Wikipedia Telangana
Wikipedia Telangana
Wikipedia Telangana
Telangana
Telangana
తెలంగాణ
— region —
Coordinates
Country India
Population 30987271 (2001)
• Density 2
• 270 /km (699 /sq mi)
Telangana (Telugu: తెలంగాణ,Urdu: اناگنلیت, Hindi: तेलंगाना ) is a region in Andhra Pradesh, India. The region
borders the states of Maharashtra on the north-west, Karnataka on the west, Chattisgarh on the north-east, Orissa on
the east, the Coastal Andhra region on the east and the Rayalaseema region on the south. Coastal Andhra and
Rayalaseema were part of the former Andhra state which was merged with Telangana to form the current state of
Andhra Pradesh in 1956. The region has an area of 114840 square kilometres (44340 sq mi), and a population of
30,987,271 [1] per the 2001 census. The region lies on the Deccan plateau to the west of the Eastern Ghats range, and
includes the northwestern interior districts of the Andhra Pradesh state. Telangana region has 10 districts: Adilabad,
Hyderabad, Khammam, Karimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Rangareddy, and Warangal. The
Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the region from west to east. Of the 34 districts in India which face acute
farm distress, nine are in Telangana.[2] [3] [4] In 2006, of the 31 districts identified in four states for the Prime
Minster's package for watershed development projects, nine are in Telangana region and eight are in other parts of
Andhra Pradesh.[5] [6] On December 9, 2009, the Government of India announced that the process for the formation
of Telangana state would be considered upon introduction and passage of a separation statement by the state
assembly of Andhra Pradesh.[7] [8] [9] The Government of India constituted a five-member committee headed by
Telangana 2
Justice B. N. Srikrishna to study the feasibility of a separate Telangana state within the Indian Union.[10]
History
In Treta Yuga, it is believed that Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana arrived in
Telengana from Dandakaranya (present-day southern Chhattisgarh).
They initially came to Karimnagar district and lived in places like the
Ramagiri hills and Illantha Kunta village. They then moved along the
Godavari River spent their lives in exile at Parnashala, which is about
25 kilometres (16 mi) from Bhadrachalam in Khammam District.
Telangana came under the Muslim rule of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, followed by Bahmanis, Qutb
Shahis, and the Mughals. As the Mughal Empire began to disintegrate in the early 18th century, the Muslim Asafjahi
dynasty established a separate state known as Hyderabad. Later, Hyderabad entered into a treaty of subsidiary
alliance with the British Empire, and was the largest and most populous princely state in India. Telangana was never
under direct British rule, unlike the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, which were part of
British India's Madras Presidency.
Telangana 3
Telangana Rebellion
The Telangana Rebellion was a peasant revolt which was later
supported by the Communists. It took place in the former princely state
of Hyderabad between 1946 and 1951. This was led by the Communist
Party of India.[11]
The revolt began in the Nalgonda district and quickly spread to the
Warangal and Bidar districts. Peasant farmers and labourers revolted
against the local feudal landlords (jagirdars and deshmukhs) and later
against the Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII. The initial aims were to do
away with illegal and excessive exploitation meted out by these feudal
lords in the name of bonded labour (Vetti Chakiri). The most strident
demand was for all debts of the peasants to be written off.[12] [13]
The violent phase of the movement ended after the central government sent in the army. Starting in 1951, the CPI
shifted to a more moderate strategy of seeking to bring communism to India within the constraints of Indian
democracy.[16]
In 1937, Time magazine said Hyderabad state was the richest native state in India. [17]
Post-independence
When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad wanted Hyderabad State
to remain independent under the special provisions given to princely states. Rebellion had started throughout the
state against the Nizam's rule and his army, known as the Razakars. The Razakars, led by their chief, Qasim Razvi,
massacred many people and rebels to suppress the movement. They destroyed many temples and monuments across
the state. Mass assassinations, similar to Jallianwala Bagh massacre, took place through out the state. The
Government of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948, in an operation by the Indian Army called
Operation Polo. When India became independent, Telugu-speaking people were distributed in about 22 districts, 9 of
them in the former Nizam's dominions of the princely state of Hyderabad, 12 in the Madras Presidency (Andhra
region), and one in French-controlled Yanam.
