case, the option Static will be present in the menu.

Figure 10. Static recording configuration

After setting the parameters, the recording will be initialized by pressing Start button
and finished using Stop button.

3.5 Terminal
A terminal is available for advanced users who wants to know what the receiver is
sending, where is shown the frames and messages received. This terminal is accessed

from Device > Terminal or in the button in the GNSS receiver connection
assistant screen. This terminal has the following options for interacting:

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• Pause/Continue: The user can pause and continue receiving data into the
terminal. However, while the reception is paused, the messages received will be
discarded by the terminal.
• Record: Store the messages to a log file.
• Clean: Remove all the frames shown in terminal.
• Hex output: The messages are shown with hexadecimal values.

Figure 11. Monitor of the messages received from the GNSS

3.6 GPS status

It is possible to consult the GPS status by opening the GPS status section, pressing on
the communications toolbar.
In this section, you can find information on both GPS (Figure 12) and available satellites
(Figure 13). The arrows in the options menu can be used to navigate between one view
and another.
In the following table are described the parameters shown in the numerical screen of
this section:

UTC Time Current UTC time.

Satellites Number of satellites used in the measurements.
Position Type Position type of the measurements.

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Latitude/ Longitude/ Coordinates of the current position in WGS84.

Ellipsoidal Height
H. Prec/ V.Prec Horizontal and vertical precisions of the current measures
(meters).
PDOP (Position Empirical and dimensionless indicator of the quality of the
Dilution of Precision) measure. The lower it is the higher is the quality.
Age Real Time Age of the corrections received by the GNSS.
Easting/ Northing/ Coordinates in the coordinates system used in the project
Orthometric Height (shown above these parameters).

Figure 12. GPS status Figure 13. Satellites constellation

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4 Preparation of the project

From the Session screen at the start of the application or the main menu in Menu >
Project, the user can create a new project o select one of the previously created.

4.1 Project options

The Project submenu can be found on the side menu, which allows you to choose one
of the following options:

Figure 14. Main menu

• Information: On this screen you can consult the properties of the project (the
name, author, coordinate system, etc.). In addition, it is possible to change the
coordinate system, although this option is recommended to be used with
extreme caution since, when applied, only the points saved in the project will be
affected, not the cartographies or other elements added, so undesirable results
may be obtained in these cases.

• New project: Allows a new project to be created, as it is described in section

Creation of a new project.
• Open: Allows you to choose another project to work on.

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Figure 15. Project information screen

4.2 Creation of a new project

If the option to create a new project is selected, the application will display the screen
shown in the Figure 16. It will request:
• The Project Name
• The Author of the job.
• Project information with the last update date and the number of points.
• Descriptive, informative comments or relevant project data.
• A Coordinate system that will be used for the job.

Once all the data has been entered, the project will be load and the application will be
entered in Survey mode.

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Figure 16. Project creation

4.3 Selection of coordinate system

ISO Standard 19111, Geographic information - Spatial referencing by coordinates,
defines the conceptual scheme for the description of spatial referencing through
coordinates. Describes the necessary data to define the reference systems of one, two-
and three-dimensional coordinates as well as the information needed to convert
coordinates from one system to another.
According to this Standard, a coordinate reference system is composed of a coordinate
system and a datum. Of the different types of datums that distinguish the Standard, the
Geodetic Datums and the Vertical Datums are the ones that will be used in this module.
The former requires the description of an Ellipsoid and the latter do not.
Based on this classification, two groups of coordinate reference systems have been
created: Geodetic SRC and the Vertical SRC.
The Geodetic SRCs are divided into different types. Based on the classification of ISO
19111 and the classification made by the EPSG (European Petroleum Survey Group,
www.epsg.org, http://www.epsg.org/now the OGP, International Association of Oil &
Gas Producers) in its database, we will distinguish: the SRC Geographical, the SRC
Geocentric and the SRC Projected.
To start working on a project, it is essential to define in which coordinate system the
points and geographic data will be represented.

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Clicking on the button displays a list of coordinate systems that have previously
been configured in the application in other projects (Figure 17).

If you want to add a new one, click on .

Once the coordinate system is selected from the list, it will be assigned to the project by

clicking on the button .

The coordinate system could be also deleted using the button .

Figure 17. Coordinates system list Figure 18. Configuration of a new coordinates system

When a new coordinate system is created, the continent and the country in which it will
be worked will be established, and then the coordinate systems, datum
transformations and available geoids (Figure 18) in that region will be listed in this
region:
• Coordinate systems: List of projected coordinate systems used in the selected
country.

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• Datum transformations: List of datum transformations for the area that has
been selected in the coordinate system.
• Geoids: List of geoids that can be used to calculate orthometric heights.

Clicking on the button creates the new coordinate system settings with the name
that was assigned to it.

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5 Workspace
Figure 19 shows an image of the workspace as presented at start-up. The following parts
are distinguished:
1. Map: The map is the main working element, since it is where the points and
information about them are displayed.
2. Map menu: Various options for working with the map are displayed in the map
menu, such as accessing the layers presented in the map, zoom extension, GPS
tracking, and map mode.
3. Working menu: Options for carrying out work regarding surveying, staking out,
points, etc. are displayed in this menu, depending on the section being accessed.
4. Application menu: Options to browse through the different sections of the
application are displayed in this menu, such as surveying, staking out, or project.
5. Status toolbar: Information regarding the GPS and Bluetooth status.
Additionally, fields for setting the number, code and antenna height of the
receiver are available.
6. Navigation controls: This menu has buttons to change the working mode in
those templates that are allowed, as well as additional options, also depending
on the template.
7. Data panel: This space is used for showing information and data needed in the
current working section.

Figure 19. Workspace

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Each of these parts will be described below, and the information and elements that are
presented in will be shown in each section.

5.1 Map menu

In sections where the map is used, a floating menu appears inside the map window
containing options for interacting with it. Some options are shown only in some sections.
In the following table are described all the available options:

Access to Layer management section.

Zoom the map showing all the elements of the project.

Enable/disable the GPS tracking.

Change the base map type: topographic, streets or satellite.

5.2 Status toolbar

In the status bar you have access to the Application Menu, as well as to the information
on the current status of the receiver that is being used. In Figure 20 you can see in detail
the content of the menu bar.

Figure 20. Status toolbar

• Application menu: Described above, it gives access to the different templates of

the application.
• Antenna height: Set the antenna height in the project (meters).
• Type of position: Position that the GPS is currently capturing. It can be FIX (fixed),
DGPS (differential), FLOAT (floating) or AUTO (autonomous).
• Age: It refers to the age in real time, in seconds. The latency of the corrections
that are received from the reference base.

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• Precisions: The vertical and horizontal precisions in which the receiver is

currently working in, in meters.
• Satellites: Number of satellites currently used to perform the measurements.
• Bluetooth status: Icon that shows the current status of the Bluetooth connection
to the external receiver (if this receiver option is being used). The following
messages are used for describing the status of the Bluetooth:
o BT ICX: Initializing connection.
o BT CRC: Creating connection.
o BT CTN: Connecting with GNSS.
o BT CON: Connected to GNSS.
o BT ND: No data from receiver.
o BT EC1: Connection error 1.
o BT EC2: Connection error 2.
o BT DSN: Disconnecting from receiver.
o BT CLC: Closing connection.
o BT DSC: Disconnected from receiver.
o BT EXC: Connection exception.
o BT EXD: Disconnection exception.

