LTE Power Control

For internal use only!!!
LTE Power Control
Dariusz Tomeczko
Network Engineering
NWS NetEng GSM & LTE Migration
March 2012
For internal use only

1 © Nokia Siemens Netw orks LTE Pow er Control/ Netw ork Engineering
LTE Power Control
Contents
▪ Introduction to LTE Power Control

▪ UL Power Control
▪ Principles
▪ UL open loop PC part
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ UL closed loop PC part
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ DL Power Control
▪ Settings
▪ DL Power Control for PUCCH
Introduction to Power Control in LTE
UPLINK DOWNLINK
• Open Loop Power Control • General rule: fixed PSD1), semi-static
UE Tx output power is basically eNB Tx power is fixed among available frequency resources.
controlled with P0, alpha parameters Basic configuration is characterized by flat Power Spectral
which determine target eNB Rx Density – all subcarriers are transmitted with the same power;
sensitivity and path loss compensation total Tx power is maximum when all PRBs are scheduled
weight respectively. On top, PDCCH Power Control could be applied to distribute the
Release: RL10/RL15TD onwards power between users to achieve higher number of UEs
satisfying PDCCH PC BLER target
Release: RL10/RL15TD onwards
• Closed Loop Power Control
Algorithm is improved with SINR/RSSI •Control channel power boosting
matrix which is taken into account when
deciding about correction component for Offsets determine power shifts for subcarriers which carry
PC equation. PCFICH/PHICH or cell-specific Reference Signal. Offsets are
usually defined in relation to other OFDM symbols.
• PDSCH power boosting

If there is still Tx power availale and it is not needed for other
resources, it can be used to boost allocated PDSCH resources.
Release: RL60
1) This is not true for 2Tx antennas and MIMO_COMP=3dB

LTE Power Control
Contents

▪ Principles
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ Settings
▪ DL Power Control for PDCCH
UL Power Control – Principles
WCDMA vs. LTE
•General aim of power control is to find the balance between power needed
for the given transmission to achieve satisfactory performance of this
connection and level of interferences to other users.
• Simultaneously, battery consumption on the UE side needs to be addressed as
well
• In WCDMA UL is non-orthogonal and there is a strong need to cope with
intra-cell interferences
• This is not the case in LTE UL where the main source of interferences are
inter-cell interferences

5 © Nokia Siemens Netw orks LTE Pow er Control/.Netw ork Engineering
PSD vs. Tx Power
• Power control does not control the absolute UE Tx power but the Power
Spectral Density (PSD) for a device.
• The PSDs at the eNodeB from different users have to be close to each
other so the receiver does not work over a large range of powers.
• Primary means of controlling the bit rate in LTE is to adapt the MCS and
transmission bandwidth and not the Tx power
• Different data rates mean different Tx bandwidths so the absolute Tx
power of the UE will also change. PC makes that the PSD is constant
independently of the Tx bandwidth.

Closed and Open Loop PC in LTE UL
• Pathloss and shadowing conditions are addressed by coarse power control

i.e. Open Loop Power Control
• Around the PSD operating point set by the Open Loop Power Control, fast
Closed Loop Power Control adjusts the power to fine tune the final power
settings used by the UE and to address e.g. fast fading effects
• However, there is no need to make the Closed Loop PC as fast as in WCDMA
Power per resource block = basic open-loop operating point + dynamic offset
If there is a feedback from
UE controls the Tx power to keep If no feedback from eNodeB (in eNodeB the UE corrects the
the transmitted power spectral the PDCCH UL PC command) PSD when receiving PC
density (PSD) constant the UE performs open loop PC commands from eNodeB (in
independent of the allocated based on path loss the PDCCH UL PC
transmit bandwidth (#PRBs) measurements command)
PC commands (up and
Power Control is performed for each UE separately and down) based on UL quality
there is an independent Power Control for PUSCH and and signal level
PUCCH measurements

LTE Power Control
Contents

▪ Principles
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ Settings
UL Power Control for PUSCH
PPUSCH (i) :PUSCH Power in subframe i
Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)
PPUSCH (i ) = min {PCMAX ,10 log10 ( M PUSCH (i )) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) +  ( j )  PL +  TF (i ) + f (i )} dBm

max. number of PUSCH MCS Outcome
Pathloss
allowed UE scheduled Operating Pathloss dependent of Closed
compensation
power RBs point factor Loop PC

PPUSCH (i ) = min {PCMAX ,10 log 10 ( M PUSCH (i )) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) +  ( j )  PL +  TF (i ) + f (i )} dBm

Pathloss
compensation
Maximum allowed UE power (23 dBm for class 3)


Pathloss
compensation
Number of scheduled RBs (known from the scheduling grant)

