HOWO Chassis
（Ⅰ）

SINOTRUK (HONGKONG) LIMITED

November. 2009
  

Preface
With rapidly development of manufacturing and operating, highly increasing of market
occupation rate at home and abroad of China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co. Ltd
(CNHTC), sale service, one of important components of sales operation, plays more and more
important roles to the group limited company’s sales. Therefore, we compile this training data
for promoting the sales service levels and abilities, being suitable for strategic requirements of
sales operation, strengthening the training of production and sales service.
The training data, exampled by the main products of HOWO of CNHTC, fully introduces the
application of HOWO, the structure, principal and main points of assemble of main assembly,
as well as knowledge of after-sale’s maintain and service. This book includes two volumes,
the contains of volume one include Vehicle Application, Structure and Principle of Main
Assembly, Differences of D9 model and A7 one, etc. As “One-grade Qualification” training
data, the training scope includes new employees of sales department, manger and above stuff,
main sales persons of sales department and net refit, as well as others who needs to grasp the
production knowledge. The contents of volume two include key points of assemble of main
assembly, its maintaining, service, troubleshooting, parts identification, etc. As “Two-grade
Qualification”, “Three-grade Qualification” training data, the two-grade training scope
includes all managers of group limited company and after-sale’s servicer of export department,
as well as 2-3 main stuff of each signed service station. The three-grade training scope
includes counterclaim appraiser of each branch company (including export department) of
sales department, on-site handler of after-sales service department and each manager of group
limited company.
The textbook can be regarded as training material of production and sales service, and also as
reading and reference data of related technician and maintainer.
The textbook is compiled by the training leading group of production and sales service of
CNHTC.
Chief Editor: Yu Tianming
Chief Reviewer: Zhang Jidong
The textbook is compiled by Technical Department of Jinan Truck Company, and the
compilers are Liu Fuqiang (Complete Vehicle Parts), Shao Jianzhong (Air Chanel Parts),
Wang Xinjun (Electric Appliances Parts).
We thanks for proofreading of Manager Li Yongjun of Technical Department, Manager Wei
Renjie of Applied Engineering Office, and many valued opinions offered by a lots of
colleagues.
There may be some wrong and inexpediencies due to compiler’s abilities and time limited,
and we sincerely thanks for criticizing of our colleagues and readers.

Compiler
November. 2009

The copy right and final explanation right belong to the CNHTC
Please refer to the latest version, and without notice when changing and additional are
subjected to.
 

Part I Use of H.D Truck HOWO

Chapter I Cabin interior installation

Section I Door manupilation

I. Opening/Close-up from outside of the truck
Door’s opening：When the door on locking state, presses down and drag out the handle to open the door;
When the door on locking state, inserts the key and turn 180 degree, counter-clockwise, than presses
down the handle and draw out to open the door.
Door’s closed-up: to lock the door, inserts the key, turn 180 degree clockwise, then takes out the key.
This time, the door can not be opened only by pressing down the handle from outside.

II. Open/close-up the door from inside

Door’s opening: turn the inside locked handle (turn 1 degree), then push it out immediately to open the
door.
Door’s closed-up: when the door is locked, the door can not be opened from outside if the lock switch
has been pressed down.
  

Section II Instrument panel

SINOTRUCK

Instrument panel
1.Engine tachometer 2. Information displayer 3.Fuel gauge 4. Water temperature indicateur 5. Speedometer,
6.Barometer 1, 7. Signal light 8. Knob 9 Barometer 2

Switch board

Switch board
1. Handbrake handle 2. Trailer handbrake handle 3. Rocker switch 4. A/C operating panel and displayer
5. Horn switch 6. Steering wheel 7. Transfer shif handle 8. Cigar lighter

Section III Table summary of light symbols

Table summary of light symbols
S/N 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Sym

Green
Col Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Blue
flash
Safety belt Charge Steering oil Brake air Brake air High beam
Des. Water temp. Alarm parking Cabin lock Oil pressure Turn/L
lock indication level Pressure2 Pressure1 indication
S/N 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Sym

Col Green flash Green flas Red Yellow Yellow Green Yellow Green Green Green Green
Des. Turn/R Trailer Stop braking Air filter Public alarm Front fog Rear fog lamp PTO Wheel Shaft Full wheel
 

steering chock lamp difference difference dirve

indication indication
S/N 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Sym

Col Green Green Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Red Yellow Green
High gear Low gear Truck Trailer Exhaust
Des. Air suspension Lift shaft ASR Low fuel level Aux.air pressure Retarder
section section ABS ABS brake
S/N 34 35 36 37 38 59 40 41 42 43 44

Sym
Col Yellow Yellow Col Col Col Col Col Col Col Col Col
Flame
Des. EDC failure Standby Standby Standby Standby Standby Standby Standby Standby Standby
preheating

Signal light and function description:

Signal light and function description
S/C Nomination Remarks S/C Nomination Remarks
1 Safety belt Goes out after the seat belt 19 PTO indicator PTO working indicator
indicator fastened
2 Charge Goes out after the generator 20 Wheel diff.valve Wheel diff.working indicator
indicator starts up indicator
3 W/T indicator Alarms when the W/T too high 21 Shaft diff.valve Shaft diff.working indicator
indicator
4 Steering oil Not available 22 Full wheel drive Full wheel drive working indicator
level indicator indicator
5 Alarm parking Alarm in case of severe failure 23 Low gear Low gear sec.indicator, transfer
indicator sec.indicator box,
6 Cabin lock Alarm when the cabin does not 24 High gear High gear sec.indicator,
indicator reset on the original position sec.indicator transfer box,
7 Air brake Low pressure alarm of brake 25 Brake ABS ABS failure indicator, truck
pressure 2 pressure 2 indicator, truck
indicator
8 Air brake Low pressure alarm of brake 26 Brake ABS ABS failure indicator, trailer
pressure 1 pressure 1 indicator, trailer
indicator
9 Engine O/P Low oil pressure alarm 27 Air suspension Not available
indicator indicator
10 High beam High beam working indicator 28 Steering indicator, Steering working indicator, Middle
indicator Middle passive passive turning
turning
11 Turn/L Flash over with the turn 29 ASR indicator Not available
indicator,turck signal/L
12 Turn/R Flash over with the turn 30 Low fuel level Charge indicator
indicator,turck signal/R indicator
13 Turn signal, In case of traior, the turn signal 31 Aux.A/P indicator Low pressur alarm, aux.A/P loop
trailer flashes on with turning on L/R
14 Stop brake Indicating when the handbrake 32 Exhaust brake Exhaust brake working indicator,
indicator handle is pressed down. indicator engine
15 A/F chock Alarm in case of A/F chock 33 Retarder indicator Not available
indicator
16 Public alarm Alarm in case of general 34 EDC failure Not available
indicator failures indicator
17 Front fog lamp Front fog work lamp indicator 35 Flame preheating Not available
indicator indicator
18 Rrar fog Rrar fog work lamp indicator
lamp indicator
  

Section IV Table summary of rocker switch symbols

Table summary of rocker switch symbols

Rocker switch and function description (incl.indicators.except indicated otherwise, the switch key on
position “1”is invalid.
Rocker switch and function description

S/N Description Status Function Remark

l Light On/Off O Headlight and
position light on Off
l Position light On/ In case of 2 and 3 gears,the instrument panel lighting is
Headlight keeps Off effect, but high beam out of effect*.
2 Headlight and High beam effective; high/low beam combination,
position light on ON incl.switch effective.
2 Front fog light O Front fog light Off

1 Front fog light ON Prerequisite: the light switch level 1 already On.
 

S/N Description Status Function Remark

3 Rear fog light 0 Rear fog light Off

l Rear fog light on Prerequisite: (1) the light switch level 1 already On, the
front fog light on; or (2) the light switch level 2 On:
4 Emergency alarm O Emergency alarm Off

l Emergency alarm On The key switch levels 1,2,3 and 4 effecitve; the function
description detailed in the subsequent text.
5 Horn inverter 0 Ele.horn Presses the horn button on the Steering wheel.

l Air horn Presses the horn button on the Steering wheel.