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6 Configuring the workspace

The Settings option can be found in the Application submenu. This option leads to the
Settings section, where a set of parameters for the workspace is available (Figure 21).
These options are described in the table below:

Surveying and Staking Out

Item categories Item categories to be considered for GPS data

Minimum Number of Minimum number of satellites for obtaining

Satellites GPS data

Real Time Age Maximum difference in time between

corrections that will be considered to validate
the position received.

Horizontal and vertical Minimum precisions that will be considered to

precisions validate the position received from the GPS in
meters

PDOP Empirical and dimensionless indicator of the

quality of the position received (Position
Dilution of Precision). The lower the value, the
higher the quality.

Height of the Antenna Default antenna height to be used during the

Project (in meters)

Observation Time Time interval in seconds when the epochs for

defining the current point will be taken.

Codes separator Character used as reference for codes

separation in multicodes (see Point code
management)

Measuring shortcut Allow to select a physical key in the device to

make measures easily2.
Codes file Allow to choose a file with a list of predefined
codes for points.

2
It is not recommended to use the home, volume or power keys because they have a function into the
device. This option should be used if the device has extra keys that can be configured for other
purposes.

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Staking Out
Staking Out Mode Staking out mode used (north, movement, or most
recent point staked out)
Horizontal Tolerance Horizontal tolerance to take the point as having been
reached (in meters).

Vertical Tolerance Vertical tolerance to take the point as having been

reached (in meters).

Distance Target Mode Distance at which to change to target mode (in

meters).

Next Point Automatic stepping to the next point to be staked

out according to the number of the point or by
proximity to the current one.

Augmented Reality
Text Size in AR Size of the text used for showing the id of the
points.

Distance for displaying texts This distance is used for displaying only the
texts of the points that are at this distance as
maximum.

Stick configuration The user can configure the length and the
color of the highlighted stick.

Application
Orientation Allows to choose the screen orientation (portrait or
landscape).
Sound Mode Switch between sounds or voice indications.

Use Clustering Enable the clustering of points when zooming.

Cluster Tolerance Level of point clustering.

Minimum Observation Scale level from which point clustering will be

Scale for Cluster applied.

Minimum Observation Scale level from which the point data will be
Scale for Point Data displayed on the map.

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Activate log Allows the activation of the logger for generating log
files of the current session.

Activate compass Activation of the compass over the map.

Activate scale Visualization of the map scale.

Figure 21. Configuration section

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7 Local system
In this section the user can create, apply or remove a local transformation by adding or
modifying control points. Available transformations are 2D/3D Displacement and
2D/3D Helmert. Appendix A. Transformations contains detailed information about
these transformations.
Figure 22 shows the main screen for creating a local system. It shows the map of the
area and the current GPS position. In addition, if points have been taken in surveying,
that are shown in the map to be selected as control points.

Figure 22. Creation of a local system

On the menu of this template are the buttons for the different options that allow the
insertion of control points, in addition to being able to select these directly on the map
if there are points previously taken. These are outlined below:

Manually insertion of the origin and target of the control point

Import a file with points that could be used as origin of control points.

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Import a file with points that could be used as target of control points.

Use the current GPS position as origin of the control point.

When manually insertion, point capture or map selection are used, a dialogue is
displayed to allow the user to edit the information of the control point. This dialogue
has options for typing the point coordinates, using the GPS position or selecting targets
from list containing previous imported points (Figure 23).

Figure 23. Dialog for edition of a control point

Once control points are selected, the numeric screen shows detailed information about
the transformation, the points used, leftovers and errors.
The user can display information about the points in the top spinner, where he can
select:
• Source points: The coordinates of these points will be used as origin coordinates.
• Target points: The coordinates of these points will be used as target coordinates.
• Leftovers: Show the differences between each origin and target point. Source
points and Target points are related by their number.

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The number of control points will enable one or several transformations that can be
selected in the spinner of the numeric screen.

Each transformation will be characterized by a set of parameters:

• MSE 3D: Medium Square Error in 3D.

• MSE H/V: Medium Square Error in horizontal and vertical.
• Max. Res. X/Y/Z: Maximum residue in X/Y/Z coordinates.

Figure 24. Transformation data

The user can store the transformation by pressing the icon . A name for the file
will be requested and the transformation will be stored in a file with .ntr extension into
the project folder, allowing to be used in other projects.

7.1 Apply a local system

Just after storing the transformation, the user is asked if he wants to apply it. But it is
not needed to create a transformation to apply it. In Menu > Local System > Apply, the
user can select a .ntr file in the device containing a transformation previously created
and apply it to the current project.

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It must be considered that when a transformation is applied to a project with points,

cartographies and other elements, the transformation will only convert the points that
has raw data associated. The other elements will not be affected.

7.2 Remove a local system

The user can stop using a transformation at any moment by clicking on Menu > Local
System > Remove. The transformation will stop being used and the points will be
converted to the original coordinates system of the project. As it has been said before,
only points with raw data will be affected by this transformation. The transformation
file is not deleted from the internal storage of the device.

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8 Layer management
In the TcpGPS maps (both when surveying and staking out) a division into layers is
carried out that are organized according to their nature (Figure 25).

Figure 25. Layer manager

The following types of layer store points, lines and polygons created when working.
These layers are associated to codes, and the same layer may be associated with
different codes, but always of the same type:
• Points Layers: These layers divide the set of work points into different subsets
separated by their code. When a new project is created, a layer of points is
automatically created that will contain all the points that do not have a code, or
the code has no layer associated.
• Lines Layers: These layers contain lines and polylines defined attending to the
lineal code associated. When a new project is created, a layer of lines is created
for those lines with no code or the code has no layer associated.
• Polygons Layers: These layers contain polygons defined attending to the
polygonal code associated. When a new project is created, a layer of polygons is
created for those polygons with no code or the code has no layer associated.

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The types of layer below contain base maps or cartographies, which will be used as
references, but also for other tasks as surface analysis:

• Base Map layer: This layer is created automatically when a new project is created
and is unique.
• DXF layer: This layer contains a DXF map imported from a .dxf file.
• DWG layer: This layer contains maps imported from .dwg files.
• Surface layer: This layer contains a 3D Surface built by DXF 3D faces or LandXML.
This layer is used in surface analysis (see Surface analysis).
• KML/KMZ layer: This layer contains a KML cartography. It also can be imported
from compressed format with .kmz extension.
• GML layer: This layer contains a GML cartography.
• Shape layer: This layer contains a SHAPE map imported from a .shp3 file.
• WMS layer: This layer allows a WMS service to be configured that will be
displayed on the map.

The following commands can be executed on each of these layers:

• Sort layers: You can change the order of one layer with respect to another using

the buttons to raise or lower the layer in the stack of layers.

• Add layer : Import a layer from a file or the cloud (Google Drive).

• Edit the layer : The settings window of the selected layer type is displayed.

• Delete layer : Deletes the project layer.

• Center in map : Center the map fitting the selected layer.

• Display the layer : Enables or disables the display of the layer on the map.

