Same day, Manuel Hidalgo (Brother in law) sent him

CHAPTER 20 INTRODUCTION a letter telling: “deporation of 25 persons from Calamba,

including father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano & the rest
Rizal left Europe for 2 reasons: of us” Hidalgo also stated that he’s preparing a letter to
1. Life was unbearable in Europe because of Queen Regent of Spain the Calamba Situation to secure
his political difference with M.H. del Pilar justice “If the Queen will not listen,… we will write to
Queen Victoria of England appealing for protection in the
& other Filipinos in Spain.
name of humanity…”
2. To be near his idolized Philippines & Rizal was desperately sad of what’s happening to his
family. persecuted family & relatives.
FAMILY REUNION IN HONGKONG
FAREWELL TO EUROPE
 Before Christmas of 1891
 October 3, 1891 He was gladdened by the arrival of his father, brother
Rizal left Ghent for Paris, stayed and bid his goodbye & Silvestre Ubaldo (Brother in law). Then his mother &
to Lunas, Pardo de Taveras, Venturas & other friends. sisters Lucia, Josefa & Trinidad also arrived.

 October 18  Christmas of 1891

Ride train to Marseilles & boarded in the steamer Happiest Yuletide celeb. In Rizal’s life since he had
Melbourne bound for Hongkong. Brought a letter of happy family reunion
recommendation by Juan Luna for Manuel Camus & 600
copies of the Fili.  Jan. 31, 1892
Wrote to Blumentritt, telling their pleasant life in HK,
 October 22, 1891 “Here we are all living together, my parents, sisters &
Wrote a letter to Blumentritt saying: “Since we left brother, in peace and far from the persecution they suffered
Marseilles, we have had…magnificent weather. The sea in the Philippines. They are very much pleased with the
is calm, placid like glass, the sky blue, the air fresh and English government.”
invigorating. Truly it is a heavenly trip”
OPHTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONGKONG
Passenger that Rizal befriended inside the
steamer Melbourne:  Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez
A friend & admirer of Rizal
 Msgr. Velenteri Helped Rizal build up wide clientele
 Father Fuchs (Tyrolese) Turn over to Rizal of his many eye cases
Rizal describe hime to blumentritt in Rizal became well-known & had many
the letter saying: “He is fine fellow, a patients including:
Father Damaso without pride and malice”.
- British - Chinese
- Portuguese - Americans
RIZAL & THE GERMAN LADIES
- And his mother’s left eye
Rizal encounter German ladies who were gossiping about him
but he just let it go. Because of a heavy squall the door of dining
 Jan. 31, 1892
room blown open. German ladies said in German that “if the man
Wrote to Blumentritt, “Here I practice as a doctor & I
in front (Rizal) of us were a gentleman he would close the door”.
have … here many sick of influenza because there is an
Rizal understand them & without a word he closed the door. epidemic. Through the newspapers I am informed that this
After that he conversed with the German ladies, they were sickness is also will be spared. In our house, my mother, my
embarrassed & thereafter treated Rizal with admiration & respect. bro. in law, & one of my sisters are sick. Thank God, they
are out of danger.”
ARRIVED IN HONGKONG
People who gave moral & - Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin
 Nov. 20, 1891 substantial aid to Rizal’s (Paris): sent congratulatory
Arrived in Hongkong. Welcome by his Filipino residents medical practice: letter & Books:
and old friends like Jose Ma. Basa. Established residence at > Diagnostic Pathology by
No. 5 D’ Aguilar St., No. 2 Rednaxola Terrace. He also opens - Biarritz Dr. H. Virchow
here his Medical clinic. ………………………………………………… - Mr. Boustead > Traite Diagnostique by
- Nellie’s Father Mesnichock
 Dec. 1, 1891 Wrote letter on Mar. 21, - Don Antonio Vergel de
Rizal wrote letter asking permission to return home to 1892, praising him for Deios (Paris): offered his
his parents practicing his medical services in buying med books
profession (1/2)
& instruments. (2/2)
BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT WRITINGS IN HONGKONG
Because of what happened to Calamba folks under Gov. • ANG MGA KARAPATAN NANG TAO
Valeriano Weyler’s terroristic regime. Rizal had a plan to move The translation of “The Rights of Man” which was
the landless Filipino families to North Borneo (Sabah) & proclaimed in the French Revolution 1789
carved out of its virgin wildness a “New Calamba”
• A LA NACION ESPAÑOLA
 Mar. 7, 1892 To the Spanish Nation
Negotiate with the British authorities for establishing An appeal to Spain to right the wrongs done to the
Filipino colony. The British North Borneo offered the land Calamba tenants
up the Bengkoka River in Mnadu Bay. His mission was
successful since British authorities were willing to give • SA MGA KABABAYAN
Filipino colonists 100,000 acres of land, good government & Was written on December 1891, explaining the
free of all charges. …………………………………………………………….. Calamba agrarian situation
• THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
 April 20 Rizal contributed articles to this British daily
Back in Hongkong newspaper
Rizal’s friends who endorsed his Borneo colonization project: The editor was Mr. Frazier Smith, who was his friend

- Juan & Antonio Luna - Lopez Jaena • UNA VISITA A LA VICTORIA GAOL
- Blumentritt - Dr. Bautista Lin Wrote March 2, 1892
An account of his visit to the colonial prison of
 May 26, 1892 Hongkong.
Jaena wants to join the colony so he wrote to Rizal. “I
have a great desire of joining you. Reserve for me there • COLONISATION DU BRITISH NORTH BORNEO,
(Borneo) a piece of land where I can plant sugarcane. I shall PAR DE FAMILLES DE ILES PHILIPPINES
go there…to dedicate myself to the cultivation of sugarcane Title of an article written by Rizal, to elucidate his
and the making of sugar. Send me further details” Borneo colonization project