6 PTO switch 0 Funciton Off

l Function On PTO solenoid valve activated. When the PTO switches to

the postion, the indicator on the instrument panel flashes
up and fully lights in place.
7 PTO neutral 0 Function Off

l Function On When the PTO rocker switches on, the solenoid valve of
PTO drives and the PTO switch reaches its place, the
neutral valve of PTO is activated.
10 Full wheel drive 0 Function Off

Function On Full wheel drive solenoid valve activated, and full wheel
l drive position switches in the place, the indicator on the
instrument panel flashes on and fully lights up after in
place.
8 Wheel differential O Function Off

l Function On The shaft differential solenoid valve activated, and the

switch of shaft differential does not yet reach the position,
the indicator on the instrument panel flashes on, and fully
lights up after in place.
9 Shaft differential 0 Function Off

l Function On The shaft differential solenoid valve retarded, and the

switch of shaft differential reaches its position, the
indicator on the instrument panel flashes on, and fully
lights up after in place the indicator on the instrument
panel flashes on, and fully lights up after in place the
indicator on the instrument panel flashes on, and fully
lights up after in place.
ll Duty light switch 0 Duty light Off

l Duty light On Duty light activated

12 Cold startup 0 Function Off

l Function On When the slide switch effective, the ether

electronically-spraying pump starts up; it is automatically
ineffective when the engine starts up.

Section V Power switch

I. Main power switch
The main power switch is located at outer side of battery box on the frame longitudinal beam.
  

Main power switch Frame right

longitudinal beam,

Main power switch

Notice: In case of long time out of use, please switch off the main power to avoid the accident

II. Key switch

The key switch is located on the steering colunm

Gear Gear
position 2 position 3

Gear Gear
position 1 position 4

Key switch

Turning position Use Remark

Electric devices when the truck stop is
1(ACC)
activated
2(LOCK) Full truck is power off The key may be drawn out

3(ON) Driving Position

4(START) Engine startup Reset automatically on the gear position 3

Key switch position
 

Section VI Combination switch

I. Operation of the turn signal

Turn left Turn right Trailer veer

Operation of the turn signal

1 Right turn indication 2. Left turn indication
Notice: while the turn signal operating; the indicator on the instrument panel flashes on simultaneously
(in case of hangered by the trailer, the trailer turn signal will flash on together). When the turn signal
bulb fails (the total bulb power shorts of 21W), the flashing frequence speeds up), the steering
II. Emergency alarm
Presses down the main power switch and then emergency alarm swithch, all turn signals and indicators
will flash on.
Emergency alarm switch

Alarm switch

III. Headlight operation

Lighting switch High/low beam changer
Headlight
Overtake

Aux. hight beam

Headlight
When the combination switch handle is located on the middle position, the key switch on the gear level 3
and the light switch on the gear level 2, the front low beam or high beam turns on, where the
combination switch handle is lifted up to 4 degrees, the high/low beams turn on, which may be used as
flash signal while overtaking or passing each other; when the switch handle continues to be lifted up to
10 degrees, it will act on light change; the high beam becomes the low beam or verse versa. It will reset
  

once released.
When overtaking and passing each other on daytime, the high beam will turn on after the handle lifted
up to 4 degrees and reset when released.
IV. Wiper operation
Presses down- windshield washer system

0—Off position J—Wiper intermittent

I— Wiper slow down II—Wiper speed up
V. Horn button
Horn inverter switch

Horn button

The truck is equipped with the electric horn and electrically controlled air horn,both are inverted by the
horn inverter.
The horn button is on the steering wheel. If the electrically controlled air hor is applied, you need to
press down the horn switch (rocker switch), then press down the horn button on the steering wheel.

Section VII Operation of the fog lamp and interior light

Front fog lamp switch  Rear fog lamp switch 
Front fog lamp Rear fog lamp

Front fog
lamp 

Notice: the front/rear fog lamps can be operated only after the light switch is on.

I. Operation of front fog lamp

The light switch is to be opened on the gear level 1
To turn on the front fog lamp, presses down the front fog lamp switch. At the meantime, the front fog
lamp indicator on the instrument panel turns on.
 

II. Operation of rear fog lamp

The light switch is to be opened on the gear level 2,or by turning on the front fog lamp.
To turn on the rear fog lamp, presses down the rear fog lamp switch. At the meantime, the front fog lamp
indicator on the instrument panel turns on.

III. Interior lighting

Booklight
Booklight Guiding light

1. Turns on or off the switch of interior guiding light.

Press the left side of switch on interior lamp, as the door is open, the interior lighting system will light
automatically

2. Continuous lighting
Presses down the right sided switch on the interior guiding light.
3. Switch off
Puts the switch of the interior guiding light on middle position.

Section VIII Operation instruction of hand throttle

The hand throttle is set on the switch board of the cabin. During the driving after the startup, maintains
the hand throttle on a position holding the stable driving. It is unnecessary for the driver to keep foot on
the throttle pedal, thereby alleviating the driver’s fatigue

Spacing On idle state, the

sleeve clearance
between the
retaining bolt on
the throttle cable
and the spacing
sleeve is 0~1mm.

Hand throttle
Retaining bolt
handle

1. When the throttle is pedaled to a position appropriate for the engine revolution, draws out gentily
the throttle handle by pressing down the middle button until the resistance is suddenly increased,
then stops drawing.
2. The engine rotation may be tuned by turning the handle head cover (the rotation will speed up
when the engine turns counterclockwise and slow down clockwise);
3. To shift, you need to reset the throttle on the original position.
  

Ready to draw Presses down the Slightly draws Stops drawing.

out. middle button of out the handle.
handle.

Notice:
1. On idle state, the clearance between the retaining bolt on the throttle cable and the spacing
sleeve is 0~1mm.
2. On parking state, the engine rotation controlled by the hand throttle is required to be at
2150～2200r/min as appropriate.
3. To avoid the cable break, it is unappropriate to continuously increase the rotation on high
rotating speed range.

Special warning: In case of emergency, the hand throttle has to be reset on the initial position.

Section IX Operation of the A/C and warm air

I. Control assembly
1. Button instruction
The light of button instrument is green. All buttons are sensible by soft touch.

To regulate the wind speed, makes one press on the +

button of wind Speed to increase one level; and one press on the – button to
decrease one level. Presses one time on the Plus(Minus) button of temperature
setting to set 1℃ up (down), holds down the button to continuously
increase(decrease) the temperature setting.

Refrigeration button

Defrosting button

Button of blowing mode option

Button of inner/outer recycling wind option.presses this button to

shift the inner(outer) wind to outer(inner) wind circle

Auto.button

Off button
2. Display instruction
 

Automatic system Inner/outer circle symbole

operation symbole
Defrosting symbole Blow-out position symbole
indicating the current blowing
mode
Blower operating symbole Blowing power level indicator

Refrigeration symbole displaying the compressor switches on

The outdoor temperature indication. While setting the temperature, shifts onto the
display of temperature setting(range: LO, 18℃ ～ 29℃ ， HI). Stopping the
temperature setting for 5s, will shift to the outdoor temperature display. L0 forces to
shut down the water valve and HI to open it.

II. Instruction of application

I. To set on the temperature required in your truck
By regulating the button of temperature setting, it may reach up to the interior temperature you
wish. The setting range is at LO，18℃～29℃，HI. If you wish to feel cooler in cabin, you may
set at LO; if you like to feel warmer, then set at HI.
Hint: under general condition, it is more appropriate to set at the range of 22℃～26℃.
2. Wind power setting
In normal case, the system may be regulated according to the temperature you set, or the
temperature you need individually
Hint: The wind power is divided into 9 classes. After you pressed the wind regulating button, the
wind power will be adjusted slowly.
3. Use of night view function
Turns on the switch of low light(i.e. the main switch on 1 level), the symbole of button
synchronizes with others on the instrument panel
4. Option of blow-out mode
Through the button of wind mode option and defrosting button, you have four respective modes
of blow-out modes.
5. Option of air intake mode
By the inner/outer wind circle option, you may choose the outer/inner wind circulation.
Under following environments, the inner air intake mode may be applied in shorter time:
☆ To reduce faster the interior temperature on hot day;
☆ To increase faster the inside temperature on colder day
☆ When the outdoor air is of bad quality, e.g. more dust and odor.

III. Cautions in use

1. Keeps the A/C system with the regular maintenance and service
2 In case of panel contamination, use a piece of soft and dry cloth to clean the panel surface. The
wet cloth or dry solide is not allowed, otherwise it will damage the panel, buttons or sceen.
3. Do not toche the scrren with fingers, greasy substance or dry objects, otherwise it will make the
display unclear, short of stroke segment or damaged.
  