(The UE Tx Power increases proportionally to # of PRBs)


Pathloss
compensation
• PO_PUSCH(j) = PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH(j) + PO_UE_PUSCH(j) Random access: j=2

• j = 0 -> PUSCH transmission with semi-persistent grant (not in RL30) PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH(2):
• j = 1 -> PUSCH transmission with dynamic scheduling PO_PRE +  Preamble_Msg3
PO_UE_PUSCH(2) = 0
• j = 2 -> PUSCH transmission for random access
cell specific component UE specific component LNCEL: ulpcIniPrePwr (Preamble initial received
signalled from system provided by higher target power)
information for j = 0, 1 layers (RRC) for j = 0, 1 Range: 0 (-120 dBm), ... ,15 (-90 dBm), step 2 dBm
Default: 8 (-104 dBm); GMC: -104 dBm
LNCEL:p0NomPusch LNCEL:p0UePusch (Power
(Nominal power for UE offset for UE PUSCH TX power LNCEL: deltaPreMsg3 (Delta preamble random
PUSCH TX power calculation) calculation) access message 3)
Range: -126...24 dBm, step 1 Range: -8...7 dB, step 1 dB Range: -1 (-2 dB), ... 6 (12 dB), step 1 (2 dB)
dBm Default: 0 dB; GMC: 0 Default: 1 (0 dB); GMC: 1
Default: -106 dBm ; GMC: -106 VENDOR PARAMETER (HIDDEN)

Pathloss
compensation
pathloss [dB] = referenceSignalPower – higher layer filtered RSRP

RSRP calculation for
pathloss calculation is LNCEL: filterCoeff (Filter coefficient)
done in accordance with Range: 0 (fc0), 1 (fc1), 2 (fc2), 3 (fc3), 4 (fc4), 5 (fc5), 6 (fc6), 7 (fc7), 8 (fc8), 9
filter coefficient (fc9), 10 (fc11), 11 (fc13), 12 (fc15), 13 (fc17), 14 (fc19)
Default: 4 (fc4); GMC: fc4
LNCEL: ulpcAlpha (Alpha)

Path loss compensation factor is adjustable by O&M. Range: 0 (alpha 0), 1 (alpha 0.4), 2
(alpha 0.5), 3 (alpha 0.6), 4 (alpha 0.7), 5
α is a cell – specific parameter (alpha 0.8), 6 (alpha 0.9), 7 (alpha 1)
Default: 7 (alpha 1); GMC: alpha 1
α  [0.0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0] Random access grant: j=2
 (2) = 1 (i.e. full PL compensation)
Partial compensation Full compensation (conventional
No compensation
Pathloss is only partially compensated to Power Control)
For internal use only reduce inter-cell interferences Pathloss is fully compensated

Pathloss
compensation
TF (i ) = 10 log10 (2 MPRK s − 1) for K S = 1.25 LNCEL: deltaTfEnabled (Enabled TB size impact
to UE PUSCH power calculation)
Range: 0 (false), 1 (true)
0 otherwise Default: 0 (false); GMC: false
MPR = TBS/NRE with NRE: number of RE, TBS = Transport Block Size
• Could be seen as dynamic offset of the TX power: when the BTS changes the MCS for the
UE then the UE indirectly may adapt the power
• Increase the power if the Transport Format (MCS, TBS size, Number of Resource Blocks) it
is so selected to increase the number of bits per Resource Element
• This recalculation could be disabled
LTE Power Control
Contents

▪ Principles
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ Settings
UL Power Control for PUCCH
PPUCCH (i) :PUCCH Power in subframe i
PPUCCH (i ) = min{ PMAX , P0_PUCCH + PL + h(nCQI , nHARQ ) +  F_PUCCH ( F ) + g (i )} dBm

max. PUCCH Compensation factor Outcome
allowed UE operating Pathloss PUCCH format
for various PUCCH of Closed
power point dependent part
formats Loop PC


formats Loop PC
Maximum allowed UE power (23 dBm for class 3)


formats Loop PC
• PO_PUCCH = PO_NOMINAL_PUCCH + PO_UE_PUCCH

cell specific component
UE specific component
signalled from system
provided by higher layers
information
LNCEL:p0NomPucch (Nominal power LNCEL:p0UePucch (Power offset for

for UE PUCCH TX power calculation) UE PUCCH TX power calculation)
Range: -127...-96 dBm, step 1 dBm
Range: -8...7 dB, step 1 dB
Default: -100 dBm ; GMC: -100
Default: 0 dB; GMC: 0
VENDOR PARAMETER (HIDDEN)


formats Loop PC
Always full pathloss compensation (α = 1)


formats Loop PC
• For PUCCH format 1,1a and 1b (

h nCQI , n HARQ = 0 )
  nCQI 
• 10 log10   if nCQI  4
For PUCCH format 2, 2a, 2b
and normal cyclic prefix
(
h nCQI , n HARQ ) =
 4