Hidalgo on the other hand, objected to the colonization • PROYECTO DE COLONIZACION DEL BRITISH
project saying: “This idea about Borneo, is no good. Why NORTH BORNEO POR LOS FILIPINOS
should we leave the Philippines, this beautiful country of Same article of Colonisation du British… but written
ours? And besides what will people say? Why have we made and elaborated in Spanish
all these sacrifices? Why should we go to a foreign land
• LA MANO ROJA (THE RED HAND)
without first exhausting all means for the welfare of the
Wrote June 1892
country which nurtured us from cradles? Tell me that!”
Denounces the frequent outbreaks of international
- The infamous Weyler, whom the Cubans called “The fires in Manila.
Butcher” was relieved of his gubernatorial office.
DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILA
- Eulogio Despujol
• May 1892
New Governor General, the Count of Caspe,
Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila. This
announced to the Filipino people a fine program of
decision was spurred by the following:
government.
1. To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo
• Dec. 23, 1891 ……………………………………………………………………
colonization project
Rizal sent a letter of felicitation & offering his
cooperation, but instead the Governor did not even 2. To establish the Liga Filipina in Manila
acknowledge receipt of his letter.
3. To prove the Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him
• Mar. 21, 1892 in Madrid
Rizal wrote 2nd letter, he requested the governor gen. to
permit the landless Filipinos to establish themselves in LAST HONGKONG LETTERS
Borneo.
• June 19, 1892
Despujol, did not give Rizal the “courtesy of a reply”. Spent his 31st birthday in Hongkong
Instead, he notified the Spanish consul general in
• Rizal had premonition of his death. Following day, June
Hongkong to tell Rizal that he could not approve the
Filipino immigration to Borneo, alleging that, “the 20, he wrote a two letters which he sealed, inscribed in
Philippines lacked laborers” and “it was not very patriotic each enveloped “to be opened after my death”, and gave
to go off and cultivate foreign soil”. them to his friend, Dr. Marques for safekeeping.
• The first letter was addressed TO MY PARENTS,
parents have, but our country has many more sons who can
BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS
take my place and even do my work better.
The affection that I have ever professed for you suggests this
step, and time alone can tell whether or not it is sensible. The Besides I wish to show those who deny us the boon
outcome judges’ things according to the consequences; but of patriotism that we know how to die for duty and principles.
whether the result be favorable or unfavorable, it may always What matters death, if one dies for what one loves, for native
land and beings held dear?
be said that duty urged me, so if I die in doing it, it will not
matter.
If I thought that I were the only resource for the
consummation of a policy of progress in the Philippines and
I realize how much suffering I have caused you yet I do not
were I convinced that my countrymen were going to make use
regret what I have done. Rather, if I had to begin over again
of my services, perhaps, I should hesitate about taking this
I should do just the same, for what I have done has been only
in pursuit of my duty. Gladly do I go to expose myself to peril, step; but there are others who can take my place, who can do
not as an expiration of misdeeds for in this matter I my services that are not utilize, and I am reduced to
inactivity.
believe myself guiltless of any, but to complete my work and
so that I, myself, may offer the examples of which I have
always preached. Always have I loved our unhappy land, and I am sure that I
shall continue loving it till my last moment, in case men prove
unjust to me. My career, my life, my happiness – and all I
A man ought to die for duty and his principles. I hold fast to
have sacrificed for love of it. Whatever my fate I shall die
every idea which I have advanced as to the condition and
blessing it and longing for the dawn of its redemption.
future of our country, and shall willingly die for it, and even
more willingly sacrifice all to secure justice and peace for you. • June 21, 1892 ……………………………………………………………………
With pleasure, then, I risk life to save so many innocent
Rizal penned another letter in Hongkong for Despujol.
persons – so many nieces and nephews, so many children of
friends, and children too of others who are not even friend – He informed the governor general of his coming to
who are suffering on my account. What am I? A bachelor, Manila and placed himself under the protection of the
practically without a family and sufficiently undeceived as to Spanish government. ………………………………………………………..
life. I have had many disappointments and the future before On that same date, Rizal and his sister Lucia, left
me is gloomy, and will be gloomy if light does not illuminate Hongkong for Manila. They carried a special passport or
it with dawn of a better day for my native land. “safe-conduct” issued by the Spanish consul-general in
Hongkong.
On the other hand, there are many persons, filled with hope
and ambition, who perhaps might be happier if I were dead, RIZAL FALLS INTO SPANISH TRAP
and then I hope my enemies would be satisfied and stop
• June 21, 1892
persecuting so many entirely innocent people. To a certain
extent their hatred is justifiable as to myself, and my parents Immediately after Rizal’s departure from Hongkong:
and relatives. Should fate go against me, you will all - The Spanish consul-general, who issued the government
understand that I shall die happy in the thought that my
guarantee of safety, sent a cablegram to Gov. Despujol that the
death will end all your troubles. Return to our country and
may you be happy in it. Till the last moment of my life I shall victim ”in in the trap” …………………………………………………………..
be thinking of you and wishing you all good fortune - Same date, a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal
and happiness. and his followers “for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation”
- The deceitful Despujol ordered his secretary, Luis de
• The second letter was addressed TO THE FILIPINOS Torre, to find out if Rizal was naturalized as a German citizen
as was rumored.
The step which I am taking, or rather am about to take, is
undoubtedly risky, and it is unnecessary to say that I have • Meanwhile, Rizal and his sister were peacefully crossing the
considered it for some time. I understand that almost China Sea. Unaware of Spanish duplicity.
everyone is opposed to it; but I know also that hardly anybody
else understands what is in my heart. I cannot live on seeing CHAPTER 21 INTRODUCTION
so many suffer unjust persecution on my account; I cannot
bear the sight of my sisters and their numerous families June 1982 Dec. 31, 1891 (2 months
treated like criminals. I prefer death and cheerfully shall Rizal’s bold return to later)
relinquish life to free so many innocent persons from such Manila Rizal reiterated this
unjust persecution.
His 2nd homecoming belief in a letter to
Blumentritt
I appreciate the fact that at present the future of our country Aug. 1887
gravitates in some degree around me, that at my death many Rizal’s 1st “I believe that La
will feel triumphant, and thus, many are now wishing for my homecoming from abroad Solidaridad is no longer
fall. But what of it? I hold duties of conscience above all else.
I have obligations to the families who suffer, to my aged our battlerfield; now is a
“The battlefield is in the new struggle…the fight is
parents whose sight strikes me to the heart; I know that I
alone, only my death can make them happy, returning them
Philippines” –Dr. Jose no longer in Madrid”
to their native land to a peaceful life at home. I am all my - Rizal
Arrival in Manila with Sister • Among those present were:
• June 26, 1892 - Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira) – Mason &
School Teacher
Rizal and his widowed sister, Lucia (wife of the late Mariano
Herbosa) arrived in Manila. - Domingo Franco (Felipe Leal) – Mason & Tobacco
shopkeeper
4:00 pm
he went to Malacanang Palace to seek audience with the - Jose Ramos (Socorro) – Engraver, Printer, Owner of
Spanish governor general, General Eulogio Despujol, Conde de Bazar Gran Bretaña
Caspe.
• 1st Worshipful Master of Nilad & 1st Filipino Masonic
7:00 PM lodge
he was able to confer with Governor Genreal Despujol,
who agreed to pardo his father but not the rest of his family - Ambrosio Salvador – Gobernadorcillo of Quiapo &
and told him to return on Wednesday. Mason
- Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem) – Dentist & Mason
After, he visited his sisters in the city—first Narcisa and - Ambrosio Salvador – Gobernadorcillo of Quiapo &
later Neneng (Saturnina). Mason
Visiting Friends in Central Luzon - Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem) – Dentist & Mason
- Deodato Arellano – Bro. in Law of M.H. Del Pilar &
• June 27, 1892 Civilian employee in the army
4:00 pm - Ambrosio Flores (Musa) – Retired lieutenant of
Rizal boarded a train in Tutuban Station and visited infantry
his friends in Malolos, San Fernando, Tarlac, and - Agustin de la Rosa – Boookkeeper & Mason
Bacolod. - Moises Salvador (Araw) – Contractor & Mason
- Luis Villareal – Tailor & Mason
• He took the opportunity to greet his friends (who were his - Faustino Villaruel (Ilaw) – Pharmacist & Mason
supporters in the reform crusade) personally and discussed - Mariano Crisostomo – Landlord
the problems affecting their people. - Numeriano Adriano (Ipil) – Notary Public & Mason
- Estanislao Legaspi – Artisan & Mason
• The next day, Rizal returned to Manila. - Teodoro Plata – Court Clerk & Mason
• He was shadowed by government spies who watched - Andres Bonifacio – Warehouse employee
carefully his every movement. - Apolinario Mabini (Katabay) – Lawyer & Mason
- Juan Zulueta – Playwright, Poet & Government
• The homes he had visited were raided by the Guardia Civil Employee
which seized some copies of the Noli and Fili and some
“subversive” pamphlets • Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a civic
league of Filipinos, which he desired to establish and its
Other Interviews with Despujol role in the socio-economic life of the people. He presented
the Constitution of the Liga which he had written in Hong
• June 29 Kong and discussed its provisions.
he did not succeed to have the penalty of exile lifted, but
Despujol gave him hope with regard to his sisters. As it was • Officers:
the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, the interview ended at
9:15. - Ambrosio Salvador (President);
- Deodato Arellano (Secretary);
• June 30 - Bonifacio Arevalo (treasurer);
they talked about the question of borneo. The general - Augustin de la Rosa (fiscal).
was opposed to it and told to him to come back on Sunday.
Constitution of the Liga Filipina
• Sunday
they talked about the sundry things and thanked • The aims of the Liga Filipina, as embodied In its
Despujol for having lifted the exile of his sisters Constitution, were the following:
- To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and
Founding of the Liga Filipina homogenous body;
- Mutual protection in every want and necessity; o
• July 3, 1892 Defense against all violence and injustice;
following his interview with Gov. Gen. Despujol, Rizal - Encouragement of education, agriculture, and
attended a meeting of the patriots at the home of the commerce;
Chinese-Filipino mestizo, Doroteo Ongjunco. - Study and application of reforms.