4. The filler neck of cold media is sited on the compressor and pipeline. Provided poor refrigeration
due to shortage of cold media, please contact with the trained staff for charge. In case of shortage
of cold media, the white bubbles are visable through the inspection window on the top of
reservoir; in case of full cold media, the white fluid will be seen.

Inspection
window of
reservoir

5. Provide the failure in the system identified, please contact with the licensed service station and
have the special service man fix it.

Section X Seats
The new type HOWO seats are added with heating device, waist rest and double lock sliders; the
backrest is in an adjustable structure of two segments.
The waistrest device uses the air bag to support the human body, which regulates the charge volume of
air bag by the control valve of waistrest and makes the waist effectively rest on good sustentation.
The electric heating device uses the carbon fibers as heating element, the heating cushion feels soft like
cotton fabric and the temperature automatically controlled and power regulated. With the guaranteed
safety, the temperature increases rapidly and uniformally to make you feel a more comfortable.
The seat design is styled in the luxury tall backrest. The backrest is composed of the upper and lower
parts, the bending of which is regulated by the small backrest, and gives the driver’s shoulder the
efficient rest to alleviate his fatigue.

I. Main technique parameters

1. Width of seat: 490mm; 2 Height of seat: 935mm; 3. Height adjustment: 0～65mm; 4. Foreward
and backward adjustment: 0～±75mm; 5. Backrest angle adjustment: 0°～41.4°(backward
relative to the plumb line); 0°～60°(foreward relative to the plumb line).

II. Method of use

1. Adjustment on the foreward and backward positions
Pushes the handle up and down, moves the seat fore- and backward up to the required position,
then released the handle.
2. Adjustment of air sustained waistrest
Presses down the lower end of the control valve, the air bag of waist support starts charging;
pushes down the upper end, the air bag begin to deflate; the button release can be made up to the
appropriate position.
 

1. Regulating handle of forward and backward position; 2. Control button of charge and discharge of wast sustentation

3. Electric heating control button 4. Adjustmeng handle of seat fore-end height 5. Adjustmeng handle of seat

rear-end height 6. Adjustmeng handle of headrest position 7. Adjustmeng handle of backrest inclination.

3. Electric heating control (option)

Presses down the upper end of the control switch, to rapidly increase the electric heating
temperature. Up to the required degree.

4. Adjustment of front height

Slightly move up the handle to increase(decrease) properly force on the front end of cushion,
allowing lowering(hoisting) the front end of cushion up the required position, then release the
handle.

5. Height adjustment of the rear end

Slightly move up the handle to decrease e(increase) properly force on the front end of cushion,
allowing hoisting (lowering) the front end of cushion up the required position, then release the
handle.

6. Handle of headrest adjustment

Turns the handle to adjust the headrest to the required position, then release it for locking the
position.

7. Elevation adjustion of backrest

Removes up forcibly the handle and turns the backrest tp the required degree, then release the
handle at the locking position.

Section XI Shift handle of transmission case

To use the short shift handle of transmission case provides a nice handfeel and easy manipulation. It may
reduce considerably the labour intensity of driver. The shift handle is set in the cabin, it is not easy to
fall gear and does not effect the turnover of the cabin.
  

Section XII Handbrake (parking brake with power storage by

spring)
The handbrake is located at the right side of instrument panel (Figure the brake valve spindle is on the
“Non-brake”postion.

Parking brake 

Handbrake Handbrake of trailer 

The spring brake can be fully released and let the truck move only after the signal of handbrake goes out
and the air pressure exceeds 0.65Mpa.

Alarm: do not drive the truck before the signal goes out!
After the signal extinguished, all booster systems can be operated (e.g.the clutch servo and auxiliary
transmission case shifting etc.). The brake can meet its specified performance only before the pressure
reservoir reaches 0.7Mpa (readable on the double pin chuck gauge) and the truct does fully enter into the
proper drive state.
Remark: The addition of the handbrake valve on the trailer is applied to brake the trailer during the
truck driving
The reset of the trailer handbrake valve can not be applied on the parking brake.

Section XIII Other interior devices

I. Glove box Tool box etc.
1. Standard and extended cabin
 

Glove box Deposit for objets e.g. ticket

Cup seat
2. High roofed cabin

Shown as arrowhead, a portable refrigerator may be put inside (option)

  

Refrigerator

II. Safety belt

A safety belt available for each seat.

1. Fasten the safety belt
Grasps the belt lock and round the belt over the shoulder, inserts lock pin into the buckle until the
mesh sound is heard.
2. Unfasten the safety belt
Shown as the arrowhead, presses down the red button on the safety belt buckle, draus the lock
pin and let the belt reset on its original position.
3. Instruction for safety belt alarm.
(1) In case of the key switch turned into the drive position. If the safety belt is well fastened, the lock
signal of the safety belt on the instrument panel does light; if not properly fastened, the signal
will keep lighting without buzzer alarm.
(2) In case of the engine started up. If the belt is not properly fastened, the lock signal of the safety
will light up, the buzzer alarms at low frequency and stops in 6s. After the safety belt has been
well fasentened, the signal goes out and the buzzer stops alarming.
(3) In case of the engine in operation. If the safety belt is drawn out, the signal lights up, the buzzer
alarms at low frequency for 6s.
Attention: Please fasten your safety belt prior to the departure! Check every day the safety belt
 

status and performance.

III. Sleeper
The HOWO trucks with extension and tall roof cabin are equipped with cushion; There is double
sleepers in the tall roof cabin; there the high sleeper may be lifted up to and stop at any random angle.

IV. Radio with USB interface

  

Function description of buttons

1－Power switch button
2.3.－button of radio station search, button of USB music choice
4－SEL button, option of sound effect mode
5, 6, 7, 9, 10,11－ Preset button
8－USB interface; 12－Preset button of DSP sound source
13－AUX. button
14－REST switch button
15－AST automatic search button, auto memory button
16－SRC button, USB/AUX shift button
17－BND sound source shift to FM/AM
18－LCD display

V. Drive recorder (option)

Section XIV Use of patrol combination switch (option)

The cruise combination switch includes three of CC, RES/+ and SET/-, the function of which are
detailed as follows:
The “CC”is the main switch of cruise automatically reset. To operate the button means to choose the
cruise function for entry into the cruise state, where the symbol “CC” on the display of combination
instrument flashes at the frequency of 90Hz.
The drive speed may be change by stepping on the throttle pedal. When releasing the throttle and
pressing on the SET/- button, the truck will get into the cruise mode, where the symbol “CC” on the
display of combination instrument remains on contant light.
Under the cruise mode, stepping down the brake and clutch pedals will temporarily retreat from the
cruise mode, where the symbol “CC” on the display of combination instrument flashes at the frequency
of 90Hz. To press again the RES/+ button will reenter into the temporaily retreated cruise mode.
There are two means for increasing the target rotate speed: presses down the SET/+ button after the new
targeted rotate speed reached or repeats the operation of RES/+ (One press will increase 1km/h).
There are also two ways available for decreasing the target rotate speed: presses down the SET/- button
after the new targeted rotate speed reached or repeats the operation of RES/-(One press will decrease
1km/h).
Attention:
a. The cruise speed can be set at the range of 35-105km/h, it will automatically retreat from the
cruise mode if the speed is lower than 35km/h or higher than 105km/h.
b. The time for one press on the RES/+ and SET/- buttons can not be longer than 559s, otherwise
the failure no 26 and 43 from the engine will notify. In case of the failure no 43, it can be
eliminated only after the engine shut down; provided the failure no 26 occurred, there is no need
to shut down the engine, the failure may be troubleshooted by releasing the switch.
c. With the engine failure occurree, the truck will automatically withdraw from the cruise mode.
d. The VEB1 or VEB2 of cruise combination switches are applied to the exhaust brake of engine.
 

Chapter II Preparation prior to the depature

Warning: Keeps the truck under sound condition, the drive with failure is prohibited!
The preparations prior to the drive include: prior to each of running, makes the routine check on the
engine startup and flameout.