• Basic point configuration : Set the style and basic information to display of
the points. The style will be applied only if the point has no code associated.

Additionally, each layer can be shown or hidden by clicking on button.

3
As well as the .shp extension, the associated .prj, .shx, and .dbf files must be present.

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Each layer has a selector at left side for setting the current active layer. This active layer
will be the reference for searching when clicking on the map. If you do not want to
establish a single active layer and you want to perform searches in general, the Free
Selection box must be activated.

8.1 Editing the Base Map layer

This layer, like the Points layer, is a special layer that is created when a new project is
created. Its purpose is to manage the base map that will be presented in the workspace.
The properties that you can define here are (Figure 26):

Figure 26. Editing the Base Map layer

• Opacity: Level of map transparency.

• Color: Background color when the map could not be loaded, or its visualization
is disabled.

Apart from ESRI maps, the user can configure his own base maps using WMTS services.
To do that the following options have been added:

• Import WMTS service: Allow to import a list of WMTS service from a file
containing pairs Name and Service URL.
• Add WMTS service: Allow to add a WMTS service manually.
• Edit WMTS service: Allow to modify the WMTS information.
• Delete WMTS service: Remove a WMTS service from the list.

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Figure 27. Street map Figure 28. Satellite map Figure 29. Topographic map

8.2 Editing the shape layer

A shape layer manages a file of this type to be displayed in the workspace (Figure 30).
In order to be able to load these types of files, it is necessary to have four different file
types in the same folder:

• .shp: This is the SHAPE file with the information to be displayed.

• .shx: This is the associated index file.
• .prj: Projection file indicating the system on which the map was made.
• .dbf: Database with information associated with the points and geometries of
the map.

Shape files containing punctual, linear or polygonal geometries, both 2D and 3D, are
supported.

These files can be loaded from the internal storage of the device or download from a
Google Drive account, if the user is logged in (see Export of digital models

If the project contains digital models generated, they can be exported to DXF format
with 3D faces.

When this option is selected, a dialog will be displayed requesting the user the name of
the file where the model will be stored and the model to export, selected from a list.

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Google drive data synchronization). Clicking the button you will access the

internal storage file explorer and clicking the button you will access the cloud
services for downloading the shape cartography stored in the Google Drive account.

The properties to be defined for this layer are:

• Layer name.
• Opacity: Level of transparency of the layer.
• Color: Color for lines and dots on the map.
• File: File to be displayed.

Figure 30. Editing the Shape layer

8.3 Edition of DXF, KML/KMZ, GML and DWG layers

The DXF, KML / KMZ and GML layers contain cartographies of these types, where all the
information is inside those files. These layers share the form of editing since it will be
their content that establishes the parameters of each one.
The properties that can be configured on this layer are:
• Layer name.
• Opacity: Level of transparency of the layer.
• File: File to be displayed.

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As with shape layers, files can be loaded from the internal storage of the device or
downloaded from a Google Drive account.

8.4.1. DXF
The entities supported in DXF are:

• ARC: Arcs (2D and 3D).

• CIRCLE: Circles (2D and 3D).
• POLYLINE / LWPOLYLINE: Polylines (2D and 3D).
• LINE: Lines (2D and 3D).
• POINT: Points (2D and 3D).
• VERTEX: Vertices of polylines (2D).
• TEXT: Texts.

8.4.2. DWG
In this case, the entities supported by TcpGPS are points, lines, polylines 2D and 3D,
arcs, circles, ellipses, splines and helices as well as single line texts.

8.4.3. KML/KMZ
The following entities are supported with the indicated structures:
• Points
<Placemark>
<Point>
<coordinates></coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>

• Polylines
<Placemark>
<MultiGeometry>
<LineString>
<coordinates></coordinates>
</LineString>
</MultiGeometry>
</Placemark>

• Polygons
<Placemark>
<Polygon>
<outerBoundaryIs>
<LinearRing>
<coordinates> </coordinates>
</LinearRing>
</outerBoundaryIs>
</Polygon>

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</Placemark>

8.4.4. GML
Geometry entities that contain the following structure are supported:
<cp:geometry>
<gml:MultiSurface gml:id="" srsName="">
<gml:surfaceMember>
<gml:Surface gml:id="" srsName="">
<gml:patches>
<gml:PolygonPatch>
<gml:exterior>
<gml:LinearRing>
<gml:posList srsDimension="" count=""></gml:posList>
</gml:LinearRing>
</gml:exterior>
</gml:PolygonPatch>
</gml:patches>
</gml:Surface>
</gml:surfaceMember>
</gml:MultiSurface>
</cp:geometry>

Figure 31. Editing the DXF, KML/KMZ or GML layers

8.4 Edition of surface layers

The surface layer manages a 3D surface imported from a DXF file that contains 3D face
entities (FACE3D).

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The properties to be configured for this layer are:

• Layer name.
• Opacity: Level of transparency of the layer.
• File: File to be displayed.

Once the layer has been configured, by clicking the loading of the surface file
starts and once it is completed it will return to the list of layers, where the newly created
layer will appear.

Figure 32. Editing the Surface layer

8.5 Edition of WMS layers

A WMS layer manages the connection with this kind of service for loading the
information related to the current working area.
When you create a new WMS layer, what you must do is create a new entry to connect
to the desired service or use one of those that have been used previously. You can add
as many services as you want, in addition to being able to edit existing ones (if there is
a change in the URL that connects to it) or you can delete them if they are not going to
be used or they are no longer available.
The functions available to edit layers of this type are:

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Allow to import a list of WMS servers from a TXT file with the following
format:
<Name> <URL>

Defines a new WMS service by entering the corresponding URL.

It allows it to modify the URL of the WMS service, in case of error or if it has
been transferred to another address or server.

It allows the deletion of a WMS service from the list, if it is not used or it is no
longer available.

Figure 33. Editing the WMS layer Figure 34. WMS service example

8.6 Loading layer from cloud

When you want to create a new layer, you have the option to Access Google Drive cloud

services by clicking on the button . This button will give you Access to the Google
Drive explorer for searching the desired file.

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9 Survey
This is the first screen that appears for the user when they enter the application. Two
modes are available: map mode (Map surveying screen) and numerical mode
(Numerical surveying screen). For switching between both modes, these buttons

can be used.

9.1 Map surveying screen

In the survey screen map mode are shown the points, cartographies and roads that
compound the project.

Figure 35. Surveying map mode Figure 36. Example of point with its basic data

Figure 36 shows an example of a measured point with its basic information displayed
around it:
• At top left of the point is shown the number.
• At right of the point is shown the height.
• At bottom right of the point is shown the code.
The floating menu below the map contains certain functions for interacting with the
map. See Map menu section for detailed information about each option.

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When you pick on a point, a dialog will be displayed showing his number. By clicking on

the button , it possible to access the detailed information of the point (see Details
of the points).