• The motto of the Liga Filipina was: Unus Instar Omnium

(One Like All)
• The governing body of the league was the Supreme Arbitrary Deportation to Dapitan
Council which had jurisdiction over the whole country.
There was a Provincial Council in every province and a • The same issue of the Gaceta contained Gov. Gen.
Popular Council in every town. Despujol’s decree deporting Rizal to “one of the islands in
the South.”
• All Filipinos who have at heart the welfare of their
• Reasons of Rizal’s deportation to Dapitan:
fatherland are qualified for membership. Every member
pays an entrance fee of two pesos and a monthly due of 10 - Rizal had published books and articles which showed
centavos. disloyalty to Spain, and which were “frankly anti-Catholic” and
“imprudently anti-friar” ………………..………………………………………..
• The duties of the Liga members are as follows:
 Obey the orders of the Supreme Council - A bundle of handbills entitled Pobres Frailes was found on
his packages in his arrival in Manila.
 To help in recruiting new members
- His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory
 To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga of three “traitors”, GOMBURZA. And on the title page he wrote
authorities that in view of the vices and errors of the Spanish
administration, “the only salvation for the Philippines was
 To have a symbolic name which he cannot change until separation from the mother country.”
he becomes president of his council
- The end which he pursues in his efforts and writings is to
 To report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which tear from the loyal Filipino breasts the treasures of our holy
affects the Liga Catholic Faith.
 To behave well as befits a good Filipino • July 14
Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the steamer
 To help fellow members in all ways.
Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan. This steamer under
Rizal Arrested & Jailed in Fort Santiago Captain Delgras departed at 1am

• July 6 • July 17
Rizal went to Malacanang Palace to resume his series reached Dapitan at 7 in the evening.
of interviews with the governor general Despujol.
• Captain Delgras went ashore and handed Rizal over to
• During his interview, Despujol suddenly showed him Captain Ricardo Carnicero, Spanish commandant of
some printed leaflets which were allegedly found in Dapitan.
Lucia’s pillow cases.
• That same night, Rizal began his exile in lonely Dapitan
• These incriminatory leaflets were entitled Pobres Frailes which would last until July 31, 1896, a period of four
(Poo Friars) under the authorship of Fr. Jacinto and years.
printed by the Imprenta de los Amigos del Paris, Manila.
They were a satire against the rich Dominican friars who
amassed fabulous riches contrary to their monastic vow of
CHAPTER 22 INTRODUCTION
poverty.
Rizal lived in exile in far-away Dapitan, a remote
• Rizal vaguely denied having those leaflets in either his or town in Mindanao which was under the missionary
Lucia’s baggage, which had been thoroughly searched jurisdiction of the Jesuits from 1892 - 1896.
upon their arrival from Hong Kong by the custom
authorities who found nothing. Beginning of Exile in Dapitan

• Despite his denial and insistent demand for investigation  The streamer cebu which brought Rizal to Dapitan carried
in accordance with the due process of law, he was placed a letter from Father Pablo Pastells to Father Antonio
under arrest and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Obach. In this letter, Father Superior Pastells informed
Despujol, nephew and aide of Gov. Gen. Despujol. Father Obach that Rizal could live at the parish convent
on the following condition;
• In Fort Santiago, he was kept incomunicado.
1. “That Rizal Publicly retract his errors concerning
• July 7 religion, and make statements that were
The Gaceta de Manila published a story of Rizal’s clearly pro-spanish and against revolution.”
arrest which produced indignant commotion among the 2. “That he perform the church rites and make a general
Filipino people, particularly the members of the newly confession of his past life.”
organized Liga Filipina.
3. “That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary
manner as an spanish subject and a man of religion.”
• Carnicero was charmed by Rizal’s fine qualities and • Miranda indiscreetly forwarded Lardet’s letter to Rizal.
personality.
• Immediately, Rizal confronted Lardet and challenge him
• Carnicero came to know that Rizal was not a common to a duel
felon, much less a filibustero.
• When Carnicero heard of the incident, the commandant
• Rizal on his part, admired the kind, generous Spanish told the frenchman to apologize rather than to accept the
Captain. As evidence of his esteem, he wrote a poem, A challenge.
Don Ricardo Carnicero on Aug. 26,1892, on the occasion
of the captain’s birthday. • Heeding the commandant’s advice, Lardet wrote a letter to
Rizal in French, dated Dapitan, March 30, 1893,
Wins Manila Lottery apologizing for the insulting comment.