Section I Routine check prior to each departure

I. Turns on the main power switch of full truck

II. Check the operation of complete circuit system (system self-check)

To rapidly proof various signal indication and light drives, the Fast Check/Demo mode is available.
I. Entry into Check mode
The key is on level 3; the gear arrangement on “N”, the rocker switch fully turn off. No step on
brake pedal and washer pump off duty, the cabin door opened, and keeps the high beam slide
switch working ca. 8s.(The high beam On).
2. Check process
The lighting devices drive in turn by Position lamp－Brake/Backup lights turns on; Rear
Fog/Duty lights on; Front Fog/Low beam on….and keep the order in circle. At the meantime, the
sigal indicators on the instrument panel brighten up in order, the instrument value indicator
swings repeatedly from 0 to the max. the information display repeats the display shifting within
the“Drive”,“Data Input”and “Data Output”.
In case of failure occurrence by system check, the information display will show the description
flash on the relevant failure(In case of multi-failure occurrence at the same time, the display will
run in circle.)

PTO valve failure

3. Withdraw from the Check mode

To do such, turns off the key switch, closes up the cabin door, starts up the engine, any of three
will retreat from the inspection mode.

III. Oil and liquid check and charge

1. Checks up with the coolant level and refuels as necessary
Opens the cover and checks the coolant level in water expansion tank. In case of the coolant
lower than the limit level, refuels the specified type of coolant up to the stated graduation.
  

Filler cover (pressure

releaf valve)

Attention:
1. For the HOWO trucks, the expansion tanks are generally mounted on the engine. In case of
the coolant addition, the charge can be made only with the cabin overturned.
2. Prior to turn over the cabin, the radiator cover must be opened at first!
The discharge valve on the expansion tank may maintain a certain pressure relative to the
barometric inside the coolant system, to increase the boiling point of coolant.
In the highland area, the discharge valve plays very important role, no random replacement and
damage are allowed.
In case of engine under high temperature, the coolant charge are made in two steps:
Step 1: Discharges slowly the high pressure from the charge neck.
Step 2: Opens the liquid charge cover, and adds the coolant while the engine is on idle state.

Warning: No coolant charge can be made when the engine remains on high
temperature!
2. Check the fuel volume
Opens the key switch,and checks the fuel amount from the fuel gauge. Provided the indication
inaccurate, please verify the fuel gauge and sensor.
3. Check the oil volume of engine
Parks the truck on the plane road surface. After the engine cooled down, draws out the oil
dipstick. The oil level should be between the upper and low graduations of dipstick (the oil
amount between upper and low level marks approx. 3 litres) if the level is lower than this mark
line, you need to refuel the specified type of oil through the refueling neck. Lids tightly the neck
cap after the state charge line has been reached.

Oil charge Oil

neck dipstick

4. Charge of washer spray solution

The charge neck of washer spray solution is on the two-stage treadboard from the left side of
cabin.
 

Unscrews the outer lid, and draws ou the adding neck. Turns it to adjust the position as shown in
above Figure , then starts adding.

IV. Checks and drains out the water in the air storage drum of brake system
Stops the truck. Draws down or pushes up the drain valve 1 to drain out the water in the air storage
cartrigdge. If the water and oil mixture is found, it shows the air dryer is invalid.,you have to replace the
dry drum in the air dryer.

V. Checks the tire pressure. If necessary, you may use the check joint 2 on the air
storage drum for air charge.
Check any leaks in the lubricant, the coolant and air pipelines

VI. Checks the air fitre

It is used in cold winter and dusty condition. The dust collection bag has to be emptied and cleaned up
every day. If fall off and damaged, the dust bag becomes bad in seal quality and the filter in poor effect.
The reparation should be mad in time, otherwise the engine and super charger will suffer from the early
wear.

Filter choke

Dust bag

If the air filter is blocked up, the signal lights up. If the choke signal of air filter shines when used under
normal condition, the filter elements should be cleaned or changed.

VII. Whether the cabin is locked or not

Warning: the cabin has to be locked up during the drive.

Verifies whether the cabin is locked up or not.If no, the signal of cabin lock will turn on. Then you have
to lock it up.
  

Overturn of
cabin

After the cabin locked up, it is to verify if the cabin lift cylinder is in the proper position. Check to see
the piston rod resets on its initial place.the adjustment has to be made if it can stabilized on the initial
position, otherwise the cabin susceptible of damage.
Prior to move up, checks if there are someones or obstacles around the truck.

Section II Engine startup

I. Turns on the power switch, turns the key on the position 4(START) to start up
the engine.
Attention:
During the truck run, do not turn off the key switch.it should be on the postion 3(ON) even during the
running.

II. Process of startup

Presses down the upper handbrake. Places the selector bar on the neutal. Turns the key to start up the
engine.
After startup, the charger indicator of engine will go out.
Attention:
△ The HOWO truck is equipped with the start protecting circuit. Under normal condition, it can not
start up if the selector rod engaged on the gear.
△ In case of initial startup failure, you need to place the key again on the position 2 to retry.
△ The time allowed for each startup is not longer than 15s. the interval between two stats are not
shorter than 30s.

III. Oil pressure after the startup

After the engine startup, observes the value displayed on the oil pressure gauge. If normal, the indicator
on the oil pressure gauge should turn off.
Attention:
The high speed revolution of cold engine is absolutely prohibited! If there is no display from the oil
pressure gauge after the engine startup, it should be shut down for overhaul.

IV. Use of supercharger

The supercharger is located on the rear upper part of engine and composed of the turbo-parts and pump
components.the turbine keeps run by the exhausted gas from the engine, driving the Coaxial pump wheel
in high speed, delivering the compressed air into the air intake of engine to increase the intake pressure
and engine power.
The rotor of supercharger runs extremely fast, the rotor bearing is compulsorily lubracted. The lubricant
is supplied from the main oil-way of engine. Once the engine shuts down, the oil supply stops.
Attention must be paid during the operation:
① When starting, the engine should run in idle mode ca.3-5mins, do not suddenly make the
 

throttle full open. The load application can be made only after the engine oil pressure and
temperature become normal.(especially for the startup in cold weather), otherwise the
supercharger bearing and sealing ring will suffer from damage due to lack of oil.
② In case of the flameout, the engine has to run by idle seed ca.3~5mins and flames out only
after the supercharger reduces the rotation speed. Special attention has to be paid that no fully
open throttle is made suddenly prior to the engine flameout, for full opened throttle suddenly
given will make the supercharger run in higher revolution speed, where by sudden flameout, the
oil pump will stop the oil supply and the rotor shaft, bearing and sealing ring fast burn out due to
lack of oil while the supercharger continues to rotate in high speed.
③ The supercharger has to be lubricated prior to restart after left unused longtime. After
removing the intake pipe from the supercharger, this is done by pouring clean lubricant into the
charge neck, otherwise the initial start will result in earlier wear due to lack of oil.

Section III Flameout of engine

I. Flameout operation procedure of the truck with electronic injection engine
Turns the switch key to the LOCK position (positon 2), the engine will flame out.
Turns off the power switch after the flameout and takes out the power switch key.

II. Flameout operation procedure of the truck with EGR engine

Steps down the button of air exhaust brake 1, and the engine will flame out.
Turns off the power switch after the flameout and takes out the power switch key.
Attention:
The engine will keep high temperature after heavy-duty operation, it should flame out after running in
idle speed about 3~5mins.
  

Chapter III Start moving and shift

Section I start moving
After the engine starts up, the truck can not start moving if the low pressure alarm signal lights up and
buzzers. With the pressure charge reaches up to 0.55MPa(5.5bars), the alarm signal goes out, buzzers
dies down, you can prepare to start moving by releasing the handbrake handle. Before the pressure of air
storage drum(read out from the air pressure gauge) reaches up to 0.7MPa(7bars), the truck has not yet
entered into a suitable driving state. The brake can play its full braking capability only after the pressure
of air storage drum reaches up to 0.7MPa (7bars).

6
5

4
1 

1．Exhaust button 2．Clutch pedal 3．Brake pedal 4．Throttle pedao 5．Handbrake valve 6．Trailer
handbrake

Section II Transmission gears and use of

I. The transmissions
HW20716/HW18709 are in remote control types divided into two kinds of command modes——Single
bar with double H/ Double bars with double H。The main transmission case HW20716 is hand-operated
and front aux.case air-operated. Figure 1 and 2 show respectively the postions of shifting mechanism and
shift handler and shift handler. When the preselection valve of handle is located on the positon H, the
handle may engage into the gears 1H-2H-3H-4H-5H-6H-7H-8H and RH; when the preselection valve of
handle is located on the positon L, the handle may engage into the gears1L-2L-3L-4L–5L–6L–7L-8L
and RL. The handle positions of the shifting mechanism HW18709, seen in Figure 5.
 