9.2 Numerical surveying screen

Several parameters associated with the points taken can be configured from the
numerical surveying screen:

Figure 37. Surveying numerical mode

• Point number: Number of the next point that will be taken. This number will
increase 1 in 1 as consecutive points are taken, from the given. The number of a
point is an alphanumeric text that, in the case of numbering more than one point,
it will add a suffix that will indicate the numbers taken with that same initial text.
For example, if the number is decided to be CRT, the first point will be CRT, but
the next one will be CRT_1, CRT_2, and so on.
• Height of the antenna: The height of the antenna at the moment the point was
gathered. By default, the value defined in the Settings will appear, but if you

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need to change this to a specific point or points, it is possible to define a new one
here (this does not change the default value).
• Code: A code that will be associated to the point, which can be selected from a
predefined list or a new code created (see Point code management).

The numerical surveying screen also displays the numerical information of the current
GPS position.

9.3 Point survey

Using the button of the menu bar you can take the current point where the GPS
is located. If the point does not comply with any of the restrictions established in the
settings regarding the type of position, the number of satellites or the accuracy, the user
will be notified of this situation and he will decide whether he wants to take it. It will be
disabled when you are using the Continuous survey.

In the numerical mode screen, it is possible to configure the point before taking it by
assigning different parameters, as it is explained in Numerical surveying screen.

When taking a point, the user can directly associate an image and a voice note using the

buttons that appear in the numerical template of the survey . If detailed

information about the point is required, it can be accessed by choosing the point on the
map and clicking the info button (see Editing points).

9.4 Continuous survey

Using the button begins the taking of a series of consecutive points according to
three criteria:

• Continuous measurement by time interval: A time interval is defined for the

next point to be taken.
• Continuous measurement by distance: A distance is defined after which the next
point will be taken.
• Continuous measurement by gradient interval: A difference in level is defined
after which the next point will be taken.

Before starting the taking of the points, a dialog will request which criteria will be used
to decide when to take a point.

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Figure 38. Dialog for setting up continuous surveying criteria

When points are taken continuously, the conditions to take them as valid will only be
considered in the first one and for the rest of the points a voice will advise if the
restrictions are satisfied or not and, in consequence, if the point is measured or not.

Once the taking starts, it can be stopped at any time by pressing the same button, that

has changed its icon to .

This mode is very useful when measuring lines or alignments, where the points must be
measured at certain distance.

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Figure 39. Continuous surveying

Figure 40. Line data Figure 41. Area data

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9.5 Point code management

To classify the points, it is possible to assign them a specific code that groups them and
distinguishes them from the rest. This code may be composed by a set of codes of
different type for identifying the point in a better way or to define different properties
for the point. Some examples of codes are shown below:

TREE

SHOULDER,ASPHALT

MANHOLE,LP_1,PT_2

As you can see in the examples above, a separator character will be used for identifying
each code of the multicode. To change this separator, see Configuring the workspace.

There are three types of codes in the application:

• Punctual: Used for defining singular points (TREE, MANHOLE, LAMPPOST…)

• Lineal: Define polylines. In this case, a sequence of points composes the polyline.
The first point of the polyline will be attached the s suffix (start) and the last point
the e suffix (end). Here you have an example:

ASPHALT S

ASPHALT

ASPHALT

ASPHALT E

• Polygonal: Define areas or parcels. As lineal codes, a suffix for the starting point
(s) and another one for closing the polyline (c) are needed. For instance:

PLOT S

PLOT

PLOT

PLOT C,POST

In the numerical survey mode, the button displays the code management dialog.
It is also possible to access the code management screen by a long click over the Code
filed in the status bar.

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In Figure 42 dialog is shown with the list of codes available in the database of the
application. This database is modified as new codes are inserted and existing ones are
modified or eliminated. By clicking on the desired code and accepting the choice, the
code starts to be used in the following taken points. Using this list, you can build your
code or multicode (if you want to assign more than one code to the point) only by
checking the Use checkbox beside each code.

Previously, it was said that a separator is needed to compose a multicode and it can be
selected in Configuring the workspace. If you want to add a new code to your multicode,

you must click the button to introduce the separator or type it if you know which
separator is selected.

If the code is lineal or polygonal, you can add the start or end suffix for the line or the
start or close suffix for the polygon, only clicking the corresponding button or typing it.
This is important because when the application builds the lines or polygons it uses these
suffixes as references.

In Figure 43 it the options to edit or create a new code are displayed. The codes can be
punctual or linear (depending on whether they will represent independent points or
points that will make up a line or a plot). In addition, a wide base of colors is available to
assign to the points that contain this code.

Depending on the type of the code, you can configure the style of the elements that use
this code. For points you can define the color, size and type of symbol. For lines you can
set the color, width and style of line. For polygons, apart from the style of the contour
line, you can define the fill color and the level of transparency.

It must be considered that if the code of the point is a multicode, the style for its
representation over the map will be the style of the first code which associated layer is
visible.

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Figure 42. List of point codes Figure 43. Edition and creation of codes

9.6 Observation time

As it was seen in the template of the Configuring the workspace it is possible to establish
the observation time of a point. When the observation time is bigger than 0, by taking
a point in an individual capture, as many captures will then be taken during the interval.
When the measurement is finished, the list of captures taken and the differences with
the average are displayed. If the measurements taken are considered acceptable, the
point can be recorded or discarded for a new measurement.

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Figure 44. Epochs measured for a point

9.7 Distances and areas

Figure 45. Measuring the distance between two points

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In this mode, the map has an additional functionality: distance and area measurement.

When we press the button the app asks the user for the kind of measure:
• If distance measurement is selected, we will be instructed to choose the first
point; Once selected, the second point will be requested and then the
information about the distance between the two will appear (Figure 45):
distance 2D (without taking into account the dimension), distance 3D, the height
difference and the slope between the two points.
• If area measurement is selected, you will select points over the map and the area
will be built and updated each time a point is added. You must be careful because
the order of the point will define the shape of the area. Number of vertices,
perimeter, area and maximum and minimum height are the data shown.

9.8 Survey tools

Clicking the tools button displays a dialog box where you can find a set of tools to
work with the points gathered. These tools correspond to the calculation of new points
using intersections or reference points. There are three types of intersection: line-line
intersection, line-circle intersection and circle-circle intersection. Two options are
available for creating new points from reference points: distance and azimuth and 2
points and distance.

Figure 46. Surveying tools dialog Figure 47. Selection of points for Figure 48. Confirmation of the
box the intersection intersection solution

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9.9.1. Line-line intersection

In this case, the point where two lines are cut is calculated. The application will ask the
user first to click on the two points that will form the first line and then select the two
points that will form the second. It will show immediately the two lines and the
intersection between them. If the lines are parallel, there will be no cut off point. Next,
it will ask for confirmation, if you want to save this solution.

Figure 49. Intersection of two lines

9.9.2. Line-circle intersection

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Figure 50. Line-circle intersection

The application will ask the user first to select the two points that form the line and,
next, the point that will be the center of the circle, after which you must write the
radius of it. In this case, it can happen that there is no solution if the line and the circle
are separated; that there is only a solution if the line is a tangent to the circle, or that
there are two solutions if the line cuts the circle. The application will show the line and
the circle and the intersection between them and, if there is more than one, it will ask
you to choose which of the two you want to record.

9.9.3. Circle-circle intersection

This case is like the previous one, and there may be none, one or two solutions. The
application will request the user the center of the first circle and then the radius and
perform the same operation for the second circle.