• On September 21, 1892, the mail boat, butuan, brought no Rizal & Father Sanchez
spanish officials but the happy tidings that the Lottery
Ticket Nom 9736 jointly owned by Captain Carnicero, Dr. • Father Sanchez is the favorite teacher of Rizal in Ateneo
Rizal, and Francisco Equilior won the second prize of De Manila. And the only Spanish Priest
P20,000 in the government owned Manila Lottery. who defend Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere.
• Rizal’s winning in the Manila Lottery reveals an aspect of • Upon the arrival of Father Sanchez in Dapitan, he lost no
his lighter side. time in meeting Rizal.
• “This was his only vice”, commented by Wenceslao E. • All of the efforts of Father Sanchez were in vain.
Retana, his first spanish biographer and former enemy.
• On the birthday of Father Sanchez, Rizal baby him a
Rizal-Pastells Debate on Religion precious birthday gift - a manuscript
• It started when Father Pastells sent him a book by sarda, entitled " Estudios Sobre La Lengua Tagala"
with advice that the latter (Rizal) shoud desist from his (Studies on the Tagalog Language).
majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion from the
prism of individual judgment and self-esteem. Idyllic Life in Dapitan
• In all his letters to Father Pastells, Rizal revealed his • Since August, 1893, members of Rizal family took turns
anti-catholic ideas which he had acquired in Europe and in visiting him in order to assuage his loneliness in the
embitterment of at his precaution by the bad friars. isolate outpost of Spanish power in the Moroland.
• According to Rizal, individual judgment is a gift from • Rizal built his house by the seashore of Talisay,
God and everybody should use it like a lantern to show the surrounded by fruit trees.
way and that self-esteem, if moderated by judgment, saves
man from unworthy acts. • He had also another house for his school boys and a
hospital for his patients.
• Father Pastells tried his best to win back Rizal to the fold
of Catholicism. • Describing the life of Rizal in Dapitan, he wrote a letter
to Blumentrit on December 19, 1893.
• This interesting debate between two brilliant polemicists
ended inconclusively. Rizal’s Encounter with the Friar’s Spy

• In spite of their religious differences, Rizal and Pastells • The blissful life of Rizal was suddenly jolted by a strange
remain good friends. incident involving a spy of friars.

• Although Rizal did not subscribe to Pastells' • The spy assumed name of “Pablo Mercado” and posting as
religious interpretation of Catholic Dogmas, he continued a relative, secretly visited the home of Rizal in the night
to be a Catholic. of November 3, 1893.

Rizal Challenges a Frenchman to a Duel • The truth came out during the investigation of Captain
Juan Sitges.
• He became involved in a quarrel with a French
acquaintance in Dapitan, Mr. Juan Lardet, a • The real name of Pablo Mercado was “Florencio
businessman. Namanan.”

• Lardet purchased many logs from the lands of Rizal. It so • He was hired by the Recollect Friars to a Secret Mission
happened thay some of the logs were poor quality. in Dapitan.

• Lardet wrote a letter to Antonio Miranda, expressed his • The available document about the failed mission of
disgust with the business deal. Friar’s spy have been quoted by three
Rizalist biographers - Retana (1907), Palma (1949), and Hymn of Talisay
Fernandez (1982).
- A poem Rizal wrote in honor of Talisay which he made
• Based upon all these available documentary sources, his pupils sing.
the incident of the secret mission of “Pablo Mercado”
in Dapitan was not an “Assassination Attempt on - The message of this poem is for young people that they
Rizal” It was merely an espionage plot concocted by must learn to face their fears and they must strengthen
the friars. and strengthen their will, because they are the ones who
will take care of and support their families in the future .
As Physician in Dapitan
Contributions to Science
• Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan
Rizal sent specimens he found to the museum of Europe
• He had many patients, but most of them were poor so that especially the Dresden Museum. In turn he received surgical
he gave them free medecine. instruments.
• In August 1893, his Mother and Sister (Maria) arrived in 1. Built up a rich collection of conchology (consisting of 346
Dapitan and lived eith him for one year and a half shells of 203 species)
months. 2. Discovered rare specimen like:
a. Draco rizali (a flying dragon)
• Rizal operated the right eye of his Mother.
b. Apogania rizali ( a small beetle)
• As physician, Rizal became interested in local medicine c. Rhacophorus rizali (a rare frog)
and in the use of medical plants. 3. Conducted anthropological, ethnographical,
archaeological, geological and geographical studies
Water System for Dapitan
Linguistic Studies
- Rizal held the title of Expert Surveyor ( Perito Agrimensor),
which he obtained from Ateneo. - Continuing his study of languages, Rizal learned in
Capitan:
- Mr. H.F. Cameron, American engineer who praised Rizal for
his engineering ingenuity. a. Bisayan
Community Projects for Dapitan b. Subanum
Rizal had: c. Malay
1. Drained the marshes to get rid of malaria that was
- He knew by that time 22 languages as follows:
infesting Dapitan.
Tagalog, Malay, Ilokano, Hebrew, Bisayan, Sanskrit,
2. Equipped the town with lighting system using P500.
The lighting system consisted of: Subanum, Dutch, Spanish, Catalan Latin, Italian, Greek,
Chinese, English, Japanese, French, Portuguese, German,
a. Coconut oil lamps Swedish, Arabic, Russian.
3. Beautified the town of Dapitan by remodeling the Artistic Works in Dapitan
town plaza and making a huge relief map of
Mindanao out of earth, stones and grass To pursue his artistic activities, Rizal;