Creeper
gear

Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral

Reversed
gear

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

II. Air operated system

The 0.7-0.8Mpa compressed air from the vehicle is pneumatic source. HW20716 front, rear secondary
gearbox are all pneumatic controlling, the gear shifting of front gearbox was applied through pre-select
valve switch on handle, the pipe diagram shown in Figure 4( diagram of transmission gears shifting
pneumatic pipes), when the valve switch is in H region, air entering gears shifting cylinder upper inlet
through inlet 1 of two position five way valve, when the valve switch is in L region, air entering gears
shifting cylinder lower inlet through inlet 1 and inlet 4 of two position five way valve; HW18709 doesn’t
has gears shifting cylinder. Gear shifting of both transmission rear secondary gearbox are conducted
through dual H controlling mechanism, Fig 6 is pneumatic pipes diagram: opening P is air inlet of dual H
valve, opening A is connected to upper opening of gears shifting cylinder, opening B is connected to low
opening of gears shifting cylinder,
Note:
The exhaust port of double H must be installed face-down.

Shift handle
Lower port, gear Upper port, gear
shiftging cylinder shiftging cylinder

Two 5-way valves

Full vehicle air source

Clutch booster cylinder

Upper port, gear

shiftging cylinder

B
Lower port, gear
P shiftging cylinder
A

Upper port, range

gears cylinder

Lower port, range

gears cylinder

Figure 4
  

Section III Operation of differential

Wheel differential switch Wheel differential switch

The Drive axle is fitted with differential lock. In case of the wheel skidding or slumping into wallow, the
use of differential lock may increase the trafficability characteristic of vehicle. The differential lock
includes inter-wheel and inter-shaft differential locks.
Attention: no inter-wheel differential lock available for HOWO rear axle!

I. Operation of the inter-wheel differential locks for the vehicles, 4x2 and 6x2
Warning: The operation of inter-wheel differential lock is only allowed when the truck runs
straightly
1. Mesh-in of differential lock: the differential lock can be meshed in only when the truck stays in
stable state or runs in straight line (similar as human walk galt).
Presses down the switch of wheel differential. After the mesh-in of differential, the inter-wheel
differential indicator on the instrument panel lights up.

Warning: During the run, the clutch must be disengaged prior to mesh-in!
2. Disengagement of differential lock: release the throttle, steps down the clutch, presses the upper
part of the differential switch. After the differential lock is disengaged, the inter-wheel
differential indicator on the instrument panel goes out.

II. Operation of the inter-wheel differential locks for the vehicles, 6×4、6×6 and 8×4
Principle of differential lock operation: engages the inter-shaft differential lock first, then inter-wheel
differential lock.
1. Inter-shaft differential lock
The inter-shaft differential lock is used to lock up the inter-shaft differentials between the
primary and secondary axles.
Engagement of inter-shaft differential lock: the differential lock can be meshed in only when the
truck stays in parking state or runs in straight line(similar as human walk galt).
Presses down the differential switch. After the differential lock is engaged, the inter-wheel
differential indicator on the instrument panel lights up.

Warning: During the run, the clutch must be disengaged prior to mesh-in!
2. Inter-wheel differential lock
The operation of the inter-wheel differential lock is same with those of models 4×2 and 6×2

Warning: The inter-wheel differential lock can be used onlu when the truck runs in straight
line.
Attention:
 

1. The truck can not make turn and run in high speed before the indicator of inter-wheel differential
lock goes out.
2. After the truck passes the ring road, the differential lock should be unlocked immediately, the
throttle released, the rocker switch flipped back on the original position. Once the indicators on
the switch and the instrument panel die down, the function of differential lock are lifted.

Section IV Operation of PTO (Rear PTO of transmission as

exemple)
Switch”N”of PTO Switch of PTO
PTO

Attention: The PTO can be only used under low gears.

I. PTO engagement:
Steps down the clutch pedal, presses down the PTO switch to get it engaged, meanwhile, the indicator on
the instrument panel will light up; then shifts the gear, releases the clutch. The PTO plays role only after
the gear engagement.
The PTO run in the counter direction when engaged with reverse gear.

II. PTO disengagement

Steps down the clutch pedal and presses down the PTO switch. Releases the clutch pedao ca. 3s, to cut
off the PTO . At the meantime. the indicator on the instrument panel goes out.

III. Operation of PTO’s “N” gear

The N gear switch of PTO performs as the lock device of transmission, the purpose of which is to
prevent the truck’s continous run after the PTO engagement.
During the PTO operation, the truck can not start driving.
1. Use of “N”gear switch of PTO
When parking, the truck is required to use the PTO which controls the “N” gear switch.
Warning: In case of use, the transmission has to engage into the low gear!
z Engages the transmission into the low gear and presses down the PTO switch!
z Presses down the“N”gear switch of PTO, the compressed air will force the transmission gear into
the N position (no output from the aux.case of transmission, but the main transimission may
effect gear shifting), and place the truck into parking position. At the meantime, the indicator on
the instrument panel will light up; gets through the PTO for power output.
2. Lifting of the “N”gear switch of PTO
z Engages the transmission into “N”gear;
z It is done just by pressing down the upper part of the “N”gear switch of PTO.
Warning: prior to lift, the transimission has to be engaged into “N” gear!
★ Special remark: In case of the transmission case of HD truck, the PTO will be powered directly
from the main transmission case without the N gear switch of PTO.
  

Chapter IV Brake system

The brake system has four sets of braking devices: drive brake(foot brake).Assistant brake(engine
exhaust brake),emergency stop brake(handbrake) and trailer brake(refers to the trailer)

Section I Drive brake

Brake pressure 1 Brake pressure 2

       Brake pedal

Exhaust brake button

Main brake valve

Brake cylinder

   
Control cylinder of exhaust
Brake butterfly valve

It is pedal-operated and braked via double looped pressure with the work pressure in 0.75MPa. The
cut-off pressure of pressure-regulator valve is 0.81MPa. the first loop functions on the wheels of rear
drive axle or double rear drive axles. The secondary loop acts on the wheels of front axle. In case where
the pressure in the air storage drum within one of two loops reduces lower than 0.55MPa, the pressure
indicator on the instrument panel will light up, if such case, you have to stop the truck at once, and find
out the cause of pressure leakage.
To make full brakes repeatedly in short time may also reduce the pressure lower than 0.55MPa.
Pressure leakage check: Shuts down the engine. In 2 hours after the handbrake control lever lifted up, the
max pressure drop is 0.05MPa, or max. 0.01MPa within 30mins.

Section II Assistant brake

In case of use, steps down the exhaust brake button to shut down the engine(the electronic injection
engine will not flame out, but the exhaust pressure increase). The driving truck may use the engine
energy as the booster brake.
The exhaust brake has to be applied on down slope; on the snowy and muddy road, the use of exhaust
brake may reduce the side slippage; when passing each other and on the worse quality road, it may help
slow down in advance.
The use of exhaust brake may reduce the number of main brake times and alleviate the wears and
heating of the tires and wheel brake, thus extending their service life.
 

Attention:
● In case of the transmission in N gear, the assistant brake has not effect. In case of low gear, the
exhaust brake is more effective.
● For the EGR engine, this device shares the same unit with the flameout switch.

Section III Emergency and parking brakes

The handbrake can also play role as the emergency and parking brakes, which takes its effect via the
spring energy storage brake cylinder on the rear drive axle. The parking brake is implemented by
operating the handle of handbrake valve. In case of failure in the brake system, the emergency brake will
take action through the push from the energy storage spring.
The brake of the energy storage spring can be fully lifted only after the pressure in brake system is
higher than 0.55MPa and the signal of hand brake die down.
Use of handbrake: this is done by drawing down the handle. At the same time, the indicator on the
instrument panel will light up.

Relieve position Braking position

1. Handle of handbrake valve 2. Handle of trailer handbrake valve
Attention:
● The handbrake has to be used when parking!
● Prior to start up the engine, the handbrake handler has to be set on the brake position; otherwise
the formerly available brake effect will be released after the pressure in brake system increased

Section IV Trailer braking (refers to the trailer)

Trailer braking

1.Joint of double pipelined air storage cartridges (read) 2. Joint of double-pipelined brake (yellow) 3. 7 hole-trailer socket.
The trailer brake is used to brake the trailer or half-trailer, independent from the brake system of the
trailer.
When relieving the handler of trailer handbrake, it will automatically reset on its former position (Figure
  

above. the handler on its original position)

Section V ABS operation

When the indicator of ABS testing lights up, it shows the failure of ABS. For the ABS inspection,
maintenance and service, please refers to the pipeline in following text.

