Ceiling Systems
Ceiling Systems
Ceiling Systems
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ﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﺴﺐ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ،ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻖ
.ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ
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3. Ceiling construction systems: ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ
The methods of construction vary widely, but can be grouped under the following
systems: ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ،ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ
1. Jointless systems (Fig. 1): These can be dry or wet methods of construction,
and provide a joint‐free ceiling.
ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺳﻘﻔﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻼﺕ، ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻁﺮﻕ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﻨﺔ:ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﻮﺻﻼﺕ
Continuous Jointless surfaces may be required for fire resistance or where ceilings
have to be provided with durable and tough surfaces. The usual form is expanded
metal plaster with steel hangers fixed to the overhead structure (Fig. 1). Special
plaster mixes are required to insure a fully bonded and crack‐free finish.
ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ.ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ
ﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ.ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺒﺲ
ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺟﺒﺴﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ.(1) ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ
.ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ
Fig. 1: Jointless systems ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﻮﺻﻼﺕ
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2. Frame and panel systems (Figs. 2a, 2b & 2c):
Consist of tiles or planks laid into a framework suspended from the structural
floor or roof above. Access is easily obtainable by removing the tiles or planks.
ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﻁﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺗﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻁﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ:ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ
. ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ.ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ
This is the most common type of suspended ceiling. It comprises a light structural
frame of metal angles or tees supporting infill panels or tiles of plasterboard,
plywood, fiberboard or, alternatively, metal trays. Panels are usually modularly
coordinated to 300, 600, 900, 120 or 1800 mm square.
ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺧﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﻯ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ
. ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ، ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ،( ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺑﻠﻜﺎﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻳﺒﺮ ﺃﻭT) ﻣﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ
.2 ﻣﻠﻢ1800 ﺃﻭ،1200 ،900 ،600 ،300 ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﻘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ
There are various components used for securing the frame for the infill panels
as given in the key plan form in Figure (2a).
ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﻁﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ
: ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ،(2a) ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ ﺭﻗﻢ
Hangers: Metal rods or angles which hang vertically from the floor or roof to
support or ‘level up’ the suspension system.
ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻭﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﺃﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ: ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ
.(ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ )ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ
Bearers: The main supporting sections connected to the hangers and to which
the runner supports are fixed.
. ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ: ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
Runners: The supporting members in contact with the panels and spanning in
the opposite direction to the bearers. Usually of aluminum T or Z sections.
ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻣﻦ، ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ: ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ
.(Z) ( ﺃﻭT) ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺷﻜﻞ
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Advantages of frame and panel system: Erection is speedy and clean, and this type
of ceiling is easily demountable. They can easily be integrated with head services
such as AC, lighting and fire alarm points. Modular types are also integrated with
partition systems.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﺼﺒﻪ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻚ:ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ
.ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﻣﺠﻪ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺪﺩﺓ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ
Fig (2b): Typical methods of securing the ceiling panels into the suspension system
ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ
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Fig. (2c): Concealed fixing details for frame and panel system
ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺑﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﻣﺨﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ
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3. Linear strip systems (Figs. 3)
Similar to the frame and panel system except that there are many fewer joints due to
the use of long lengths of planks, which may or may not interlock.
:(ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻘﺔ
ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺩﺍ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻁﻮﺍﻝ
.ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺃﻭ ﻻ
This type of ceiling shown in Figure (3) uses material in long lengths in order to
minimize the points of suspension and provide a linear visual effect.
( ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺑﺄﻁﻮﺍﻝ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ3) ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ
.ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﻷﺟﻞ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ )ﺃﺛﺮ( ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﺧﻄﻲ
4. Louver and open strip systems (Fig. 4):
These are formed by open panels or lattice units in a suspension framework. They are
used to provide a grill‐like decoration to form a visual ‘cut‐off’ from the soffit and
services above.
ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ:ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ
. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻹﻋﻄﺎء ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﻜﻮﺭ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ.ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻁﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ
This type shown in Figure (4) consists of strips or louver panels made from
timber or metal. They provide a visual cut‐off when seen from below and help to
conceal service pipes. They can be lit from above and there is a large range of fittings
available to fit into various cell sizes.
ﻭﻋﻨﺪ،( ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺷﺮﻳﻄﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ4) ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﺎء.ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺎ ﺗﺨﻔﻲ ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ
. ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ،ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ
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Fig. 4: Louver and open strip system: ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ
5. Integrated services systems (Fig. 5):
An advanced modular ceiling construction system with integral services (Fig. 5)
.( ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ5) ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ.ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺩﻳﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ
These consist of a ceiling which forms a service unit for the room below and which
can incorporate conditioning, ventilation, lighting and sound absorption units. The
units operate as elements within a tiled panel concept or as metal trays to the whole
ceiling area.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ "ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ" ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺪﻣﺞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ:ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ،ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء
.ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁﺎﺕ )ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ( ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ
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