0
 otherwise
• For PUCCH format 2 and   nCQI + n HARQ 

10 log10   if nCQI + n HARQ  4
extended cyclic prefix h n ( CQI , n HARQ ) =
 4 

0
 otherwise
n: number of information bits

formats Loop PC
Name Abbreviation Range Description Default GMC
LNCEL:DeltaF PUCCH list dFListPucch n/a SEQUENCE (see below) n/a
UL power offset for

DeltaF PUCCH Format 1 dFpucchF1 0 (-2 dB), 1 (0 dB), 2 (2 dB) 1 (0 dB) 0
PUCCH format 1
UL power offset for
DeltaF PUCCH Format 1b dFpucchF1b 0 (1 dB), 1 (3 dB), 2 (5 dB) 0 (1 dB) 1
PUCCH format 1b
0 (-2 dB) , 1 (0 dB), 2 (1 UL power offset for
DeltaF PUCCH Format 2 dFpucchF2 1 (0 dB) 0
dB), 3 (2 dB) PUCCH format 2
UL power offset for
DeltaF PUCCH Format 2a dFpucchF2a 0 (-2 dB), 1 (0 dB), 2 (2 dB) 1 (0 dB) 0
PUCCH format 2a
UL power offset for
DeltaF PUCCH Format 2b dFpucchF2b 0 (-2 dB), 1 (0 dB), 2 (2 dB) 1 (0 dB) 0
PUCCH format 2b

LTE Power Control
Contents

▪ Principles
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ Settings
UL Power Control for SRS
PSRS (i ) = min{PCMAX , PSRS_OFFSET + 10 log10 ( M SRS ) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) +  ( j )  PL + f (i )}
max. PUSCH Outcome

BW for Pathloss
allowed UE Offset Operating Pathloss of Closed
SRS compensation
power point Loop PC
LNCEL: srsPwrOffset (Power offset for SRS transmission power calculation)

Range: 0..15, step 1
Default: 7; GMC: 7
Note: For deltaTfEnabled = 'true' (-> KS = 1.25) the actual parameter value is "srsPwrOffset-3"
corresponding to the dB-range of -3 dB to 12 dB in steps of 1 dB. For deltaTfEnabled = 'false' (-> KS = 0)
the actual parameter value is "-10.5 + 1.5 * srsPwrOffset" value corresponding to the dB-range -10.5 dB to
12 dB in steps of 1.5 dB

LTE Power Control
Contents

▪ Principles
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ Settings
Performance of Open Loop UL Power Control
Influence of alpha and P0 on mean cell throughput and
instantaneous user throughput:
Results from: Navin Hathiramani, Lorena Serna, LTE Optimization Guidelines

Performance of Open Loop UL Power Control
Influence of alpha and P0 on perceived UE throughput:

LTE Power Control
Contents

▪ Principles
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ Settings
Closed Loop UL Power Control
Calculation of RSSI and
SINR on UE basis Sequence of steps that is followed once Closed Loop UL
Power Control is enabled
Transformation into
independent format LNCEL:ulpcEnable (Enable closed loop uplink
power control)
Default: 0 (false); GMC: true
Clipping
Weighting
Long-term
filtering/averaging
Decision matrix
Commanding
PUCCH/PUSCH delta
values to the UE
Calculation of RSSI and Average received RSSI per UE per TTI is calculated
SINR on UE basis separately for:
- PUSCH/PUCCH/SRS
Transformation into for all PRBs allocated to the UE
independent format
Average received SINR per UE per TTI is calculated
Clipping separately for:
- PUSCH/PUCCH/SRS for all PRBs allocated to the
UE
Weighting - PUSCH/PUCCH for all PRBs that possibly could be
allocated to the UE for this channel
Long-term It is possible to exclude PUSCH/PUCCH from the

filtering/averaging calculation process
LNCEL:ulpcPuschEn (Include PUSCH LNCEL:ulpcPucchEn (Include PUCCH