Section VI Cautions required for use of brake system

I. Emergence release of spring brake cylingder
When the pipleline connecting the spring brake cylinder causes the auto-brake due to the leakage, the
release of the brake can be made by unscrewing the bolt on the cylinder to the loose position.
Attention:
1. The 1st gear should be engaged prior to release the spring brake cylinder, and check to see if the
drive brake(foot brake) is in normal condition.
2. Prior to release the spring brake cylinder on the slop, the wheels have to be weddged to prevent
the truck from slipping.

II. Gas inflated joint

To install the air dryer combination, the pressure regulator valve and air dryer are to be integrated into
one combination. The air charge joint is set on the air storage cartridge.
After the air charge hose fixed on the charge joint, you can start blowing up the tires, or supplying the
truck air pipeline with the external air source.

III. Brake pipeline maintenance

The following provisions have to be respected when performing the welding, cut-weld or boring near the
plastic hose used for brake performance.
● First, exhausts the air from the pipeline;
● Cover the pipeline to prevent being hurt by flame and heat chips,
● The heat tolerance of no pressure pipe is at 130℃ and the duration 1 hour.

Warning: The insert fittings connecting the power of battery and electronic elements (main
controller, drive, instrument and ECU of ABS etc) have to be cut off at first!
 

Chapter V Use in winter

Section I Cooling system
The anti-freeze/corrosive coolant applied by the coolant system can prevent freezing above －35℃. If
the truck runs under the temperature below－35℃, the coolant concentration may be appropriately
increased
Attention: It is not allowed to use the coolant combined with two types of products.
The coolant system should be thoroughly cleaned up when replacing by different product.

Section II Brake device

The water condensed in the air storage cartridge should be drained in time to prevent from freezing . Be
carefull to check the performance of air dryer.
Under normal condition, the service life of dry agent is two years. If the dirts are found from the
drainage of air storage cartridge, it shows that the dry agent looses its efficiency and be replaced
immediately.

Section III Battery

The level and gravity of battery electrolytic are to be checked monthly. The level should be at 10-15mm
higher than negative plate, the gravity above 1.24g/cm3.If useless and under lower temperature for
longtime, it is preferably to take out the battery and store it in a warm room.
Each time after 500km run, the check should be made to see if the battery poles and lead clamps are
loose, and the battery performance normal.
  

Chapter VI Towing
Section I abutting joint of trailer
Semi trailer

The trailer saddle seat is applied to implement the abutting joint between the the trailer and semi-trailer.
The procedure of abutting joint is shown as follows:

1. Fixes the semi-trailer to prevent the wheels from rolling.

2. lifts up the handle 1 of saddle seat,passing it through the long hole on the upper part, then
drawing it out until the handle bar and position notch retain the saddle seat housing, which, at the
moment is open to mesh in.

3. Abutting joint of truck reverse. After the tracting pin has been entered into the saddle, the lock
hook 3 and weddge block 2 will automatically lock up the tracting pin for completing the
abutting joint, then the handle will reset on the initial position identifying the correct joint.

Section II Trailer disengagement

 

I. Fixes the semi-trailer or full trailer to prevent the wheel from rolling.

II. Before the trailer is disengaged from the semi-trailer or full-trailer with
double-pipelined brake system, the operation must be in this order： disconnect
the fitting of air storage reservoir (red) firstly, then disconnect the brake lines
(yellow), otherwise the trailer brake will release.

III. Disengagement of the full-trailer:

Push handle A forward (in the direction of the vehicle forward) to the end, make the traction pin away
from the chain link, drive the trailer forward at this time to get it disengagement. If the trailer will not be
jointed in a long time, please reset the handle A.

IV. Disengagement of the semi-trailer:

Pull out the bolster handle until its locating slot hold housing of the bolster, the wedge 2 will unlock
from the latch hook now, drive the trailer forward, the latch hook will turn, release the traction pin to
finish the disengagement. If the trailer will not be jointed in a long time, please reset the bolster handle 1.

Section III Important instructions

I. When the compressed-air lines and electrical lines are connected, these lines
should not be pressed, intertwisted or rubbed by the vehicle turning or
jumping.

II. After the compressed-air lines have been connected, the load sensing pressure
regulating valve should be adjusted (if it is assembled), the adjustment should
comply to requirement of the trailer manufacture.

III. If double line brake system is connected, the joint should be coupled in identity
colour, i.e. the red line with the red one (RH) , and the yellow line with the
yellow one (LH).
  

Chapter VII Replacement of wheels

I. When replacing the wheels, pay attention to not hurt the screw thread of the wheel bolts.
II. No paint, grease or other dirt should be on the matching surface of brake drum and the rim.
III. The matching surface of the wheel nut should be clean, without dirt or oil stain.
IV. Before the wheel is mounted, the outer circle faces that matching with the wheel alignment hole
and wheel trim differential case should be clean, and apply a little grease.
V. Apply a little grease, oil or other anti-adhesion liquid to the thread of the wheel bolts and nuts.
VI. All the threads of the wheel nuts are right hand thread.Put on the wheel, tighten the nuts in
cross-sequence with the wheel suspended, then lower the wheel, tighten the nuts to 550-600Nm.
The wheel nuts must be retightened after the vehicle drive 50Km every time the tire is
reinstalled.Check and retighten the wheel nuts every 1000Km after that.
 

Chapter VIII Running-in of new vehicle

The mileage of running-in is specified as 2000－4000km.Carry out the routine check of the vehicle
before the running-in, make sure that the vehicle is in proper working condition.
Precautions of running-in
1. Do not accelerate right after the engine being start, the speed of engine should rise after the
engine is in normal working temperature.
2. In running-in period the vehicle should drive on flat road.
3. To shift in time and join the clutch smoothly, avoid sudden acceleration and emergency brake.
4. The vehicle should be in low geared in front of uphill, to avoid the engine running in very low
speed.
5. New vehicle must not drive in high speed with full load.Pay attention to every kinds of indicate
lamps and warning lamps!
6. Check and control the oil pressure and coolant temperature of the engine in normal range.Always
pay attention to the temperature of transmission, front and rear axle, axle hub, and brake drum, if
temperature is too high, find out the reason and make adjust or repair.
7. The wheel nuts must be tightened in specified torque value after the initial 50km driving and
after each wheel replacement.
After running-in of the vehicle, check and maintain the vehicle according to maintenance
specification of the “first check” in instruction manual.
  

Chapter IX Tilting lift and suspension system of the

cabin
Section I Tilting lift system of the cabin

Figure 1 Figure 2
1. Manual operation hydraulic oil pump 2. Converter handle 3. Tommy bar . oil plug

Figure 3 Figure 4

I. Tilting of the cabin

1. Take out the Insecure objects from the cabin before tilting.
2. Open the face protector before tilting.
3. Nobody should stand close to the front of cabin when tilting! (Figure 4)
4. Turn the switch handle of tilting oil pump to “↑”, and tilt the cabin by turn the oil pump
manually.
5. Reset the cabin: turn the switch handle of tilting oil pump to“↓”, and tilt the cabin back by turn
the oil pump.

Warning: The cabin will reset automatically when the lock pin is 40－100mm from the latch
hook, as the oil cylinder may drop automatically near the end,.
6. When the cabin drop down, the rubber bellows attaching to the intake duct must
join the low intake duct in position, to keep the dirt off. Lock sign lamp

7. Check the Lock sign lamp on instrument panel at last.The lock sign lamp will
light if the cabin is unlock.
Caution: The cabin should be turned to limit position every time, all the operation must
be conducted after the cabin getting across top dead point.
 

Nobody may enter the cabin when it is tilting up.

II. Fill oil and discharge air of the tilting system

To fill oil and discharge air in tilting system, the cabin must be back in origin position.
The hydraulic fluid should be HVN32 anti-freeze fluid, and the amount filling in is about 0.4 liter.Check
the hydraulic fluid for cleanness, fill in if it meets the requirement.
procedure of the filling:
(1) Remove oil plug 4 and fill up specific fluid.
(2) Filling oil as tilting up the cabin by running the pump manually.
(3) Drop the cabin at the same time make the redundant oil spill out.
(4) Tilting up the cabin using the oil pump once more, check the fluid level and fill up after the cabin
drop back.
(5) Screw the oil plug at last.