Rizal as a Teacher 1. Contributed paintings to the Sisters of Charity who were

preparing the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin.
- Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It began with 3 pupils
who increased to 16 and eventually 21. 2. Made sketches of persons and things that attracted him in
DAPITAN.
-16 of his pupils did not pay tuition. Instead of charging them
fees, Rizal made them work in his gardens and construction 3. Modelled a statuette called "The Mother's Revenge" to stress
projects. the moral of the incident where a puppy of his dog, Syria, was
- Formal classes were between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. He also eaten by a crocodile
applied the "emperor" system like that of Ateneo. 4. Constructed a statue of a girl called "The DAPITAN Girl",
- During recess, pupils built fires to drive away insects, pruned a woodcarving of Josephine Bracken (Rizal's wife).
fruit trees and manured the soil.
5. Made a bust of St.. Paul for Father Pastells.
- Outside class hours, students had gymnastics, boxing,
wrestling, stone throwing, swimming, arnis and boating.
Rizal as Farmer  Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other at first
sight. Father Obach, the priest of Dapitan, refused to
- Rizal acquired total holdings of 70 hectares where 6,000
marry them without the permission of the Bishop of Cebu.
hemp plants, 1,000 coconut trees and numerous fruit trees,
sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao were planted  When Mr. Taufer heard of their projected marriage, he
flared up a violent rage.
- He planned to establish an agricultural colony in Sitio  Mr. Taufer returned to Hong Kong alone and Josephine
Ponot because it was ideal for raising cacao, coffee, coconuts stayed in Manila with Rizal's family.
and cattle. However, this did not materialize due to lack of
support from the government.  Rizal and Josephine live happily in Dapitan.
 In early part of 1896, Josephine was expecting a baby
Rizal as Businessman
Rizal & The Katipunan
 Ramon Carreon
- a Dapitan merchant.  Andres Bonifacio the "great plebiean" was sowing the
- made profitable business ventures in fishing, copra seeds of an armed uprising.
and hemp industries  May 2, 1896 …………………………………………………………………..
 He invited his relatives particularly Saturnina and Dr. Pio Valenzuela sent as representative in a secret
Hidalgo to come to Mindanao. meeting of Katipunan held in the Little River called
 In a letter to Hidalgo, dated January 19, 1893, he Bitukang Manok, near town Pasig.
expressed his plan to improved the fishing industry in The aim of this secret meeting is to inform Rizal of the
Dapitan. plan of the Katipunan to Launch a revolution for freedom’s
sake.
 The most profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan
was in the Hemp Industry.  June 15
 May 14, 1893 Dr. Valenzuela left Manila on board the steamer
Rizal formed a business partnership with Ramon Venus.
Carreon in lime manufacturing  Raymundo Mata
To break Chinese monopoly on business in Dapitan, serves as a camouflaged to Valenzuela’s real mission
Rizal organized on January 1, 1895 the Cooperative  June 21, 1896
Association of Dapitan Farmers. Dr. Valenzuela arrived in Dapitan in the evening
 Rizal objected to Bonifacio's audacious project to plunge
Rizal Inventive Ability the country in bloody revolution.
 Rizal was also an inventor Volunteers as Military Doctor in Cuba
 He invented a cigarette lighter also called “sulpukan”
which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt  There was a shortage of physicians to minister to the
 During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal invented a machine needs of the Spanish troops and Cuban people.
for making bricks.  Acting upon Blumentritt's advice, Rizal wrote to the
Governor General Ramon Blanco on December 17, 1895.
My Retreat  July 17, 1896
 February 1895 A letter from Governor Blanco arrived in Dapitan,
Doña Teodora, with her eyesight fully restored, notifying him of the acceptance of his offer.
returned to Manila. The Song of the Traveler