Decision matrix measurements in CL power control) measurements in CL power control)
Range: 0 (false), 1 (true) Range: 0 (false), 1 (true)
Default: 1 (true); GMC: true Default: 1 (true); GMC: true
Commanding
PUCCH/PUSCH delta
values to the UE
SINR on UE basis All UE/TF specific factors are subtracted i.e.:
•  TF
Transformation into
•  PF_PUCCH
independent format
• h(n)
• PO_UE_PUSCH
Clipping • PO_UE_PUCCH
from corresponding RSSI/SINR values on TTI
basis to:
Weighting
-reduce the number of PC windows for different
transport formats to one, hence transport format
Long-term independent processing of the quality and level
filtering/averaging
measurements shall be applied,
-normalize a UE specific power offset
Decision matrix
Commanding
PUCCH/PUSCH delta
values to the UE
Clipping process is applied in the following way:
SINR on UE basis
Transformation into Averaged received level per TTI per UE:

independent format RSSI *** := min(max(RSSI min,RSSI***)RSSImax)
*** PUSCH/UE, PUCCH/UE, SRS/UE
Clipping LNBTS: ulpcRssiMax (Upper limit for RSSI value in CL power control)
Range: -127 dBm, .., 0 dB, step 1 Default: 0 dBm; GMC: 0 VENDOR SPECIFIC
LNBTS: ulpcRssiMin (Lower limit for RSSI value in CL power control)

Range: -127 dBm, .., 0 dB, step 1 Default: -127 dBm; GMC: -127 VENDOR SPECIFIC
Weighting
Averaged received SINR per TTI per UE:
Long-term SINR*** := min(max(SINRmin,SINR***)SINRmax)
filtering/averaging *** PUSCH/UE, PUSCH/cell, PUCCH/UE, PUCCH/cell, SRS/cell
LNBTS: ulpcSinrMax (Upper limit for SINRvalue in CL power control)

Range: -47 dB, .., 80 dB, step 1 Default: 40 dB; GMC: 40 VENDOR SPECIFIC
Decision matrix LNBTS: ulpcSinrMin (Lower limit for SINR value in CL power control)
Range: -47 dB, .., 80 dB, step 1 Default: -40 dB; GMC: -40 VENDOR SPECIFIC
Commanding
PUCCH/PUSCH delta
values to the UE
Composite SINR and RSSI for PUCCH and PUSCH are
Calculation of RSSI and calculated
SINR on UE basis
PUSCH and SRS - composite SINR and RSSI:
Transformation into SINRPUSCH / UE  WF _ PUSCH _ UE + SINRPUSCH / cell  WF _ PUSCH _ CELL + SINRSRS / cell  WF _ SRS _ CELL
C _ SINRPUSCH / SRS =
independent format WF _ PUSCH _ UE + WF _ PUSCH _ CELL + WF _ SRS _ CELL
RSSI PUSCH / UE  WF _ PUSCH _ UE + RSSI SRS / UE  WF _ SRS _ UE

C _ RSSI PUSCH / SRS =
WF _ PUSCH _ UE + WF _ SRS _ UE
Clipping LNBTS: ulpcWfPuschUe (Weighting factor for UE scope measurements on PUSCH)

Range: 1, .., 100, step 1 Default: 1; GMC: 1 VENDOR SPECIFIC
LNBTS: ulpcWfPuschcell (Weighting factor for cell scope measurements on PUSCH)

Weighting
PUCCH - composite SINR and RSSI:
SINRPUCCH / UE  WF _ PUCCH _ UE + SINRPUCCH / cell  WF _ PUCCH _ CELL
Long-term C _ SINRPUCCH =
WF _ PUCCH _ UE + WF _ PUCCH _ CELL
filtering/averaging C _ RSSI PUCCH = RSSI PUCCH / UE
LNBTS: ulpcWfPucchUe (Weighting factor for UE scope measurements on PUCCH)

Decision matrix
LNBTS: ulpcWfPucchcell (Weighting factor for cell scope measurements on PUCCH)
Commanding
PUCCH/PUSCH delta
values to the UE
The results are filtered via low pass filter first order
(exponential moving average):
SINR on UE basis
y (n) = c  y (n − 1) + (1 − c)  x(n)
Transformation into
x: input (modulation independent, composite RSSI, SINR), per TTI
independent format y: output (filtered RSSI, SINR), over several TTIs
c: filter coefficient defined by averaging constant and time interval of input values
c = exp(-T/T avg ) i.e. impact = (1/e) at t = -T avg
Clipping Example: T = TTI = 1ms, T avg = 25 ms → c = 0.96
LNCEL: ulpcReadPeriod (Time interval for power command decisions)

Range: 10..2000 ms, step 10 ms
Default: 50 ms; GMC: 50
Weighting
Separate averaging time values are used if UL data is available:

Long-term LNBTS: ulpcCchavgtcont (Averaging time for continuous PUCCH measurements)
Range: 0.2, .., 100 ms, step 0.1 ms Default: 20 ms; GMC: 200 VENDOR SPECIFIC
filtering/averaging
LNBTS: ulpcSchavgtcont (Averaging time for continuous PUSCH measurements)
Decision matrix and if UL data is not available:

LNBTS: ulpcCchavgtdisc (Averaging time for discontinuous PUCCH measurements)
Commanding LNBTS: ulpcSchavgtdisc (Averaging time for discontinuous PUSCH measurements)
PUCCH/PUSCH delta Range: 0.2, .., 100 ms, step 0.1 ms Default: 50 ms; GMC: 500 VENDOR SPECIFIC
values to the UE
LNCEL: ulpcUpqualSch (Upper Choice between {-1; 0; +1; +3 dB} is done
SINR threshold for PUSCH power via comparing outputs of the filter with the
Calculation of RSSI and command decision) twodimensional decision matrix
Range: -47..80 dB, step 1 dB
SINR on UE basis Default: 11 dB; GMC: 20
LNCEL: ulpcUpqualCch (Upper
SINR threshold for PUCCH power
Transformation into command decision) Decision matrix
Range: -47..80 dB, step 1 dB
independent format Default: 4 dB; GMC: 4 SINR
+ 1 dB or - 1 dB - 1 dB
+ 3 dB
1 2 3
UP_QUAL_**
Clipping
+ 1 dB or 0 dB -1 dB
LNCEL:ulpcLowqualSch (Lower + 3 dB
SINR threshold for PUSCH power
4 5 6
command decision) LOW_QUAL_**
Weighting Range: -47..80 dB, step 1 dB
+ 1 dB or + 1 dB or + 1 dB or
+ 3 dB + 3 dB + 3 dB
LNCEL:ulpcLowqualCch (Lower
SINR threshold for PUCCH power
Long-term command decision)
7 8 9
RSSI
filtering/averaging Range: -47..80 dB, step 1 dB LOW_LEV_** UP_LEV_**
LNCEL: ulpcLowlevCch (Lower LNCEL: ulpcUplevCch (Upper

RSSI threshold for PUCCH RSSI threshold for PUCCH
Decision matrix power command decision) power command decision)
Range: -127..0 dBm, step 1 dBm Range: -127..0 dBm, step 1 dBm
Default: -103 dBm; GMC: -103 Default: -98 dBm; GMC: -98
Commanding LNCEL: ulpcLowlevSch (Lower LNCEL: ulpcUplevSch (Upper

PUCCH/PUSCH delta RSSI threshold for PUSCH RSSI threshold for PUSCH
power command decision) power command decision)
values to the UE Range: -127..0 dBm, step 1 dBm Range: -127..0 dBm, step 1 dBm
For internal use only Default: -103 dBm; GMC: -103 Default: -98 dBm; GMC: -98
LNBTS: ulpcAccuEnable (PUSCH TPC
commands accumulation enabled)
Closed Loop UL Power Control Range: 0 (false), 1 (true) Default: true; GMC: true
VENDOR SPECIFIC, VALUE FALSE NOT
SUPPORTED
Calculation of RSSI and In the current implementation power control commands are sent:
SINR on UE basis • for PUSCH - with the help of the UL scheduling grant for the PUSCH,
i.e. whenever an UE is scheduled, it will get a TPC command
together with being informed which resources and transport format is
Transformation into assigned.
independent format • for PUCCH if DL has been assigned, format 1 is used
• if there is no DL grant, TPC commands are not scheduled for these UEs
(leading to use of open loop PC only)
Clipping f(i) = f(i-1) + d PUSCH (i - KPUSCH) i.e. recursive determination
where d PUSCH is the signalled TPC in subframe i-KPUSCH
For FDD: KPUSCH = 4
Weighting The option of sending absolute values is not supported.
The accumulated DELTA PUCCH and DELTA PUSCH values are
constantly monitored. Maximum/minimum cumulated DELTA
Long-term PUCCH/PUSCH values could not be exceeded.
filtering/averaging LNBTS: ulpcCumpucchmax (Maximum cumulative delta PUCCH)
LNBTS: ulpcCumpucchmin (Minimum cumulative delta PUCCH)
Range: -127 dB, .., -127 dB, step 1 Default: -127 dB; GMC: -127 VENDOR SPECIFIC
Decision matrix
LNBTS: ulpcCumpuschmax (Maximum cumulative delta PUSCH)
Commanding LNBTS: ulpcCumpuschmin (Minimum cumulative delta PUSCH)
PUCCH/PUSCH delta Range: -127 dB, .., -127 dB, step 1 Default: -127 dB; GMC: -127 VENDOR SPECIFIC
values to the UE
Broadcast of P0_NOMINAL_PUSCH, P0_NOMINAL_PUCCH, ALPHA, Pmax,
eNodeB deltaFListPUCCH and deltaPreambleMsg3. UE specific parameters UE
P0_UE_PUSCH, P0_UE_PUCCH, DELTA_TF_ENABLED, ACCUMULATION
ENABLED, P_SRS_OFFSET and filterCoefficient signaled via RRC-DCCH
Transmit power derived from open loop PC open loop PC
DELTA_PUSCH and DELTA_PUCCH via PDCCH, MPUSCH from the scheduling grant
Data using transmit power derived from open and closed loop
closed loop PC
period of no UL data transfer (DRX)
smooth transition
resuming UL data transfer towards open
loop PC
UL data transfer using transmit power derived from open loop

component
closed loop PC
Data using transmit power derived from open and closed loop

