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NEHRP Handbook of Techniques For The Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings

The document discusses techniques for seismically retrofitting existing buildings and their foundations. It was published by the Building Seismic Safety Council to provide guidance on strengthening building elements like vertical and horizontal structural components, as well as foundations, to improve seismic performance. Various techniques are described to address issues like irregularities, excessive loads, inadequate capacity, and improve load transfer through the use of supplemental framing elements, underpinning, soil modification, and other structural upgrades.

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90 views

NEHRP Handbook of Techniques For The Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings

The document discusses techniques for seismically retrofitting existing buildings and their foundations. It was published by the Building Seismic Safety Council to provide guidance on strengthening building elements like vertical and horizontal structural components, as well as foundations, to improve seismic performance. Various techniques are described to address issues like irregularities, excessive loads, inadequate capacity, and improve load transfer through the use of supplemental framing elements, underpinning, soil modification, and other structural upgrades.

Uploaded by

Jholo Bucton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Seismic Retrofitting

NEHRP Handbook of Techniques for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing


Buildings

The Building Seismic Safety Council is sponsored by the Federal Emergency Management
Agency for the publication on seismic strengthening of existing buildings. The BSSC was
established in 1979 under National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) to deal with the
complex regulatory, technical, social, and economic issues involved in developing and
promulgating building earthquake hazard mitigation regulatory provisions that are national in
scope
According to the Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC) its purpose are the following:
 Promotes the development of seismic safety provisions suitable for use throughout
the United States;
 Recommends, encourages, and promotes the adoption of appropriate seismic
safety provisions in voluntary standards and model codes;
 Assesses progress in the implementation of such provisions by federal, state, and
local regulatory and construction agencies;
 Identifies opportunities for improving seismic safety regulations and practices and
encourages public and private organizations to effect such improvements;
 Promotes the development of training and educational courses and materials for
use by design professionals, builders, building regulatory officials, elected officials,
industry representatives, other members of the building community, and the public;
 Advises government bodies on their programs of research, development, and
implementation; and
 Periodically reviews and evaluates research findings, practices, and experience
and makes recommendations for incorporation into seismic design practices.

2.2.2.2 Rehabilitation Techniques for Vertical Irregularities


 to modify the existing structural elements or add new structural elements to
eliminate or significantly reduce the irregularity.
 if vertical bracing is used to increase the strength of a weak story, it is important to
determine the effect that this modification will have on the story stiffness
 Extending the new shear wall to the foundation level is one way to avoid the vertical
discontinuity.
 Vertical supports below the wall also should be investigated to determine their
capacity to resist realistic overturning forces
 A common technique for improving the seismic performance of structures with
vertical discontinuities in load path is to strengthen the columns below the
discontinuity so that they can resist the vertical forces that can be imposed by
overturning moments of the above walls

2.2.2.4 Rehabilitation Techniques for Horizontal Irregularities


 accomplished by reducing the eccentricity

 The most direct rehabilitation technique for excessive shear stresses at a re-entrant
corner is to provide drag struts to distribute the local concentrated forces into the
diaphragm

 strengthening the diaphragm with overlays and reducing the loads on the diaphragm
by providing additional vertical-resisting elements.
 Improving deficient conditions caused by diaphragm discontinuities (such as may be
present in split level framing) can be accomplished by providing an adequate load
path for the lateral forces.

 Structures with nonparallel systems can be strengthened by ensuring that there is


an adequate load path for the various force components resulting from the transfer
of shears from the diaphragm to the vertical lateral-load-resisting systems
3.6 FOUNDATIONS
3.6.1 CONTINUOUS OR STRIP WALL FOOTINGS
3.6.12 Strengthening Techniques for Excessive Soil Bearing Pressure
Techniques. The problem of excessive soil bearing pressure caused by seismic
overturning forces can be mitigated by:
1. Increasing the bearing capacity of the footing by underpinning the footing ends and
providing additional footing area (Figure 3.6.1.2a).

2. Increasing the vertical capacity of the footing by adding new drilled piers adjacent and
connected to the existing footing (Figure 3.6.1.2b).

