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    Describing Motion: Third Quarter Physics

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    Rose Ann Yamco
    The document summarizes key concepts related to motion in physics, including: 1) Definitions of speed, velocity, acceleration, and the formulas and units used to describe them. 2) How to interpret distance-time and speed-time graphs to determine if an object is speeding up, slowing down, or moving at constant speed. 3) Examples of calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration from given values and graphs.

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    Describing Motion: Third Quarter Physics

    Uploaded by

    Rose Ann Yamco
    346 views26 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts related to motion in physics, including: 1) Definitions of speed, velocity, acceleration, and the formulas and units used to describe them. 2) How to interpret distance-time and speed-time graphs to determine if an object is speeding up, slowing down, or moving at constant speed. 3) Examples of calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration from given values and graphs.

    Original Title

    02_G7_Motion_in_One_Dimension

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    The document summarizes key concepts related to motion in physics, including: 1) Definitions of speed, velocity, acceleration, and the formulas and units used to describe them. 2) How to interpret distance-time and speed-time graphs to determine if an object is speeding up, slowing down, or moving at constant speed. 3) Examples of calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration from given values and graphs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    346 views26 pages

    Describing Motion: Third Quarter Physics

    Uploaded by

    Rose Ann Yamco
    The document summarizes key concepts related to motion in physics, including: 1) Definitions of speed, velocity, acceleration, and the formulas and units used to describe them. 2) How to interpret distance-time and speed-time graphs to determine if an object is speeding up, slowing down, or moving at constant speed. 3) Examples of calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration from given values and graphs.

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    Describing

    Motion
    Third Quarter
    Physics
    Motion

    A change in position of an object


    with respect to a reference
    point.
    Distance vs Displacement
    Distance vs Displacement
    Cardinal and Ordinal Directions
    1. Speed (v)
    ﹡ Scalar quantity
    ﹡ distance covered by a body
    per unit of time
    ﹡ Rate of change in position
    ﹡ Units:
    Formulas for Speed
    Symbol Quantity Unit Formula
    𝐦
    𝒅
    V Speed 𝒔 v=
    (meter per second ) 𝒕
    Distance (Meter) 𝒅 = 𝐯𝐭
    𝒅
    Time (Seconds) 𝒕=
    𝒗
    Sample Problem
    If a bus travels 100 km in 2 hours, what
    is its speed?
    Given: = 100 km, = 2 hours
    Required: v
    Equation: 𝑣=
    𝑑
    𝑡
    100 𝑘𝑚
    Solution: 𝑣 =
    2 ℎ𝑟𝑠
    Answer: v = 50
    Sample Problem
    Convert the value of speed, 50

    Given: 50
    Required: v

    𝑘𝑚 1000 𝑚 1 ℎ𝑟 𝑚
    Solution: 50 ℎ𝑟 1 𝑘𝑚 3600 𝑠
    = 13.89 𝑠
    Answer: v = 13.89
    Constant and Changing Speed

    A. Instantaneous Speed
    ﹡ The speed at any instant

    B. Constant Speed
    ﹡ The speed at which the same
    distance is traveled each second
    Average Speed (vave)

    ﹡ The average of all instantaneous


    speeds, solved by distance/ time
    ratio
    ﹡ Formula:
    𝒅𝑻 𝑽𝒇 + 𝑽𝒊
    𝒗𝒂𝒗𝒆 = , 𝒗𝒂𝒗𝒆 =
    𝒕𝑻 𝟐
    Solve For It

    A man walks 7 km in 2
    hours and 2 km in 1 hour
    in the same direction.
    What is the man's
    average speed for the
    whole journey?
    2. Velocity (𝑣 ̅)
    ﹡ The displacement covered by a
    body per unit of time
    ﹡ Formula:
    𝑑ҧ
    𝑣ҧ =
    𝑡
    ﹡ Units:
    A. Average Velocity
    ﹡ The average of all velocity,
    solved by displacement/ time ratio
    ﹡ Formula:
    𝑑ҧ 𝑇
    𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒
    ҧ =
    𝑡
    B. Constant Velocity
    ﹡ Both speed and direction must be
    constant
    ﹡ Constant speed -motion of a body
    remains the same or does not
    change
    ﹡ Constant direction -the body
    moves along a straight line or
    one direction and does not curve
    3. Acceleration

    ﹡ Vector quantity
    ﹡ Rate at which a body

    changes its velocity


    ﹡ Units:
    Formulas for acceleration
    Symbol Quantity Unit Formula
    𝐦 𝒗 𝒇 − 𝒗𝒊
    2 (meter per second squared) a=
    𝐬 𝒕
    𝐦 𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒂𝒕
    (meter per second)
    𝒔 𝒗𝒊 = 𝒗𝒇 − 𝒂𝒕
    𝒗 𝒇 − 𝒗𝒊
    (Seconds) t=
    𝒂
    Conditions for Acceleration:

    1. Constant speed and


    changes direction
    2. Changes speed and
    constant direction
    3. Both speed and directions
    changed
    Sample Problem:
    What is the acceleration of a
    motorcyclist if his speed increases
    from 5 to 7 in 4 s?
    Given: vi = 5 , vf = 7 ,t=4s
    Required: Acceleration in
    Equation: Solution:

    Answer:
    Solve For It

    A car traveling at 45
    km/hr south passes
    another car accelerating
    to 60 km/hr south in 5
    seconds. What was the
    car’s acceleration?
    Interpreting Distance-Time (Speed) Graph
    Interpreting Speed-Time
    (Acceleration) Graph
    Comparing Motion Graphs
    Motion Distance – Time graph (d-t) Speed – Time graph (v-t)
    Speeding up Positively curved Positive slanting slope

    Slowing down Negatively curved Negative slanting slope

    Uniform speed Positive slanting slope Nonzero horizontal line

    At rest Horizontal line Zero horizontal line


    Sample Problem:
    The speed/velocity-time graph shows the
    motion of a cart at 8 s. Describe the motion
    of the cart between:
    a. 0 and A
    b. A and B
    c. B and C
    5

    Velocity (m/s)
    4
    3 A B
    2
    1 C
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    Time (s)
    Answer
    a. The cart has constant
    acceleration (speeds 5
    up) between 0 and A.

    Velocity (m/s)
    4
    b. The cart is traveling 3 A B
    at constant speed
    between A and B. 2

    c. The cart has a 1 C


    constant deceleration
    (slows down) between B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    and C. Time
    (s)

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