 October 22, 1895  Rizal was glad receiving a good news from Malacanang
Rizal wrote a beautiful poem about his serene life as an  He felt free and once more he was going to travel to Erope
exile in Dapitan and send it to Doña Teodora and then to Cuba. Because of this thought he wrote the
poem entitled “The Song of the Traveler”
Rizal & Josephine Bracken
Adiòs, dapitan
 Aug. 28, 1893
The death of Leonora Rivera left a poignent void in  July 31, 1896
Rizal's heart. 4 year exile from Dapitan ended.
 Josephine Bracken, an Irish girl of sweet eighteen. She Midnight same day, embarked on board the Steamer
was born in Hong Kong on October 3, 1876 of Irish Espana.
parents James Bracken and Jane MacBride Accompanied by:
She was adopted by Mr. George Taufer, who later became - Josephine Bracken
blind - Narcisa
 No opthalmic specialist in Hong Kong could cure Mr. - Angelica (Narcisa’s Daughter)
Taufer blindness - 3 nephews & 6 pupils
 Rizal Misses Ship going to Spain
 Funeral March by Chopin
A farewell music as Rizal boarded the Steamer to  Aug. 6, 1896
Espana Espana arrived at the Manila Bay early morning
 When no longer see the dim shoreline, went to cabin & Unfortunately, Rizal was not able to catch the mail
wrote in his diary: ship, Isla de Luzon, because it had departed the previous
at 5 PM
“I have been in that district four years, thirteen days, and a
He wrote a letter to Blumentritt
few hours.”
Rizal was transferred to a Spanish cruiser, Castilla, by
the order of Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco
CHAPTER 23 He stayed there for a month (until Sept. 2) from
pending the availability of a Spain Bound Steamer
INTRODUCTION Outbreak of the Philippine Revolution
 No longer an exile, Rizal has a pleasant trip from While Rizal patiently waiting on the cruiser Castilla for
Dapitan to Manila. the next steamer to take him to Spain, portentous events
occurred, presaging the downfall of Spanish power in Asia.
Stopovers:
 Aug. 19, 1896
 Dumaguete Katipunan plot overthrow Spanish rule by means of
 Cebu revolution was discovered by Fray Mariano Gil
 Iloilo Augustinian cura of Tondo
 Capiz
 Romblon  Aug. 26, 1896
“Cry of Balintawak” which was raised by Bonifacio
He missed the steamer, Isla de Luzon, which sailed and his valiant Katipuneros in Pugad Lawin
to Spain the day before he arrived to Manila Bay.
 Aug. 30
From Dapitan to Manila The state of war was proclaimed in the eight provinces:
- Manila
 July 31, 1896 - Cavite
Leaving Dapitan, with Rizal and party on board sailed - Bulacan
northward - Batangas
 August 1 (Saturday) - Laguna
Anchored at Dumaguete Capital of Negros Occidental - Pampanga
- Nueva Ecija
 Dumaguete - Tarlac
Rizal visited a friend & former classmate, Herrero
Regidor, who was the judge of the province Rizal learned the battle through reading the newspaperon
Also visited other friends, including Pirequet and Castilla. Was worried for 2 reasons:
Fufina families.
1. The violent revolution which he sincerely believed to
be premature & would only cause much suffering &
 Cebu terrible loss of human lives and property
The Espana left Dumaguete about 1 PM & reached 2. Would arouse Spanish vengeance against all Filipino
Cebu the following morning. patriots.
Rizal was fascinated by the entrance to Cebu which
considered “beautiful” Departure for Spain
He met an old couple whom had known in Madrid.
 Aug. 30, 1896
 Iloilo The when the state of war was proclaimed, Rizal
August 3 (Monday) received 2 letters of the introduction from Gov. Gen.
Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo. Blanco:
Arrived at Iloilo, he went shopping in the city and 1. The Minister of War
visited ”Molo”, it was a church which he commented: “The 2. The Minister of Colonies with a covering letter which
church is pretty painted by a lad”. The Paintings are absolved him from all blame for raging revolution
mostly copies of biblical scenes by Gustave Dore
From Iloilo, the ship sailed to Capiz. After the brief  Sept. 2, 1896
stopover, it proceeded toward Manila. Before his departure for Spain, Rizal wrote to his
mother
 Sep. 2 (6PM) Arrival in Barcelona
Rizal was transferred to steamer Isla de Panay which
was sailing for Barcelona  Sept. 30 (6:25 PM)
 Sept. 3 Steamer anchored at Malta. Rizal confined to his
Steamer left Manila Bay cabin & was not able to visit the famous island-fortress of
the Christian crusaders
Rizal in Singapore
 Oct. 3 (10 AM)
 Sept. 7 Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona, with Rizal a
The Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore. The following prisoner on board. The trip from Manila to Barcelona
morning, Rizal & other passengers went ashore for lasted exactly 30 days.
sightseeing & shopping for souvenirs
 Gen. Eulogio Despujol
 Don Pedro with his son Ship captain of Rizal’s cabin
Disembarked at Singapore. He advised Rizal to stay
behind too and take advantage of the protection of the  Oct. 6 (3 AM)
British Law. Rizal did not heed his advice Rizal awakened by the guards & escorted to the grim &
infamous prison-fortress named Monjuich
 Don Manuel Camus & Several Filipno Residents of
Singapore  2 PM
Urged him to stay in Singapore to save his life. He also Taken out of prison by the guards & brought to the
ignored the appeal because he had given his word of honor headquarters of Gen. Despujol
to Gov. Gen. Blanco and he did not like to break it.
Victim of Spanish Duplicity  Oct. 6 (8 PM)
The ship left Barcelona, with Rizal on board
 By refusing to break his word of honor in Singapore,
Rizal sealed his own doom CHAPTER 24 INTRODUCTION
 For without his knowledge, Gov. Blanco was secretly
conspiring with the Ministers of War and the Colonies  The last in his life, was his saddest return to his
(ultramar) for his destruction beloved hometown.
 Great Hero & Genius that he was, Rizal proved to be a  He was not afraid of facing the supreme test.
gullible as Sultan Zaide another victim of Spanish  The trial was held shortly after his homecoming was
intrigue one of history’s mockeries of justice.
Rizal Arrested Before Reaching Barcelona

 Sept. 8, 1 PM A Martyr’s Last Homecoming

Isla de Panay, with Rizal onboard, left Singapore,
unaware of the Spanish duplicity particularly of Gov.  Oct. 6, 1896
Gen. Blanco’s infernal deceit, he happily continued the the day he left Barcelona
voyage towards Barcelona  He conscientiously recorded the events in his diary
 “The officer on duty-- seems amiable, refined and polite,
 Sept. 25 consistent with the seriousness of his duty”.
He saw the steamer Isla de Luzon, leaving the Suez  Oct. 8 1896-A friendly officer told Rizal that the Madrid
Canal crammed with Spanish troops newspapers were full of stories about the bloody
revolutions.
 Sept. 28  He wrote in his diary how he thanked God for giving him
A passenger told Rizal the bad news that he would be the chance to return in order to confront his slanderers and
arrested by order of Gov. Gen. Blanco to vindicate his name.
Realized he was fooled and so he wrote to his bestfriend
Blumentritt Confiscation of Rizal’s Diary

 The Spanish authorities were of course curious on what

 Sept. 30
Rizal’s diary were all about. They also have a suspicion that
Was officially notified by Capt. Alemany that he
Rizal will write something seditious or treasonable.
should stay in his cabin until further orders from Manila.
 Oct 11
He graciously complied with the capt.’s directive.
Before reaching Port, Rizal’s diary was taken away
and was critically scrutinized by the authorities.
 Nov. 2
The diary was returned to him.
Unsuccessful Rescue in Singapore. 6. A letter of Dimasalang
7. Letter to the Editor
 News of Rizal’s predicament reached his friends in Europe
and Singapore 8. A letter of Ildenfonso Laurel to Rizal
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez dispatched 9. A letter of Ildenfonso Laurel to Rizal
frantic telegrams to an English Lawyer in Singapore 10. A letter of Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Juan Zulueta
named Hugh Fort to rescue Rizal from the Spanish 11. Transcript of a speech of Pingkian
steamer when it reached in Singapore by means of a writ of 12. Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tik
habeas corpus. 13. A poem of Laong Laan
 When the Colon arrived in SG, Atty. Fort instituted the  After studying the papers, Pena submitted the ff
proceedings at the Singapore Court for the removal of Rizal
from the steamer. He said that Rizal was “illegally recommendation:
detained” on the Spanish steamer.
1. The accused be immediately brought to trial
 Unfortunately, Chief Justice Loinel Cox denied the writ on
the ground. 2. He should be kept in prison
 Rizal was unaware of the attempt made by his friends to 3. Order of attachment be issued against his
rescue him in Singapore because he was kept behind the property to the amount of 1 million pesos as indemnity.
bars in the ship. 4. He should be depended in court by an army
officer not a civilian lawyer.
Arrival in Manila