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Figure 51. Circle-circle intersection

9.9.4. Distance and azimuth

In addition to using intersection, points can also be calculated from others using the
Distance and azimuth tool. The application will ask the user to choose a point from those
present in the work and then enter the distance and the azimuth of the point that will
be generated, taking as reference the selected point.

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Figure 52. Point calculated by distance and azimuth

9.9.5. Two points and distance

Whit this tool, the user can select two points a set a distance from the first point to
calculate a new one, taking the azimuth between the selected points as the direction
where apply the distance.

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Figure 53. Two points and distance

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10 Roads (Pro version)

When entering the road edition (Menu> Edit> Roads) a list of the roads that are
currently in the project is presented.

Figure 54. List of roads

For the management of the list of roads, the following options are available:

Adds a new road to the list. It can be imported from a .eje file (created using
TcpMDT) or a LandXML file.

Enter the road edition template where you can associate a vertical alignment
and the cross templates to it.

Remove the selected road and all the elements associated with it.

These roads are shown in the survey template of the application in blue and red which is
currently the active road, selected on the list by clicking on the marker on the left.

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Figure 55. Roads in surveying

When the horizontal alignment of a new road has been loaded, you will go directly to the editing
screen, where you can select a vertical alignment and make a list of files of templates that will
be associated with that road.

The files that are supported are:

• .eje files that contain the horizontal alignment of the road.

• .ras files that contain the information of the vertical alignment.
• .tra files that contain the cross section of the ground or the road defined.

These extensions correspond to the native files created by the TcpMDT application, although it
is possible to use the LandXML format, of which the entities supported are:

• Alignment: It contains the points that form the horizontal alignment of the road.
• Profile: It contains the vertical alignment data.
• CrossSects: It contains the data of the templates of the road.

Both the horizontal alignment and the vertical alignment and the construction of templates can

be visualized in graphic mode and its data consulted on the button .

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Figure 56. Editing a road

10.1 Horizontal alignment display

Figure 57. Top view of the alignment Figure 58. Numeric information of the alignment

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The display of the horizontal alignment presents the vertical alignment and allows the

rotation of the presentation for a better observation, especially if a smartphone

is used.

In smartphones you can alternate between the elevation view and a table with data of
the horizontal alignment and in tablets both screens are presented at the same time for

a better study of the information. The button allows it to extend the plant of the
horizontal alignment to full screen for a greater definition or to return to the two
columns with the numerical information.

10.2 Vertical alignment display

The display of the vertical alignment presents it in elevation. As in the horizontal
alignment, rotation of the presentation is allowed. In addition, in this case, a
magnification factor can be applied to obtain a better definition of the vertical alignment

in the button . This magnification is in the x1 - x20 range.

Figure 59. Vertical alignment view Figure 60. Vertical alignment numerical information

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As in the horizontal alignment, on tablets the information of the vertical alignment and
its elevation view is presented for a better analysis of it, as well as the possibility of
hiding the column of data and extending the elevation of the vertical alignment.

10.3 Cross sections display

The display of the templates presents the template in the current station of each one of
the transverse files contained in the list.

When you start the window, the application will immediately be placed in the template

closest to the current position. With the buttons you can switch from one
station in the template to the previous one or the next one respectively. For templates,
a magnification factor can also be applied to obtain a better definition.

Figure 61. Cross section view Figure 62. Cross section numerical information

In the numerical presentation of the data of the templates, the information of the points
of the transverse file selected in the current station is shown. The template to be
displayed can be chosen from the drop-down list, automatically updating the data, and,
in the graphic view, the template with greater thickness of the line will be highlighted.

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11 Digital model (Professional version)

In TcpGPS you can create digital models using the measured or imported points of the
project. To access this option, click on the Edit > Digital Model submenu.

When you enter the screen, a map with the points stored in the project and usable for
the digital model generation is shown, along with the digital models already created.

Two options are available in this screen:

• Import of a digital model.

• Creation of a digital model.

These models can be used in surface analysis (see Surface analysis section) for getting
information about the difference of height between the digital model surface and the
current terrain delimited.

Figure 63. Digital model created

11.1 Import a digital model

This option allows the user to import a digital model from a DXF or a LandXML file.

In case of a DXF file, the entities 3DFACE will be taken for define the faces or triangles
of the digital model.

For LandXML the entity used for creating digital models is Surface.

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11.2 Creation of a digital model

A digital model is created using a process called triangulation in which the points are
turned into triangle vertices, generating an irregular mesh defining the terrain.

Figure 64. Creation of a digital model (1) Figure 65. Creation of a digital model (2)

The following parameters will be required in the screen for configuring the digital
model:

• Name of the digital model.

• Color for drawing the digital model.
• Break lines. If this option is enabled and the project contains lines or polylines, a
list of them will be displayed for selecting those you want to use as break lines.
These lines, either by the characteristics of the terrain or by the peculiar way of
seeing it, will be obligatory lines (in advance) in the formation of the digital
terrain model. It is not mandatory to define them, but it is highly advisable for
the work to have validity and precision, since through these lines the relief is
defined by following the existing slope changes.
• Maximum distance. It defines the maximum length for the edges of the
triangles. If a triangle has an edge with a higher length than this value, it will not
be created.
• Contour lines. By enabling this option, contour lines can be generated from the
generated digital model. There are two types of contour lines:

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o Minor contours.
o Major contours.
Each type of contour is defined by its name, color and height interval between
each of them.

By clicking on the accept button, the triangulation process will start. When it is finished,
one or several layers will be added to the project:

• Digital model layer. This layer manage the visualization of the digital model and
it can be used in surface analysis.
• Contour lines layer. If the contour lines option was selected, two layers will be
added, with the names typed, that manage each type of contour lines.

You can generate as many models as you desire, but if the names of the models or the
contour lines match with any other present in the project, it will be replaced by the new
one.

Figure 66. Digital model triangulated with TcpGPS

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12 Setting out
In the side menu, the Staking out submenu can be found, which gives the option to
choose one of the different modes, depending on the type of work that the user will
perform:
• Setting out of points: Performs a setting out of the points contained on the
project database.
• Setting out of lines: It allows to stake out lines formed by the union of two
existing points in the database of the project.
• Setting out of polylines: The setting out is performed on polylines or polygons
defined in a DXF, KML / KMZ, shape or GML cartography.
• Surface analysis: Analyze the difference in dimensions between the current
position of the GPS and the 3D surface loaded.
• Road Setting out: It allows you to stake out a set of points configured on a road.
• Slope control: The current state of the land is analyzed according to the
theoretical template that has been loaded into the project.

12.1 Setting out modes

When setting out, the reference to get the indications for reaching the points can be the
north, the movement or the last staked out point.

12.1.1. Setting out to the north

In this case the indications are referred to the north direction, so it is recommended to
be oriented to the north when using this mode.

Figure 67. Example of setting out to the north

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12.1.2. Setting out to the movement

In this case the last movement of the user is taken as reference for indicating the next
movement he should do to reach the target point. In this mode, a new movement will
be recognized when at least the location has change in 50 centimeters of distance.

Figure 68. Example of setting out to the movement

When the position reaches the limit configured settings named Target Mode Distance
(see Configuring the workspace) the last move the user did is taken as reference and it
does not change anymore, in order to avoid continuous changes due to the small
distance to the point.