Common Power Control Info in SIB2 (1/2)

Common Power Control Info in SIB2 (2/2)

Common Power Control Info in RRC Connection Reconfiguration message (1/3)



Dedicated Power Control Info (1/3)
see next slide



LTE Power Control
Contents

▪ Principles
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ Settings
ToC
Influence of CL PC settings on UL LTE throughput

Low level: -93 & High level: -88
Low qual: 18 & High qual: 20
Best peak tput

achieved in bad
For high loaded networks, conditions when target
lower target levels could levels are set high.
be set to reduce
interference levels.
Low level: -101 & High level:-96
Low qual: 8 & High qual: 10
Lower target levels reduce UE tx

power leading to higher BLER/lower
MCS/lower tput even in good
CLPC OFF
conditions. But if every UE in the area
reduce their TX power than overall
interference is reduced and tput will
improve. That is the main reason of
fractional path loss(alpha): Improve
the cell edge performance rather than
improving the cell capacity
Worst tput in bad

conditions when CLPC
control is off
Slide from: Shomik Pathak, RRM Algorithms in TTI Traces and related System Performance
Influence of CL PC settings on UL LTE throughput
30000 25
20
25000
15
20000
Throughput kbps
10
Tx Pwr dBm
15000 5
0
10000
-5
5000
-10
0 -15
<-110 -110-- -108-- -106-- -104-- -102-- -100-- -98-- -96-- -94-- -90-- -88-- -84-- -82-- -80-- -78-- -74-- -72-- -70-- -68-- -66--
108 106 104 102 100 98 96 94 92 88 86 82 80 78 76 72 70 68 66 64
RSRP dBm
test
Data
CL PC set2 - Average of Average of MAC Uplink Throughput CL PC set1 - Average of Average of MAC Uplink Throughput
CL PC set2 - Average of Average of UE TX CL PC set1 - Average of Average of UE TX
Average of RSRP
CL set 1: ulpcUpqualSch = 11, ulpcLowqualSch = 8 (DEFAULT values)
CL set 2: ulpcUpqualSch = 17, ulpcLowqualSch = 14
LTE Power Control
Contents

▪ Principles
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ Settings
DL power settings
Example with 2x2 MIMO
Type B symbol
• The general rule is to keep flat Power Spectral Density in
downlink
• However, there are several exceptions to this rule
• Two types of OFDM symbols
(OFDM symbol = complete set of orthogonal subcarriers as
an output of FFT operation) could be distinguished
• Symbol A does not carry the cell-specific Reference Signal
• Symbol B carries the cell-specific Reference Signal
pMax – dlCellPwrRed – dlpcMimoComp – 10log10(#PRBsx12) Type A symbol
pMax – dlCellPwrRed – dlpcMimoComp + 10log10(P_B) – 10log10(#PRBsx12)
depends on antenna configuration and dlRsBoost, set by the system to achieve the maximum RF
power in such a way that sum power of OFDM symbol does not exceed the committed average power
index LNCEL: dlpcMimoComp (MIMO power
compensation)
Range: 0..10 dB, step 0.01 dB
pMax – dlCellPwrRed + dlRsBoost – 10log10(#PRBsx12) LNCEL: dlRsBoost (Downlink reference

signals transmission power boost)
LNCEL: pMax (Maximum output power) Range: 0 (0dB), 1 (1.77dB), 2 (3dB), 3
LNCEL: dlCellPwrRed (Cell power reduce)
Range: 0 (10.0 dBm), 1 (37.0), 2 (39.0), 3 (40.0), (4.77dB), 4 (6dB)
Range: 0..20 dB, step 0.1 dB Default: 0 dB; GMC: 0dB
4For(41.8), 5 (43.0), 6 (44.8), 7 (46.0), 8 (47.8)
internal use only Default: 0 dB; GMC: 0
49 Default:
© Nokia Siemens-;Netw
GMC: orks39.0 LTE Pow er Control/.Netw ork Engineering
DL power settings
• Advantages of RS power boost:

• Better channel estimation
• RS is used for coherent demodulation as the information about channel response. Its wrong
reception may cause demodulation errors and finally throughput degradation
• RS boost improves decoding of cell under higher interference conditions and may also improve
handover performance
• It is recommended to use dlRsBoost to boost the RS instead of dlpcMimoComp since
dlpcMimoComp affects all PDSCH REs (3 dB less power)
• It is also possible to boost the Tx power of:
• PCFICH channel to improve detection of PCFICH
• PCFICH informs about the number of PDCCH symbols per subframe; in case it is not properly
received, the whole subframe is lost causing user throughput degradation
• To be applied in special cases
• PHICH channel to assure higher reliability of PHICH
• PHICH carries ACK/NACK messages in response to uplink transmission; in case there are too
many misdetections (ACK→NACK), PUSCH will be unnecessary loaded with
retransmissions causing capacity degradation and additional UE power consumption
• However, usually PHICH is not the limit link as far as LiBu is concerned
LNCEL: dlPcfichBoost (Downlink PCFICH LNCEL: dlPhichBoost (Downlink PHICH
transmission power boost) transmission power boost)
Range: 0..6 dB, step 0.1 dB Range: 0..6 dB, step 0.1 dB
Default: 0 dB; GMC: 0 Default: 0 dB; GMC: 0
DL power settings
• To maintain RF power, PCFICH/PHICH channel boost is performed at the cost of

PDCCH power.
• However, the power de-boosting of PDCCH may be reduced to keep the 1% BLER target for PDCCH.
• Negative power boost for RS/PCFICH/PHICH could not be applied
• Boosts are applied in the following order:
• RS > PCFICH > PHICH
so if the power is not enough, PHICH boost is reduced firstly, then PCFICH – if needed.
• If RS/PCFICH/PHICH boost, CQI as reported by the UE should be adjusted by the
system (reported value may be too optimistic)
• Moreover, it is also possible to reuse the power of non-allocated REs around
PSS/SSS to boost the power of synch signals by 10log10(72/62) (via vendor
specific parameter). LNBTS: dlSynchBoost (Downlink synch signal
– No influence on PDCCH power basket. transmission power boost)
Default: false; GMC: false
VENDOR SPECIFIC, HIDDEN

LTE Power Control
Contents

▪ Principles
▪ PUSCH
▪ PUCCH
▪ SRS
▪ Performance
▪ Algorithm
▪ Performance
▪ Settings
DL Power Control for PDCCH
• DL Power Control for PDCCH is an additional mechanism interacting with

DL AMC for PDCCH in order to make the signaling as robust as possible
(and in turn improve KPIs like HO sucess ratio, CSSR, throughput etc.)
• DL-PC-CCH aims at 1% target BLER but cannot modify aggregation level
assignments
• Required SNR or CQI to satisfy the 1% is known from the
rdPdcchAggTables.
• Main actions performed by DL-PC-CCH:
– Power reduction on CCEs with assigned AGG level higher than required
▪ the aggregation level could be (much) higher than required (in case of AGG1) or only slightly higher
than required to achieve 1% BLER (AGG2, AGG4, AGG8)
– Power boosting on CCEs with assigned AGG level lower than required
▪ Those are the UEs with AGG-8 and AGG-4, where this has been done automatically during the
PDCCH scheduling process according to enableLowAgg (to save PDCCH resources) and also all
other UEs where a lower Aggregation than required has been assigned during PDCCH scheduling
to avoid PDCCH blocking.
– Equal power relocation among all scheduled CCEs
LNCEL: enableLowAgg (Enable lower aggregation selection for PDCCH LA)
Default: 0; GMC: true
1,00
0,90 The SINR CDF at full load would

0,80
lead to the following AGG
utilization:
0,70 AGG-1
~20% AGG-1 (SINR>11dB)
0,60
~32% AGG-2 (4<SINR<11dB)
~25% AGG-4 (0<SINR<4dB)
CDF
0,50
AGG-2
~23% AGG-8 (SINR<0dB)
0,40
~10% UEs will not meet the 1%

0,30
AGG-8 BLER target for PDCCH and need
AGG-4
0,20
additional improvement (power
0,10 boosting).
0,00 Average AGG level = 3.68
-26 -24 -22 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
SNIR [dB]

• PDCCH Power Control can be enabled/disabled by O&M switch

• Maximum transmit power of the Power Amplifier cannot be exceeded (pMax; O&M)
• Reduction, boosting and relocation range is strictly defined and is always considered as the
limit for power level modification
• DL-PC-CCH operates together with DL-AMC-CCH on TTI basis
• DCI messages with more than one CCE (AGG-…>1) have a flat PSD,
thus all CCEs belonging to one scheduled UE are transmitted with the same power
Name Abbreviation Range Description Default GMC