 Nov. 3 Rizal chooses his Defender

The Colon reached Manila.
 While Spanish community was exulting with joy, Rizal • Spanish authorities gave Rizal the right to choose his
defense counsel from the list submitted to him.
was quietly transferred under heavy guard from the ship to
• On December 8th, Feast Day of the Immaculate
Fort Santiago. Conception, a list of 100 first and second lieutenants in
 The Spanish authorities fished for evidence against Rizal. the Spanish Army was presented to Rizal.
 Many Filipino patriots were brutally tortured to implicate • Rizal chose Don Luis Taviel de Andrade, 1st Lieutenant
Rizal. of the Artillery.
 Rizal’s own brother Paciano was arrested and cruelly • Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade gladly accepted the task to
tortured. defend the accused.
 Paciano suffers from all the pain but he never signed any
damaging statement incriminating his younger brother. Reading of Information of charges to the Accused

Preliminary Investigation  On December 11th, information of charges was

formally read to Rizal.
 Nov. 20
The preliminary investigation began.
“The principal organizer and the living soul of the
 Rizal appeared before the judge advocate, Colonel Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies,
Francisco Olive. periodicals and books dedicated to fomenting and
 He was subjected to grueling five-day investigation propagating ideas of rebellion.”
 He was informed the charges against him.  On December 13th, the paper of Rizal was forwarded
 2 kinds of evidence were presented against Rizal to Malacañang Palace by Dominguez.
namely: documentary and testimonial; the  At the same day, General Polavieja became the
documentary evidence consisted of 15 exhibits: Governor General of the Philippines, succeeding
General Blanco.
1. A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce (OCT. 16,  The incident with the two generals was one of those
1888) showing Rizal’s connection with the Filipino intriguing “ifs” in history.
campaign in Spain
2. A letter of Rizal to his family Rizal’s Manifesto to his People
 On December 15th
3. A letter from Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Deodato Rizal wrote a manifesto to his people appealing to
Arellano them to stop the necessary shedding of blood and to
4. A poem entitled Kundiman achieve their liberties by means of education and
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver industry.
 Judge Advocate General Nicolas de la Peña
6. A masonic document
Recommended to Governor General Polavieja that the
7. A letter signed Dimasalang (Rizal’s pen name) manifesto be suppressed.
Rizal’s Saddest Christmas  Rizal then read a supplement to his defense to further
proved his innocence by twelve points:
 December 25th 1896
Rizal found himself alone and depressed in a dreary
prison cell. 1. He could not be guilty of rebellion, for he advised Dr. Pio
 Brooding over his hopeless case, he wrote a letter to Lt.
Valenzuela in Dapitan not to rise in revolution.
Taviel de Andrade. 2. He did not correspond with the radical, revolutionary
Fort Santiago, December 25, 1896 elements.

My Very Distinguished Defender: 3. The revolutionist used his name without his knowledge. If
he were guilty he could escaped in Singapore.
The Investigating Judge has informed me that
tomorrow my case will be heard before the court. I was waiting 4. If he had a hand in the revolution, he could have escaped in
for you this morning to tell you of an important matter, but a Moro vinta and would not have built a home, a hospital, and
undoubtedly the pressure of your work did not permit you to bought lands in Dapitan.
come as expected by Investigating Judge. If you have time, I 5. If he were the chief of the revolution, why was he not
should like to speak to you before I appear before the court; I consulted by the revolutionist?
shall be grateful if you come this afternoon, this evening, or
tomorrow. 6. It was true he wrote the by-laws of the Liga Filipina, but
this is only a civic association—not a revolutionary society.
Wishing you “Merry Christmas,” I reiterate, always
your attentive and affectionate servant and client. 7. The Liga Filipina did not live long, for after the first
meeting he was banished to Dapitan and it died out.
Jose Rizal
8. If the Liga was reorganized nine months later, he did not
The Trial of Rizal know about it.
 The trial of Rizal was an eloquent proof of Spanish 9. The Liga did not serve the purpose of the revolutionist,
injustice and misrule. otherwise they would not have supplanted it with the
Katipunan.
 His case was prejudged; he was considered guilty before
the actual trial. 10. If it were true that there were some bitter comments in
Rizal’s letter, it was because they were written in 1890 when
 At 8:00 A.M. - December 26, 1896 his family was being persecuted, being dispossessed of houses,
The court-martial of Rizal started in the military warehouses, lands, etc. and his brother and all his brothers-in-
building called Cuartel de España. law were deported.
 Present at the courtroom are: 11. His life in Dapitan had been exemplary as the politico-
Seven members of the military court military commanders and missionary priests could attest.
1. Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (President)
12. It was not true that the revolution was inspired by his one
2. Capt. Ricardo Muñoz Arias speech at the house of Doroteo Ongjunco, as alleged by
3. Capt. Manuel Reguera witnesses who he would like confront. His friends knew his
4. Capt. Santiago Izquiejerdo Osorio opposition to armed rebellion. Why did the Katipunan send
5. Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nuñez an emissary to Dapitan who was unknown to him? Because
6. Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano those who knew him were aware that he would never sanction
7. Capt. Fermin Perez Rodriguez any violent movement.
o Dr. Rizal (The accused)
o Lt. Taviel de Andrade (His defense counsel) Polavieja Signs Rizal’s Execution
o Capt. Rafael Dominguez (Judge Advocate)
o Lt. Enrique de Alcocer (Prosecuting Attorney)  On December 28th, Polavieja approved the decision of the
The spectators including court-martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00 in the
1. Josephine Bracken morning of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field.
2. Some newspapermen
For signing the fatal document ordering the execution of
3. Many Spaniards
Rizal, Governor General Polavieja won the eternal odium of
the Filipino people. He and other Spanish officials who were
 The trial was opened by Judge Advocate Dominguez
responsible for the death of Rizal will evermore remain as
 After him was Prosecuting Att. Dominguez obnoxious villains in the Philippine history.
 Then Defense Counsel Taviel de Andrade took the floor
 Santiago Matix (Spanish Journalist)
CHAPTER 24 INTRODUCTION came to interview Rizal for his newpaper El Heraldo de
Madrid
During his 24 hrs. on earth – From 6 AM, Dec.
29 to 6 AM Dec. 30, 1896 – He was busy meeting 12:00 PM to 3:30 PM
visitors and secretly finishing his farewell poem.
Which he called “Pearl of the Orient Sea” Rizal left alone in his cell and was busy writing his
farewell poem that he hid in an alcohol cooking stove. He also
wrote his letter to Prof. Blumentritt.
Last Hours of Rizal Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt:
6:00 AM – Dec. 29, 1896 My dear Brother:
Cap. Rafael Dominguez When you receive this letter, I shall be dead. Tomorrow at
Read the death sentence to Rizal (to be shot at the back seven, I shall be shot; but I am innocent of the crime of
by firing squad at 7:00 AM in Bagumbayan/Luneta) rebellion.
Gov. General Camilo Polavieja I am going to die with a tranquil conscience.
The one who designated the task to take charge of all
arrangements for the execution of the condemned prisoner Goodbye, my best, my dearest friend, and never think ill for
(Rizal) to Cap. Dominguez me.
7:00 AM Fort Santiago, December 29, 1896
Rizal was moved to the prison chapel, where he spent his ( ) Jose Rizal
last moments
People who visit were: Regards to the entire family, to Sra. Rosa, Loleng,
Conradito and Federico.
 Father Miguel Saderra Mata (Rector of Ateneo
Municipal) I am leaving a book for you as a last remembrance of mine.
Fr. Balaguer
 Father Luis Viza (Jesuit Teacher)
that time also Fr. Balguer returned to Fort Santiago and
7:15 AM discussed with Rizal about his retraction (accusation) of the
anti-Catholic ideas in his writings and membership in
Rector Saderra Masonry.
Reminded Fr. Viza of the statuette of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus (Chapter 4) 4:00 PM