III. Check function of tilting system

1. Turn the cabin to top dead point, and observe dropping of cabin after exceeding the TDP，if the
cab drop down slowly with damp and without impact, that means the system operate normally.
2. The cabin should keep it position for 20min without sinkage as tilted for about 30 degree。

IV. Use of electric power lifting (example of A7)

Motor  Pump Lifting cylinder

Configuration of lifting
Limit strip 
device

1-manual pump 2-motor (electric power) 3-Switch (electric power) 4-soil plug 5- reverser
6- cavity of tommy bar 7- cab tilting rocker switch
  

The cabin tilting lift device equipped on A7 cabin can operate by electric power or manual, the manual
operation is identical to that of HOWO.
Operation of electric lifting: Press the “cab tilting rocker switch” 7 in cabin firstly, then switch reverser 5
to “↑” or “↓”(corresponding to lifting or reset position of cabin respectively), and press the switch 3
continuously can lift or drop the cabin.
Caution: after this operation, the “cab tilting rocker switch” 7 in cabin must be reset, to avoid dangerous
from misoperation by others.

Section II Suspension of the cabin

I. Cabin suspension of HOWO
1. Front suspension:

2
3 

1 

1. Air spring assembly of front suspension (or helical spring assembly) 2. Height control valve assembly 3 tilting pivot of
cabin

Warning: The pressure of air bag must not be higher than 2kg when adjusting.
2. Rear suspension

With air spring With helical spring

1 hydraulic lock assembly 2 rear suspension shock absorber(air bag) 3 locating block assembly 4 lateral stabilizer
shaft 5 height control valve 6 rear suspension shock absorber(helical spring)
◇ Coat lithium base grease to hydraulic lock assembly and the mating lock shaft.
◇ The height of left and right rear suspension shock absorber should be identical (regulate the
length of left and right rear suspension shock absorber to 270±2mm by adjust the nuts on
push rod)
◇ Caution: If the front and rear suspension are air bag type, the oil stains that attached on air bag
while using and repair should be clean in time to prevent the air bag age.
 

3. Suspension system inspcetion

After the cabin has been installed on chassis, please apply “cabin tilting→reset” operation.
(1) Check the front and rear air bag for their charge and discharge function, and the pivot for turn
lightness
(2) Check the hydraulic lock for the engagement and disengagement function, and check the lock
signal lamp of hydraulic lock function (under normal circumstances the lamp will go out when
the hydraulic lock is Lock-up, and light on when the lock disengagement).

II. Cabin suspension of HOWO－A7

™ The suspension of A7 cabin is four-point suspended, which can obtain more comfortable ride.
™ The suspension of cabin is divided into front suspension and rear suspension.
™ The front suspension of cabin is composed of front suspension lower support, front suspension
transition support, pivot assembly, low and high locating block, and front shock absorber
assembly.
™ The rear suspension of cabin is composed of rear suspension support, rear suspension transition
support, lateral stabilizer shaft shock absorber assembly, locating block, and rear shock absorber
assembly.
™ The shock absorber can divided into helical spring and air spring shock absorber, the air spring
shock absorber is supplied by the world famous auto component parts supplier sabo(from Italia)
1. Configuration of front and rear suspension:

Lateral stabilizer

shock absorber
Front suspension
transition bracket
Transition
bracket
Hydraulic lock
Height assembly
adjusting valve

Shock absorber
Turning shaft assembly assembly

Height
adjusting valve
Stop block Rear
suspension
Front suspension low
low bracket
bracket
Height adjusting valve
Height adjusting valve applicable to air spring only
applicable to air spring only

Configuration of A7 cabin front suspension Configuration of A7 cabin rear suspension

2. Parameters of shock absorber：

(1) Initial height of shock absorber: Front 290mm, Rear 380mm
(2) Service medium: compressed air
(3) Normal working pressure: 6--8Bar
  

3. Air bag height adjustment

I. The initial height of front shock absorber is 290mm, the
height adjusted by intaking air of height adjusting valve
air bag.
II. The opening 1 of height adjusting valve is inlet, connected
to air source and downwards; opening 2 should be
upwards and connected to air spring.
III. The air spring charged may adjust its height by the screw OUT (to air bag)
of push rod, with empty cabin; the length of absorber is
290mm, ±2mm

Air outlet
Supporting disc bottom
Air intake

Height adjustment of front air bag shock absorber assembly

I. The initial height of rear shock absorber is 380mm, the height
adjusted by intaking air of height adjusting valve air bag. Hydraulic lock hatch
II. The opening 1 of height adjusting valve is inlet, connected to
air source and downwards; opening 2 should be upwards and Stop block
connected to air spring.
III. The air spring charged may adjust its height by the screw of Hydraulic lock assembly
push rod, with empty cabin, the length of absorber is 380mm,
Lateral stabilizer
±2mm

Transition bracket
Retainer

OUT (to air bag)

 
Adjusting rod

Height adjusting valve

Height adjustment of front air bag shock absorber assembly

 

Part II General description of main components of

HOWO vehicle
ChapterI Engine
SectionⅠ General of HOWO-09 engine
I. Main model of 09 engine

- High pressure common rail Euro3 engine, with high torque and low speed

- Electronic control EGR Euro3 engine

- High pressure common rail Euro3 engine, equipped on A7 only

-12L volume high pressure common rail Euro3 engine, full launch
II. Main improvements of 09 engine
I. Sinotruk Euro 3 engine Electronic control Euro 3 series engine

High pressure common rail Euro3 engine Developed by Sinotruk and

RICARDO,DELPHI ,
Adopting electronic controlling
Typical characteristics in-line plunger pump, with the
electronic EGR system
266PS, 290PS 336PS: the rated speed 2100 rpm adjusted to 1900rpm, four technology broken-through,
valves to two valves, standard equipped EVB(exhaust brake), maximum which achieve success two years
torque from 1100 NM,1170 NM,1350NM rise to 1190 NM,1290NM, 1490NM later through amounts of test, at
respectively. last the electronic control
375PS rated speed 2100rpm adjusted to 2000rpm, four valves, standard EGR Euro 3 series engine is
equipped EVB(exhaust brake), maximum torque from 1500 NM to 1590 NM. developed, and put forward to
Common rail engine all equipped with dual power switch, the user may the market in 2008.welcom by
select the output power according to vehicle load conditions. users for its well fuel economic,
suitable to all fuel types,
powerful, reliable, service
convenience, and got well
Power Rated sales performance
Torque
speed
Model
WD615 high
WD615 high pressure
pressure
commonrailrail
common Euro
Euro 3
3 series
series diesel
diesel

Natural gas engine

WT615 series CNG engine

inherit the compacted structure
of WD615 series, with its gas
feed system and fire ignition
technology advanced than other
likely products, the ignition
advance angle is optimum,
providing accuracy controlled
injection gas volume, high
combustion efficiency, and
large high torque range, thus
allow the vehicle start well,
accelerating and climbing uphill
performance is excellent,
compared to other similar
power engine, this series
engines have fine fuel economy
at all operation range, therefore
reduce the operating cost
obviously.
  

II. D12-12 liters high pressure common rail engine III. Technical improvements to engine components

New designed Sinotruk D12 series engine, is

1. Application of exhaust valve
the most representative heavy duty truck
brake(EVB)
engine, the power range is 340-460Ps. For the engine with EVB, when the truck
Sinotruk developed a series of new driving on long downhill road or need
technology, get remarkable achievements, slowing down, it is probably to obtain great
the large displacement and power of D12 brake power by depress the EVB button, the
allow it provide adequate motivation to the Sinotruk EVB may provide about 240Hp
vehicle, meanwhile, the maximum torque at brake power, by reduce the use frequency of
large speed range, providing the D12 with service brake, its service life can be
perfect fuel economy and driving extended greatly Two valves EVB Four valves EVB
performance.

