Loilo ST., Zone 5, Bulan, Sorsogon S.Y. 2020-2021

A.G. Villaroya Technological Foundation Institute, Inc.
Loilo St., Zone 5, Bulan, Sorsogon

S.Y. 2020-2021
NAME: DATE:
GR.LVL/SECTION: SCORE:
TEACHER: MR. DENVER D. HERMOCILLA CONTACT NO.: 09071214566
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

WEEK 4 – LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
CONTENT STANDARD The learners demonstrate understanding of various elements that may be exposed
to hazards: 1. Physical, 2. Social, 3. Economical, 4. Environmental, and vulnerability
of each elements.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learners conduct hazard hunts of exposed elements and propose
corresponding corrective action for one's preparedness
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements expose to specific hazards
COMPETENCIES (DRR11/12-Ic-12)
Differentiate among hazard, exposure, and vulnerablities and explain the relation
of the three to disaster risk (DRR11/12-Id-13
What is Natural Hazard Risk?
Risk can be hard to see in the world around us. Sometimes it might look like a wobbly ladder or ice on the sidewalk.
When it comes to disasters, risk is often invisible on a day-to-day basis. Walking around the neighborhood, it’s hard for
the untrained eye to see where a flood might happen, or identify what could get damaged during an earthquake.
Risk is a combination of three components: hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Data from each of these categories can
be used to paint a picture of risk in a certain location and over time.
Hazard – a potentially destructive physical phenomenon (e.g., an earthquake, a windstorm, a flood). Common natural
hazards include floods, volcanic eruptions,, hurricanes, drought, tsunami, landslides, and more.
Exposure – the location, attributes, and value of assets that are important to communities (people, buildings, factories,
farmland, etc.) and that could be affected by a hazard.
Vulnerability – the likelihood that assets will be damaged/destroyed/affected when exposed to a hazard. For example, a
building with multiple floors may be more vulnerable to shaking from an earthquake and more likely to collapse than a
one-story building. Another example, an elderly person may be more vulnerable to the impacts of flooding because s/he
has a harder time evacuating or moving quickly.
The risk from a natural hazard is determined by the combined understanding of three components:
•hazard: how big and how often?
•exposure: what elements are at risk (people, buildings, infrastructure, agriculture etc.)?
•vulnerability: how does each exposed element respond to the level of hazard?
Estimating risk is an uncertain science as it involves forecasting events for which the time and location might be largely
unknown. This uncertainty is captured mathematically by the concept of probability.
Reducing risk can only be achieved by decreasing the contribution from one or more of these three components.
Examples of risk reduction or managing the risk in these components are:
•hazard: building a flood levee to alter the course of flood events
•exposure: land-use planning decisions to ensure that new development is not exposed to hazard events, or influencing
the type of development
•vulnerability: retrofitting older buildings that were built to lower building standards or before building codes were
enforced.
Hazard
A hazard is a natural or man-made event that has the potential to cause impacts to people, buildings, infrastructure,
agriculture, environmental assets and communities.
Geoscience Australia develops data and information for bushfire, earthquake, flood, nuclear explosions, severe wind
(e.g., from a tropical cyclone), tsunami, volcano, coastal erosion and blasts.
How do we model hazard?
Hazard modelling helps us understand a hazard's intensity (or magnitude), frequency and source. It is typically
underpinned by mathematical models that describe the propagation of the hazard across the landscape.
Without knowledge of the past, we cannot predict what might happen in the future. Historical catalogues are used to
understand the frequency of hazard events. They help us develop synthetic event sets that represent, for example, up to
10 000 years of events. This allows us to understand what might be possible in the future and to prepare for events that
we have not seen in our lifetime. For rarer hazards such as earthquakes, palaeoseismological investigations play a critical
role in identifying and characterising individual pre-historic events that make up the neotectonic record.
Probabilistic hazard modelling considers the full synthetic event set, whereas scenario modelling considers a single event
(which could be taken from the synthetic set, or based on an historical event).
Exposure
Exposure refers to the elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event. This could include: individuals;
dwellings or households and communities; buildings and structures; public facilities and infrastructure assets;
agricultural commodities; environmental assets; and business activity. Exposure information is about the location and
characteristics, or attributes, of each of the elements and is therefore about what is at risk. This information feeds into a
natural hazard risk analysis to identify what elements at risk are in the location, and enough information about each of
the elements to help understand how they are likely to behave when subjected to natural and artificial hazards.
Understanding what is exposed to a hazard event through readily available, comprehensive and consistent national
exposure information allows the Australian Government, state and territory jurisdictions and emergency management
and planning agencies to make informed, evidence-based decisions to prepare, respond and recover from any events.
Vulnerability
Vulnerability to natural hazards is an integral factor in understanding the true extent of risk. Although there is no single
definition for vulnerability, it generally refers to the impact a hazard has on people, infrastructure and the economy. This
is, it asks how large an effect does a hazard of a certain severity have on a particular element at risk? Vulnerability can
be divided into four main areas: physical, social, economic and system-depending on the class of elements at risk being
considered.
ASSESSMENT
Read and understand the following questions carefully. Explain your answer in not more than 5 sentences.
1. How will you differentiate hazard, exposure and vulnerablities?
2. How hazard, exposure, and vulnerablity related to disaster risk?
3. How disaster risk affects your community?
REFERENCES
https://understandrisk.org/vizrisk/what-is-risk/
https://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/community-safety/risk-and-impact

Loilo ST., Zone 5, Bulan, Sorsogon S.Y. 2020-2021

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A.G. Villaroya Technological Foundation Institute, Inc.

Loilo St., Zone 5, Bulan, Sorsogon

DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

What is Natural Hazard Risk?

•hazard: how big and how often?

•hazard: building a flood levee to alter the course of flood events

How do we model hazard?

1. How will you differentiate hazard, exposure and vulnerablities?

2. How hazard, exposure, and vulnerablity related to disaster risk?

3. How disaster risk affects your community?

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