12.1.3. Setting out to the last point

In this case, the line from the last set out point to the target point is taken as
reference.

Figure 69. Example of setting out to the last point

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12.1.4. Setting out to the sun or shadow

This mode is like setting out to north, but in the case the reference is the sun. The user
must have the sun at his back and a good guide is his own shadow.

Figure 70. Setting out to the sun

It is very important to know that the reference will change depending on the hour and
the day.

When using stake out to the shadow the direction is the inverse, i. e., the user must
leave the sun behind him to obtain the reference. In this mode, the cast shadow can be
a great help when it comes to orienting himself.

12.2 Set out points

In this section, individual points are staked out. To make the job easier, TcpGPS
incorporates various modes for staking out.

12.2.1. Map mode

In this mode, a map is displayed showing the available points for setting out and the
current position of the GPS. You can select the point to set out simply by clicking on it.
A signal indicating the point and a line between the current position and this one will
serve to advance towards it in the correct direction. Over this line is shown the distance
to the point.

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Figure 71. Map staking out mode

The map is always pointing north, unless the reference is set to the movement, which
will be pointing to the current direction in which the user is moving. In addition, at the
top there is numerical and visual information about the movements to be carried out
with the distance that must be travelled.

When a point is stored it is marked with a green symbol as the last set out
point, for identifying it in case to be using Setting out to the last point. The other set
out points change their symbol to . Once the points are staked out, the user can
check the differences between these points and the original points in the section Edit >
Points. (Check section Staking out data).

12.2.2. Compass mode

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Figure 72. Compass staking out mode

In this mode, the direction in which the point is relative to the north from the GPS
position will be indicated. It is a mode that is recommended to locate points at a long
distance, since in the vicinity of the point the measurement of the angles can be erratic.
To use it, the device must have a magnetometer.

In the compass, three lines are highlighted:

• The red line is fixed and indicates the current direction the user device is
pointing. This line changes its color to green when the line indicating the point
to be set out matches with her.
• The black line indicates the direction of the north.
• The orange line indicates the direction to the point to be staked out.

Between the red line and the orange line is indicated the angle the user must turn to
face the point.

On top of the compass is indicated the distance to reach point.

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12.2.3. Target mode

Figure 73. Target staking out mode

In this mode, the current position of the GPS (in green) is shown in relation to the center
of a target that marks the point to be set out (in red at center of the dartboard). The
position of the GPS within the target will be determined by the movements to be made
depending on the selected setting out mode. In this mode, a greater precision is
obtained when locating the point, so its use is recommended in the vicinity of the point
to be set out.

On top of the dartboard are shown the movements the user should make to reach the
point: left or right for lateral movements and forward or backward for advance
movements.

12.2.4. Augmented Reality mode

In the setting out of points and setting out roads, there is a way of setting out in

Augmented Reality that can be accessed on the button once a setting out has
been selected. This mode is a way to visualize on the real terrain the layout of the points
to be set out so that they are easy to locate. In the screen the user can see the image
captured by the camera and overlapped to it a set of points that the user is staking out

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(represented as red sticks), with the current point to be staked out highlighted. The user
can configure the aspect of the highlighted point in Menu > Settings > Augmented
Reality > Stick configuration (see Configuring the workspace).

Augmented reality mode needs the magnetometer and accelerometer sensors of the
device for getting the orientation of the camera. The quality of the experience will be
affected by the sensibility of these sensors. Interferences in the magnetic field can
decrease the quality of the visualization.

For reducing the interferences and improve the experience of the user this mode has
available a set of controls that allows to adjust the camera view. These controls let the
user to modify the angles of the camera (pitch, roll and yaw) and the distance offsets (X,
Y and Z).

Figure 74. Augmented Reality staking out mode

In addition, clicking in button, a dialog is displayed for setting the offsets of the
camera relative to the point the GNSS receiver is measuring, in centimeters. This
measuring point will depend on the height of the pole configured in the application. In
Figure 75 is shown an example where the antenna pole height is 0 and the point
measured is the base of the GNSS.

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Figure 75. Offsets of the camera relative to the GNSS measuring point

12.2.5. Changing the staking out mode

To change the mode, the controls will be used will be used. In addition,
when the minimum distance to the point configured in the application is met, the target
mode is automatically passed to obtain more precision in setting out.

When the current location is at a distance lower than the set in Menu > Settings > Stake
out > Target Mode Distance, the application will display the target mode automatically.

12.2.6. Staking out options

The following options are provided for working with staking out of points:

• Staked out point : Saves the point staked out in the database by recording
the current GPS data. This data is shown can be checked in the Editing points
section by selection the stake out list. In this list are shown the differences
between the original point measured in the surveying process and the current
set out point.

• Next /previous point: They allow you to select the point to be staked
out by scrolling through the list of points according to their numerical order.

• Select code : Allows you to select a specific set of points according to their
code. Another option is associated with this one to allow you to return to the full

list of points .
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• Point selection : Allows the user to select a point by entering its number.

In each setting out mode, help is provided in the form of voice prompts to mark the
movements to be made or the remaining distance to reach the point.

12.3 Stake out lines

In this template we will work on setting out a line (Figure 76¡Error! No se encuentra el
origen de la referencia.) that will be established between two selected points.
When you want to stake out a line, the application will ask for the first point (selectable
in the map) and then for the second. Once the two points are selected, a line will join
them on the map and the following information will be presented:

Figure 76. Line stake out

• GNSS TO N-P1-P2: Distance from the current point to the line in perpendicular
fashion. If the perpendicular falls outside the line, an extension of it will be drawn
for its representation.
• GNSS TO N-P1: Understanding the origin as the first point chosen, this distance
is the distance from the current point projected on the line, to the origin.

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• D P1-P2 is the length of the line.

• Azimuth P1 TO P2 is the azimuth of the line following the direction P1 to P2.
Line stake out mode displays the line to stake out with the points at both sides and the
current position of the user respect to the line.
If the user is out of line ahead (beyond the destination point) or behind (before reaching
the point of origin) a dotted line will inform us of this situation.
All the stakeout data is presented on the representation.

If you want to set out another line, just press the button .
Additionally, it is possible to stake out a parallel line to the defined in the map by clicking
on the button <imagen>. A dialog will be displayed asking for the distance in meters
where the parallel line will be set. If the distance is positive, the new line will be set to
the right of the first one, and if it is negative to the left.

12.4 Set out polylines

In this case, we work on maps of type DXF, KML / KMZ, GML or shape that contain
elements formed by an indeterminate number of points of the polylines or polygons
(closed polylines) type.
When one of these elements is selected, the vertices corresponding to the points that
form it are automatically marked. It takes, by default, the vertex closest to the current

one, being able to change the vertex with the buttons .

When you want to store the information of one of the setting out points, press the

button . In this case, since the points of the polyline are not saved as project points,
both the polyline point information and the setting out point information are stored.

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Figure 77. Polyline stake out

12.5 Surface analysis

This template is intended to check a 3D surface imported from a DXF file containing 3D
faces or a LandXML containing surfaces entities. To carry out this check, the dimension
defined on the surface will be compared with the elevation measured by the GPS and
the difference will be shown. In addition, the face on which the GPS is located at each
moment is highlighted.