8:00 AM People who visit Rizal during this time:

Fr. Antonio Rosell Teodora Alonzo (His Mother)

Arrived to take place for Fr. Viza They had a very emotional encounter.
Invited to join breakfast with Rizal
Trinidad (His Sister)
Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade (Rizal’s defense counsel) entered the cell to fetch their mother. As they were leaving
Came, Rizal thanked him for his gallant (brave) services Rizal gave to Trinidad the alcohol cooking stove, whispering
to her in English: “There is something inside”
9:00 AM
After the departure of His mother & Sister he still had visitors
Fr. Federico Faura coming such as:
Arrived and reminded him that he said to (Rizal) that
he would lose his head for writing the Noli. “Father, you are  Fr. Vilaclara
indeed a prophet”
 Fr. Estanislao March
10:00 AM
 Fr. Rosell
People who visited Rizal during this time:
6:00 pm
 Fr. Jose Vilaclara (Rizal’s teacher at the Ateneo) Rizal had new visitors like:

 Fr. Vicente Balaguer (Jesuit missionary in Dapitan  Don Silvino Lopez Tuñon (Dean of the Manila
who had befriended Rizal during the latter’s exile) Cathedral)
Fathers Balaguer and March left leaving Vilaclara with
Rizal and Don Silvino
8:00 PM  Rizal walked calmly with his defense council Lt. Luis
Taviel de Andrade and 2 Jesuit Priest, Father March and
Rizal had his last Supper. He informed Captain Villarica.
Dominguez who was with him that he forgave his enemies,
including the military judges who condemned him to death.  Rizal is wearing black suit, black derby hat, black shoes,
Rizal showed during this time that he is a magnanimous white shirt, and black tie
(forgiving) person.
 His arms were tied behind from elbow to elbow
9:30 PM
 Going through the Postigo Gate, Rizal looked at the sky
Don Gaspar Cestaño
and said to one of the priest: “How beautiful it is today,
Visited Rizal. Rizal being a gracious host, offered him
Father. What morning could be more serene! How clear is
the best chair in the cell. The fiscal left with good impression
Corregidor and the mountains of Cavite! On mornings like
of Rizal.
this, I used to take a walk with my sweetheart” and while
Rizal is indeed a solicitude (caring/shows concern for
walking in front of Ateneo he asked again the priest, “Is
someone or something) person.
that the Ateneo, Father?”
10:00 PM the night of Dec. 29th
 When they reach the Bagumbayan Field, there is a huge
The draft of the retraction letter sent by the anti –Filipino square formed by soldiers and Rizal stand between two
Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda was given by Fr. Balaguer lamp posts.
to Rizal for his signature. He had rejected it for a reason that:
Martyrdom of a Hero
 Too long
 Rizal bade farewell to Fathers March and Vilaclara and
 He did not like it to his defender, Lt. Luis Traviel de Andrade

Fr. Balaguer showed shorter retraction which was prepared by  One of the priest blessed and offered a crucifix to kiss.
Fr. Pio Pi, which was acceptable to Rizal. After making Rizal bowed and kissed it.
changes, Rizal wrote his retraction, which he abjured (belief)
Masonry and his religious ideas which were anti-Catholic.  Rizal had a request (watch the video next this slide)
This retraction is now controversial document.
 A Spanish military physician, Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo
3:00 AM – Dec. 30, 1896 asked a permission to feel Rizal’s pulse and it was
graciously granted. He was amazed to find Rizal’s pulse
Rizal heard Mass, confessed his sins, and took Holy normal.
Communion
The sharp command “Fire” was heard and the guns of the
5:30 AM firing squad barked. Rizal turned his bullet-riddle body to the
right, and fell on the ground dead. With face upward facing
Took his last breakfast on earth. After this he wrote a two
the morning sun.
letters, the 1st is addressed to his family and the 2nd to his older
brother Paciano.  Rizal died in the bloom of manhood at exactly 7:03 in the
During that time also, his wife Josephine Bracken, morning, age 35 years, 5 months and 11 days.
accompanied by a sister of Rizal (Josefa) arrived. They also  Rizal died as he said in his farewell poem, 3rd Stanza
had emotional encounter. Before she left, Rizal gave her a last
gift – a religious book, Imitation of Christ by Father Thomas “I die just when I see the dawn break,
a Kempis, which he autographed:
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;
“To my dear unhappy wife, Josephine
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
December 30th, 1896
Pour’d out at need for thy dear sake,
Jose Rizal”
To dye with its crimson, the walking ray”
6:00 AM
 14 years before execution Rizal predicted that he would
As soldiers getting ready for the death march to die on December 30th. It is written on his diary when he
Bagumbayan, Rizal wrote his last letter to his beloved parents, was still a medical student in Madrid, Spain.
as follows:
Aftermath of a Hero – Martyr’s Death
Death March to Bagumbayan
 Execution of Rizal presaged the foundation of an
 The death march started at 6:30 AM to Bagumbayan indeoendent nation. As Cecilio Apostol, greatest Filipino
where the execution took place. epic poet in Spanish, aptly rhapsodized:
 “Rest in peace in the shadows of oblivion,
Redeemer of a country in bondage!
In the mystery of the grave, do not cry,
Heed not the momentary triumoh of the Spaniard
Because if a bullet destroyed your cranium,
Likewise your idea destroyed an empire!”
 By his writings, Filipino’s nationalism awakened and
paved the way for the Philippine Revolution, he proved
that “the pen is mightier than the sword”.

 Rizal truly deserved history’s salute as the National Hero

of the Philippines