Enable PDCCH LNCEL:enablePcPdcch true, false true true
power control
PDCCH PC LNBTS:pdcchPcBoost 0...10 dB, step 0.1 dB 4 dB 40
maximum power HIDDEN, VENDOR SPECIFIC
boost
PDCCH PC LNBTS:PdcchPcRed 0...10 dB, step 0.1 dB 6 dB 60
reduction
PDCCH PC LNBTS:pdcchPcReloc 0...10 dB, step 0.1 dB 3 dB 30
relocation

ToC
DL Power Control for PDCCH – PDCCH power

reduction
Power reduction is high during

high PdcchCQI, since Cqi is
higher than or equal to what is Power reduction is non-
required for 1% target BLER existent during low
PdcchCQI, since it
requires all available
power to maintain < 1%
target BLER
Slide from: Shomik Pathak, RRM Algorithms in TTI Traces and related System Performance
ToC
Thanks for your attention

ToC
References
Shomik Pathak, RRM Algorithms in TTI Traces and related System Performance
Navin Hathiramani, Lorena Serna, LTE Optimization Guidelines
RRM SFS RL30
CFAM LTE430 feature
RA4121 RL20 Power Control training materials
RA4121 RL20 UL/DL Scheduler training materials
Piotr Godziewski, NEI RL30 DL Power Boosting for control channels


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For internal use only!!!

LTE Power Control

For internal use only

▪ Introduction to LTE Power Control

• PDSCH power boosting

For internal use only

▪ Introduction to LTE Power Control

For internal use only

For internal use only

• Pathloss and shadowing conditions are addressed by coarse power control

For internal use only

▪ Introduction to LTE Power Control

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUSCH (i ) = min {PCMAX ,10 log10 ( M PUSCH (i )) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) +  ( j )  PL +  TF (i ) + f (i )} dBm

For internal use only

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUSCH (i ) = min {PCMAX ,10 log 10 ( M PUSCH (i )) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) +  ( j )  PL +  TF (i ) + f (i )} dBm

Maximum allowed UE power (23 dBm for class 3)

For internal use only

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUSCH (i ) = min {PCMAX ,10 log 10 ( M PUSCH (i )) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) +  ( j )  PL +  TF (i ) + f (i )} dBm

Number of scheduled RBs (known from the scheduling grant)

For internal use only

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUSCH (i ) = min {PCMAX ,10 log 10 ( M PUSCH (i )) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) +  ( j )  PL +  TF (i ) + f (i )} dBm

• PO_PUSCH(j) = PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH(j) + PO_UE_PUSCH(j) Random access: j=2

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUSCH (i ) = min {PCMAX ,10 log 10 ( M PUSCH (i )) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) +  ( j )  PL +  TF (i ) + f (i )} dBm

pathloss [dB] = referenceSignalPower – higher layer filtered RSRP

LNCEL: ulpcAlpha (Alpha)

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUSCH (i ) = min {PCMAX ,10 log 10 ( M PUSCH (i )) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) +  ( j )  PL +  TF (i ) + f (i )} dBm

▪ Introduction to LTE Power Control

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUCCH (i ) = min{ PMAX , P0_PUCCH + PL + h(nCQI , nHARQ ) +  F_PUCCH ( F ) + g (i )} dBm

For internal use only

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUCCH (i ) = min{ PMAX , P0_PUCCH + PL + h(nCQI , nHARQ ) +  F_PUCCH ( F ) + g (i )} dBm

Maximum allowed UE power (23 dBm for class 3)

For internal use only

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUCCH (i ) = min{ PMAX , P0_PUCCH + PL + h(nCQI , nHARQ ) +  F_PUCCH ( F ) + g (i )} dBm

• PO_PUCCH = PO_NOMINAL_PUCCH + PO_UE_PUCCH

LNCEL:p0NomPucch (Nominal power LNCEL:p0UePucch (Power offset for

For internal use only

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUCCH (i ) = min{ PMAX , P0_PUCCH + PL + h(nCQI , nHARQ ) +  F_PUCCH ( F ) + g (i )} dBm

max. PUCCH Compensation factor Outcome

Always full pathloss compensation (α = 1)

For internal use only

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUCCH (i ) = min{ PMAX , P0_PUCCH + PL + h(nCQI , nHARQ ) +  F_PUCCH ( F ) + g (i )} dBm

max. PUCCH Compensation factor Outcome

• For PUCCH format 1,1a and 1b (

• For PUCCH format 2 and   nCQI + n HARQ 

Open Loop (OL) Closed Loop (CL)

PPUCCH (i ) = min{ PMAX , P0_PUCCH + PL + h(nCQI , nHARQ ) +  F_PUCCH ( F ) + g (i )} dBm

max. PUCCH Compensation factor Outcome

Name Abbreviation Range Description Default GMC

LNCEL:DeltaF PUCCH list dFListPucch n/a SEQUENCE (see below) n/a