In the Layer management section is possible to change the active layer in case the
project contains multiple surface layers. The active surface layer will be the one taken
for making the analysis.

The information shown is:

• Height: Current height of the GNSS receiver.

• Height diff.: Difference of height between the GNSS height and the current
selected surface.

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Figure 78. Surface analysis

12.6 Roads stake out (PRO version)

12.6.1. Stake out settings

In the setting out of roads, the points referred to the horizontal alignment of the road
are set out. To do this, first you must configure the point or the set of points you want
to set out.

If you want to set out a single point, just indicate it in the Initial Station.

If what is desired is to stake out a set of points along the horizontal alignment or parallel
to it, the option Interval should be activated, and an Initial Station indicated from which
the following points of the interval will be created. Then you can modify the interval
between the points that will be taken. In addition, if this option has been selected, a
drop-down list with the ordered set of interval points helps the user to choose the point
to be set out.

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Figure 79. Road stake out settings

As an additional option, you can stake out, alone or next to the points defined in the
interval, the singular points that form the horizontal alignment, marking the Singular
Points option. These points are also added to the list of drop-down points and begin with
an [S].

If no other option is configured, all points will be located on the horizontal alignment.
However, it is possible to set out points that are at a distance from the horizontal
alignment, parallel to it. To do this, you can select if you want a list of points parallel to
the horizontal alignment at a certain distance (Setting out by Station and Displacement)
or to use a selected point of one of the vertices of the cross templates associated with
the road, defined by a code (Setting out by Station and Code).

If there is no cross section selected, only the option of setting out by Station and
Displacement will be available, indicating the displacement in meters that the points will
have on the horizontal alignment. If the distance is positive, they will be placed to the
right of the horizontal alignment and if it is negative to the left.

When a cross section is selected from the list associated with the horizontal alignment,
the setting out option for Station and Code is activated, in this case you can enter a code
manually or select it from the cross-template view on the button .

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Once the list of points to be set out has been configured, the setting out of the button

starts .

12.6.2. Stake out display

The setting out screen has two modes: setting out of a plant and setting out in elevation.
The latter will be shown if a cross section has been selected and if the road has a vertical
alignment associated with it. To switch between both views, the navigation menu

buttons are used .

The information displayed on the elevation is the following:

• The Station and the current displacement.

• Move forward / backward from the current station to reach the point.
• Movement in / out of the horizontal alignment to reach the point.
• Current elevation and movement up / down to reach the slope.

In the plant, the information of the current position marked with a celestial cross is
shown.

If you have selected a range of points to set out, with the buttons

you can change the point to set out within the list.

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Figure 80. Road stake out (top view) Figure 81. Road stake out (front view)

When the setting out point has been reached, it can be saved using the button . In
this case, two points will be saved in the project database: the original point calculated
in the list of points to be set out and the point that has been marked as set out.

12.7 Slope control (PRO version)

12.7.1. Slope control configuration

In the control of slopes the verification of the state of the terrain is made according to
the road. In order to carry out slope control, the road must have a vertical alignment
and at least one cross section.

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Figure 82. Slope control configuration

The first step to configure the slope control that you want to perform is to select the
cross section to be used in the process. Once this is done, the following options will be
activated:

• Setting out through codes: If you want to set out according to a certain segment
template of the template, you can select the codes of the points in each end of
a certain template. In this way, the control will be referred to the vector that
defines the stretch and its extension in space. If this option is not selected, the
control will be done according to the entire selected template.
• Height dimension: If the height dimension is taken automatically, the control will
be referred to the current template dimension. If a point of the template is
selected as the reference dimension, it will be determined by entering the code
of that point or selecting it from the template itself.

To select the codes in each case from the selected template, press the button . In
this way, the template closest to the current position will be displayed or you can travel
between the template to look up the required code directly on the models.

12.7.2. Slope control display

In the slope control display screen, the elevation of the template closest to the current
position of the GPS and the information related to the movements to be made to reach
the position in said slope is presented.

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Figure 83. Slope control display (top view) Figure 84. Slope control display (front view)

The information displayed is the following:

• The Station and the current displacement.

• Movement in / out of the horizontal alignment to reach the slope.
• Current elevation and movement up / down to reach the slope.

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13 Working with the data

Once the surveying data has been gathered and/or the staking out work performed on
them, a range of tools are available in order to be able to work with the data.

13.1 Importing points

It is possible to import points previously taken in other platforms or from other
projects made with TcpGPS using files of the following type
• TXT or PUN: The format of the points in these files must be:
<point id> <X> <Y> <Z> <point code>
For example:
1 324177.421 4041653.935 0.85 SURV
2 324177.436 4041653.925 0.62 SURV
3 324177.422 4041653.937 0.63 SURV
4 324177.418 4041653.932 0.75 SURV
5 324177.432 4041653.942 0.55 SURV
6 324177.433 4041653.928 0.49 SURV
7 324177.414 4041653.939 0.65 SURV
8 324177.416 4041653.935 0.77 SURV
9 324177.427 4041653.919 0.76 SURV
10 324177.412 4041653.941 0.81 SURV
• DXF: The POINT entities contained in the file will be taken.
• KML / KMZ: Point entities will be taken as valid points.
• If the application is synchronized with Google Drive services, you may import
these files from the cloud.

13.2 Exporting points

Points gathered in TcpGPS can be exported to the following formats: KML, PUN, CSV,
TXT, DXF, Shape and GML. A special type of exportation is included, called, MDT, where
a .pun and a .gps files are generated to use them into TcpMDT.

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Figure 85. Point export menu Figure 86. Export to GML format Figure 87. Export to TXT, DXF and
dialog box KML formats dialog box

13.3 Exporting raw data

The raw data contained in the application associated with points taken during a survey
can be exported to .gps format, which looks like this:

Figure 88. GPS file example

Two files will be generated when exporting raw data, both with .gps extension:
• The first one with observation basic data (or the average of the observations if
the point was taken using more than one epoch), for instance “Example.gps”.
• The other one is a detailed file with all observations of each point, for instance
“Example_Details.gps”.
Two types of lines exist in this format. Lines starting with # contains project information:
• Projected SRC: Projected reference coordinates system.

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• Geodesic T. Datums: Transformation of geodesic datums.

• Vertica SRC: Vertical reference coordinates system.
• Vertical T. Datums: Transformation of vertical datums.
• Local system.
• dX, dY, dZ: Additional offsets applied to local system.

Lines starting with P or B contains information about the measured points:

• Base (B) or Point (P).
• Source.
• System date.
• System time.
• Name of the reference base. If “-“ is shown, the base was configured in other
working session. When working using NTRIP server, the name of the node is
added.
• Point name.
• WGS84 Latitude.
• WGS84 Longitude.
• WGS84 Altitude.
• Antenna height. Offset is not included.
• PDOP.
• Number of used satellites.
• Position type identifier.
• Horizontal precision.
• Vertical precision.
• Point code.
• File where the point is stored.
• Position type description (Fixed, Floating, Autonomous, etcetera).

This format is compatible with Aplitop's TcpMDT office software, so that the points are
drawn automatically in CAD, being able to also consult all the raw data, as well as the
linked images and voice notes. It also has numerous tools to create digital terrain
models, generate contour lines, draw profiles, calculate volumes, etc. See
https://www.aplitop.com/applications-topographic.