3. Increasing the soil bearing capacity by modifying the existing soil properties.
4. Reducing the overturning forces by providing supplemental vertical-resisting elements
(i.e., shear walls or braced frames).

3.6.1.3 Strengthening Techniques for Excessive Uplift Conditions Techniques.


Deficient capacity of existing foundations to resist prescribed uplift forces caused by
seismic overturning moments can be improved by:
1. Increasing the uplift capacity of the existing footing by adding drilled piers or soil
anchors.
2. Increasing the size of the existing footing by underpinning to mobilize additional
foundation and soil weight.
3. Reducing the uplift forces by providing supplemental vertical-resisting elements (i.e.,
shear walls or braced frames) as discussed in Sec. 3.4
3.6.2 INDIVIDUAL PIER OR COLUMN FOOTINGS
3.6.2.2 Strengthening Techniques for Excessive Soil Bearing Pressure
Techniques. The problem of excessive soil bearing pressure due to overturning forces
can be mitigated by:
1. Increasing the bearing capacity of the footing by underpinning the footing ends and/or
providing additional footing area (Figure 3.6.1.2a).
2. Increasing the vertical capacity of the footing by adding new drilled piers adjacent and
connected to the existing footing (Figure 3.6.1.2b).
3. Reducing the bearing pressure on the existing footings by connecting adjacent
footings with deep reinforced concrete tie beams. 4. Increasing the soil bearing capacity
by modifying the existing soil properties.
5. Reducing the overturning forces by providing supplemental vertical-resisting elements
(i.e., shear walls or braced frames).

3.6.2A Strengthening Techniques for Inadequate Passive Soil Pressure Techniques.


The problem of excessive passive soil pressure caused by seismic loads can be
mitigated by:
1. Providing an increase in bearing area by enlarging the footing.
2. Providing an increase in bearing area by adding new tie beams between existing
footings.
3. Improving the existing soil conditions adjacent to the footing to increase the allowable
passive pressure.
4. Reducing the bearing pressure at overstressed locations by providing supplemental
vertical-resisting elements such as shear walls or braced frames as discussed in Sec.
3.4.

3.6.3 PILES OR DRILLED PIERS


3.6.3.2 Strengthening Techniques for Excessive Tensile or Compressive Loads
Techniques.
Deficient tensile or compressive capacity of piles or piers can be improved by:
1. Increasing the capacity of the foundation by driving additional piles and replacing or
enlarging the existing pile cap (Figure 3.6.3.2).
2. Reducing the loads on overstressed pile caps by adding tie beams to adjacent pile
caps and distributing the loads.

3.633 Strengthening Techniques for Excessive Lateral Forces Techniques. Deficient


lateral force capacity of piles or piers can be improved by:
1. Reducing the loads on overstressed pile caps by adding tie beams to adjacent pile
caps and distributing the loads.
2. Increasing the allowable passive pressure of the soil by improving the soil adjacent to
the pile cap.
3. Increasing the capacity of the foundation by driving additional piles and replacing or
enlarging existing pile cap.
4. Reducing loads on the piles or piers by providing supplemental vertical-resisting
elements (i.e., braced frames or shear walls) and transferring forces to other foundation
members with reserve capacity as discussed in Sec. 3.4.

3.6.4 MAT FOUNDATIONS


3.6.4.2 Strengthening Technique for Inadequate Moment Capacity Deficient mat
foundation moment capacity can be corrected by increasing the mat capacity locally by
providing additional reinforced concrete (i.e., an inverted column capital) doweled and
bonded to the existing mat to act as a monolithic section. If the inadequacy is due to
concentrated seismic overturning loads, it may be possible to provide new shear walls
above the mat to distribute the overturning loads and also to locally increase the section
modulus of the mat.

3.6.43 Strengthening Technique for Inadequate Lateral Resistance Deficient mat


foundation lateral resistance (e.g., the possibility of a mat founded at shallow depth in the
soil) can be corrected by the construction of properly spaced shear keys at the mat
perimeter. The shear keys would be constructed by trenching under the mat, installing
dowels on the underside of the mat, and placing reinforced concrete in the trench.

REFERENCE LINK: https://mitigation.eeri.org/files/fema-172.pdf

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