The Central Government appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi, as First Chief Minister of Hyderabad state on 26
January 1950. He administered the state with the help of bureaucrats from Madras state and Bombay state. In 1952,
Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State in the first democratic election. During
this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and to
strictly implement rule by natives of Hyderabad.[18]
Meanwhile, Telugu-speaking areas in the Andhra region were carved out of the erstwhile Madras state by leaders
like Potti Sri Ramulu to create Andhra State in 1953, with Kurnool as its capital.[19] [20] [21]
Telangana 4
reached by all parties. [76] Rallies, hunger strikes, and suicides continued throughout Telangana to protest against the
delay in bifurcating the State.[77] The all-party Telangana Joint Action Committee (JAC) started relay hunger strikes
and threatened the resignations of all legislators on 28 January, demanding that the Centre spell out its intentions and
create a timetable for change.[78] On 3 February the government announced the five-member Srikrishna committee
on Telangana that would look into the issue,[79] with a deadline of 31 December 2010.
Geography
Telangana is situated in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of
the Indian Peninsula. Of the three regions of the state of Andhra
Pradesh,[88] Telangana has the largest area, with 114800 square
kilometres (44300 sq mi). The Deccan plateau is drained by two major
rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna. 69% of the Krishna River and
79% of the Godavari River catchment area is in Telangana. Tthere are
other rivers such as Manair, Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera,
Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, and Peddavagu and Taliperu.
The area is divided into two main regions, the Eastern Ghats and the
peneplains. The surface is dotted with low depressions. The region has
very valuable coal mines in Ramagundam.
Telangana region marked in white within the
state of Andhra Pradesh
Natural resources
45% of the forested area in the state is in Telangana region, spread across five districts. 20% of the coal deposits in
the country is in Telangana region. The Singareni Collieries Company excavates coal for industrial purposes and for
thermal power stations. The power generated is supplied to to the entire of South India. There are limestone deposits
in the region, which cater to cement factories. Telangana has other resources such as bauxite and mica.
Demography
9 out of 10 districts in the Telangana region are recognized by the Government of India as backward. The only
exception is Hyderabad district. According to the Backward Regions Grant Fund 2009–10, 13 such districts are
located in Andhra Pradesh; 9 are from Telangana and the rest are from other regions.[89] [90] [91] Telangana(inc.
Hyderabad) has 86% Hindu, 12.4% Muslim, and 1.2% Christian population. Hyderabad city has 55.4% Hindu,
41.2% Muslim , 2.4% Christian population. Telangana districts outside of Hyderabad district have 8.4% of the
Muslim population.[92] [93]
Telangana 7
More than 90% of Telangana people speak the Telangana dialect of Telugu, which is primarily Telugu with Urdu
influences. About 11% of Telangana people speak Hyderabadi Urdu. Urdu speakers are mostly Muslims, though
people of other ethnicities also use Urdu for day-to-day life.[94] [95] Hindi is spoken by people from other states of
North India and Central India like Gujarat and Maharashtra. Kannada and Marathi are also spoken. Telugu, Urdu,
and English are the official languages of the region.
Festivals
Bonalu, Bathukamma, Diwali, Dassera, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha,
Christmas and Ugadi are prominent festivals in Telangana. Other
festivals of Hindus and Muslims such as Holi, Raksha Bandhan, and
Moharram are also celebrated with equal enthusiasm as in rest of India.
The national festival Sankranti is celebrated at the beginning of harvest
season, on 14 January every year. Bathukamma and Bonalu are
regional festivals of Telangana.
References
[1] Official Govt of India Website, Office of the Registrar general&Census
Commissioner India (One may need to Register&Login to get this district-wise data)
(http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ Census_Data_2001/ Census_Data_Online/
Population/ Total_Population. aspx) Hyderabadi biryani
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Telangana 8
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Telangana 9
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[59] BBC News (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ south_asia/ 8417755. stm)
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[65] Government forcibly administers saline to end KCR's fast (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 01/ stories/ 2009120150220100. htm)
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[67] OU turns hotspot of students’ angst (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 03/ stories/ 2009120358790300. htm)
[68] Colleges in Telangana closed for 15 days (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 04/ stories/ 2009120452980400. htm)
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Telangana 10
External links
• Demand for Telangana State: genuine and justified., Vijaya Bhaskar, 2010 (http://thecompassionateindian.
blogspot.com/2010_04_01_archive.html)
• Official history of AP on AP Government website (http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick links/hist-cult/
history_post.html)
• Telangana movement article in US Library of Congress (http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/
cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0075))
• Committee on Telangana surpluses – 1969 Report by Justice Bhargava (http://books.google.com/
books?id=mISVwxcF5asC&ots=knn_jTsLVn&pg=PA175)
• Telangana Information Task Force – by rashu (http://www.etelangana.org/).
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Article Sources and Contributors 11
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