13.4 Export of digital models

If the project contains digital models generated, they can be exported to DXF format
with 3D faces.

When this option is selected, a dialog will be displayed requesting the user the name of
the file where the model will be stored and the model to export, selected from a list.

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13.5 Google drive data synchronization

Figure 89. Google Drive login

In Application menu, you will find the option Cloud services. Clicking on it you will access
to the Google Drive synchronization service.

Once you are in the cloud services screen, you may start the synchronization. Clicking
on Login button, a dialog showing the list of accounts configured in the device will be
displayed. You can select one of these accounts or connect with a new one. If the process
is successful, you can import files into your project from Google Drive and export your
project to the cloud.

13.6 Project synchronization with Google Drive

Inside the submenu Export of the main menu you can find the option Synchronize. In
the screen, the current project is selected with its local root folder to export and the
folder TcpGPSProjects where the project will be stored in Google Drive. The Upload
button will not be enabled if you did not login to your Google Drive account in the Cloud
Services section (see Export of digital models

If the project contains digital models generated, they can be exported to DXF format
with 3D faces.

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When this option is selected, a dialog will be displayed requesting the user the name of
the file where the model will be stored and the model to export, selected from a list.

Google drive data synchronization).

Figure 90. Uploading a project into Google Drive

In the mobile device where the TcpGPS application is executed, a directory structure
will be created in the main memory of the device, which has the following structure:

+ Internal storage
+ aplitop
+ tcpgps
+ projects
+ project_1
+ img
- index.txt
+ snd
- index.txt

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The index.txt files present in the img and snd folders containing images associated with
points and voice notes respectively, contain the relationship between said images and
voice notes and the points to which they are associated, so that each line appears first
the number of the point and then the name of the image or associated voice note.

13.7 Editing points list

Points gathered using TcpGPS are stored in the database associated with the project.
The stored data can be viewed in the List of points in the Edit section (Figure 91).

13.5.1. Basic data

General information of the point as it was gathered, also considering the coordinate
system used. Other information like whether the point has attached an image or a voice
note is shown in that list in the form of icons.

Figure 91. Basic data list

13.5.2. Raw data

Complete information of the point for later processing. Stored raw data fields are date
and time, source from where the point was stored, antenna height, latitude and
longitude, height, position type, horizontal and vertical precisions and number of
satellites.

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Figure 92. Raw data list

13.5.3. Staking out data

Figure 93. Stake out data list

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Information for points that have been staked out. In this list are shown the differences
between the point measured originally and the point got in the staking out process. The
last staking-out performed on a point is only shown if it has been done several times.

13.5.4. Options
On these lists, you can search for specific points by their number or by their code,

options are available in the button .

It is also possible to select a point from any list and select from a range actions to
perform on it:

This takes the user to the surveying section by centering the view on the
selected point.

This takes the user to the staking out section with the selected point ready to
start the operation.

This takes the user to the Details of the point section, from where information
about the point can be viewed.

Allow the user to add a point by typing its geographic or projected

coordinates.

Allow to remove the selected point.

13.5.5. Details of the points

This provides detailed information about the point, not only with respect to its
numerical data, but also making it possible to associated multimedia information such
as photos and voice notes with it. This section is accessible from the list of points in
Editing points section or by selecting a point in the map working mode and clicking the
icon of information.

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Figure 94. Basic point information Figure 95. Raw point data Figure 96. Information and
multimedia data associated with
the point

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Appendix A. Transformations
In local systems you can define four types of transformations: 2D / 3D translations and
2D / 3D Helmert. Below is the mathematical development of each of these
transformations.

2D Displacements
Calculate the displacements x and y through the Arithmetic average of the differences
between the origin and the destination. Only a couple of points are necessary.

Formulas:

𝑥 ′ = 𝑥 + 𝑇𝑥

𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + 𝑇𝑦

where:

x ', y' = x, y transformed coordinates.

x, y = Original x, y coordinates.

Tx = Translation x.

Ty = Translation y.

Helmert 2D
It is also known as a 4-parameter similarity transformation. The transformation process
includes 3 steps: scaling, rotation and translations.

The first two are defined by a parameter each and the translations include 2. At least
two pairs of points are necessary.

Formulas:

𝑥 ′ = (𝑆 ∙ cos 𝜃) ∙ 𝑥 + (𝑆 ∙ sin 𝜃) ∙ 𝑦 + 𝑇𝑥

𝑦 ′ = −(𝑆 ∙ sin 𝜃) ∙ 𝑥 + (𝑆 ∙ cos 𝜃) ∙ 𝑦 + 𝑇𝑦

where:

x ', y' = x, y transformed coordinates.

x, y = Original x, y coordinates.

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S = Scale.

Θ = Angle of rotation.

Tx = Translation x.

Ty = Translation y.

3D Displacements
This type of transformation calculates the displacements x, y, z through the Arithmetic
mean of the differences between the origin and the destination. Only a couple of
points are necessary.

Formulas:

𝑥 ′ = 𝑥 + 𝑇𝑥

𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + 𝑇𝑦

𝑧 ′ = 𝑧 + 𝑇𝑧

where:

x ', y', z ' = x, y, z transformed coordinates.

x, y, z = Original x, y, z coordinates.

Tx = Translation x.

Ty = Translation y.

Tz = Translation z.

Helmert 3D
It is also known as the 7-parameter transformation. The parameters involved are: three
rotations, three translations and a scale factor. The rotation matrix is constructed by
three consecutive turns around the x, y, z horizontal alignment. It is necessary to have
at least 3 pairs of points.

Formulas:

𝑥 ′ = 𝑆 ∙ (𝑚11 ∙ 𝑥 + 𝑚12 ∙ 𝑦 + 𝑚13 ∙ 𝑧) + 𝑇𝑥

𝑦 ′ = 𝑆 ∙ (𝑚21 ∙ 𝑥 + 𝑚22 ∙ 𝑦 + 𝑚23 ∙ 𝑧) + 𝑇𝑦

𝑧 ′ = 𝑆 ∙ (𝑚31 ∙ 𝑥 + 𝑚32 ∙ 𝑦 + 𝑚33 ∙ 𝑧) + 𝑇𝑧

where:

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x ', y', z ' = x, y, z transformed coordinates.

x, y, z = Original x, y, z coordinates.

S = Scale.

Tx = Translation x.

Ty = Translation y.

Tz = Translation z.

m11 ... m33= Coefficients of the rotation matrix.

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Glossary
Datum Concept that describes the relations of position, orientation and scale of the
ellipsoid reference with the Earth.

DGPS. Differential GPS code.

Ellipsoid Three-dimensional object generated by the rotation of an ellipse around the

polar horizontal alignment of the Earth.

Epoch. Time at which a measurement is made by the receiver.

Geoid. Surface with a constant gravitational force.

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System.

NMEA. Standard protocol for transmitting data from the GPS receiver to a computer
(National Marine Electronics Associations).

NTRIP Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol.

RTK. Real-time kinematics.

SRC. Coordinates' reference system

URL Uniform Resource Locator.

WMS Web Map Service (Web Map Service).

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