2. Application silicon oil fan

Excellent advantages
Silicon oil fan is equipped on all common rail engine, the
1) With new generation electric control common rail fuel system of DENSO corporation,
sensitive reaction to temperature change of silicon oil fan,
providing more accuracy injection fuel spray; make the engine achieve constant temperature rapidly,
2) The technical improvement to DLC fuel injection nozzle brings more perfect reliable and
resistance to wear;
3) Silicon oil fan is more sensitive to temperature change, make the engine achieve constant
temperature rapidly, well integrated common rail technology bring obvious fuel-saving
effect;
4) Engine exhaust valve brake(EVB) technology may provide about 240Hp braking power, Avalanche diode application to
Excellent advantages
which extend the brake and tires service life greatly; generators
5) The generators with avalanche diode bring the vehicle electric circuit and electrical control
quality to a higher level; 1) The interior fan possesses fine cooling effect, prevent the
electrical parts from failure by overheat.
2) It can eliminate the generator over voltage by the engine
speed or vehicle load change violently, meanwhile can
protect the regulator, extend the generator service life.
3) It can limit the pulse voltage from electrical system load
switching to avalanche voltage. Range.
4) It improve the generator electromagnetic compatibility,
which provide better protection for the micro electrical
parts on vehicle ,such as ECU.

The start protection function added to common rail engine

To prevent generator damage from unusual start, the Sinotruk added start
protection function to Euro 3 engine ECU

Application of exhaust valve brake (EVB) technology

The engine exhaust valve keeps open slightly during the compression stroke
and expansion stroke, a part of gas leaks from exhaust valve at compression
stroke, thus reduce the power to the piston, and improve the engine brake power

Primary function of Sinotruk EVB system: As the truck driving on long

downhill road, provide exhaust brake, add vehicle brake power, and reduce
service brake usage frequency and worn, improve the driving safety and reduce
the driver working strength.

Sinotruk EVB system brake through exhaust butterfly valve with high
pressure in exhaust pipe, it is completely mechanical means, no electrical Two valve CEVB
device added, low cost and little change parts, as well as convenient service.

For problems reflected by users that

inadequate exhaust brake power, adopting
the EVB special butterfly valve, can
improve the exhaust brake efficiency
greatly, the connection way and size is
identical to existing brake pipes, with
fully interchangeability.
Warning: New butterfly valve may
replace the old butterfly valve before
2009, however the old butterfly valve
must not use on engine with EVB. Four valve CEVB
EVB butterfly
valve
 

ChapterII Clutch
SectionI General of clutch
I. Function of clutch and principle of friction clutch
1. Function of clutch
(1) Transfer power steadily to get the vehicle start smoothly;
(2) Cut off power temporarily to make the gear shift smooth;
(3) Keep the drive train from overload.
2. Friction clutch operation principle
Friction clutch transfer power of engine by means of friction principle. If there gaps between
flywheel and clutch disc, the clutch disc will not driven by flywheel and the clutch is
disengaged.When the disc is pressed to flywheel by pressure, the friction force from flywheel to
the disc drive the disc rotate, and the clutch is engaged.

Flywheel Clutch disc

Driven shaft

Clutch operation principle

The clutch can transfer power through mode as below:

Friction mode——friction clutch
Hydraulic drive——fluid coupling
Magnetic drive——magnetic clutch
The friction clutch is adopted mostly on automobile.
3． Principle performance requirement for friction clutch
(1) Disengaged completely to make it easy to shift;
(2) Coupling softly to guarantee the vehicle start smooth.
(3) The inertia moment of driven part should be as small as possible, to reduce shifting impaction to
gears;
(4) Well heat dissipation to guarantee the clutch operation normally.
  

II. Configuration of clutch:

1. Active part: flywheel , pressure plate, clutch cover etc;
2． Driven part: clutch disc, driven shaft (the first shaft of transmission);
3. Pressing part: pressing spring;
4. Control mechanism: release lever, support strut of release lever, rocker pin, release sleeve, release
bearing, clutch pedal etc.

Clutch disc Shock absorber disc Clutch cover

Clutch disc hub

Shock absorber
Flywheel damping plate Clutch pressure plate

Circular distributing spring clutch configuration

Flywheel Clutch disc Pressure plate Swing block Support strut of release lever

Release lever

Transmission first
Free clearance shaft bearing cover

Driven shaft (first shaft)

Release sleeve

Release bearing

Pressing spring
Clutch cover

Configuration of single disc circular distributing spring clutch

III. Operating process of clutch

1. Operating process of clutch
To learn the operating process of clutch, the follow major terms should be known:
△ Free clearance: the clearance between front end surface of release bearing and release lever end
as the clutch engagement.
△ Separation clearance: clearance from front surface of clutch disc to flywheel and back surface
to pressure plate.
 

△ Cutch pedal free travel: the travel from the pedal depressed to the free clearance eliminated.
△ Clutch pedal operating travel: After the free clearance eliminated, continue to depress the
clutch pedal will produce separation clearance, and the pedal travel of this process is operating
travel.
The operating processes of clutch can divided into separation process and engage process.
During the separation process, depressing the clutch pedal will eliminate the free travel of clutch firstly,
and form the separation clearance, by this mean the clutch is separated.
During the engage process, release the clutch pedal slowly, the pressure plate moved forward by the
pressing spring, eliminating the separation clearance firstly, then apply adequate pressure on the pressure
disc, clutch disc and surface of flywheel; the release bearing will be moved back by the reset spring,
which can form free clearance, and the clutch is engaged.

Free travel Operating

travel
Clutch pedal
Support strut
Flywheel Clutch disc Pressure of release Swing block
plate lever
Pulling rod

Release fork
Release
lever
Transmission first shaft bearing cover
Free clearance

Driven shaft
(first shaft)
Release sleeve
Release bearing
Pressing spring
Clutch cover

Operating process of clutch

2. Clutch adjustment
During the operation process, the clutch disc will turn thinner for worn, so that the free clearance
will diminish, as a result the clutch normal engagement will be effected, so the clutch need
adjustment after working for a period of time.
Clutch adjustment is to make sure a proper clutch free clearance.
The position and method for adjustment are specified according to vehicle model.

Section II Friction clutch

The spring clutch can divided into circular distributing spring clutch, central spring clutch and circular
inclining distributing spring clutch according to different distribution of pressing spring.

I. Circular distributing spring clutch

Circular distributing spring clutch: Simple structure, easy to manufacture. The spring contacts pressure
plate directly can make it easy to anneal; when the engine running at high speed, the circular distributing
spring will protrude severely by the centrifugal force, which will reduce the pressure evidently, cause
severe worn to contact surface, and break the spring furthermore.
  

1. Configuration of single disc circular distributing spring clutch

The feature is that all helical spring circular distributing.

Single disc clutch of EQ1090E model

1- Flywheel housing bottom plate; 2-flywheel; 3-fricition disc rivet; 4-clutch disc body;
5-fircition disc; 6-shock absorber plate; 7-shock absorber spring; 8-shock absorber
damping piece; 9-damping piece rivet; 10-clutch disc hub; 11-transmission first
shaft(clutch driven shaft); 12-damping spring rivet; 13-shock absorber damping spring;
14-clutch disc rivet; 15- clutch disc rivet casing; 16-pressure plate; 17-clutch cover
locating pin; 18-flywheel cover; 19-clutch cover; 20 support strut of release lever;
21-swing supporting plate; 22-floating pin; 23-release lever adjusting nut; 24- release
lever spring; 25-release lever; 26-release bearing; 27-release sleeve reset spring;
28-release sleeve; 29-transmission first shaft bearing cover; 30-releasing fork; 31-pressing
spring; 32-transmitting piece rivet; 33- transmitting piece

Sinotruk 420 spring clutch

(clutch cover, clutch disc)
2. Configuration of dual disc circular distributing spring clutch
The feature is there are two clutch discs and two pressuring plates, usually used on heavy truck.
 

Supporting pin
Flywheel
Adjusting nut
Pressing piece
Medium pressuring plate

Pressuring plate Locking screw

Release lever
Release bearing

Clutch disc
Release sleeve

Pressing spring
Clutch cover
Release spring
Limiting screw
Locking block Locking nut

Dual disc circular distributing spring clutch

II. Central spring clutch

The feature is that spring and clutch is coaxial, one spring or two coaxial inner and outer springs
compacted, with the spring distributing in center. Advantages: the spring will not contact the pressure
plate directly, so the spring will not heat, and the pressure may be adjusted.
Release swing rod
Flywheel
Pressing plate
Release spring
Clutch cover
Adjusting ring
Clutch disc
Transiting rod

Clutch disc
Central (pressing) spring

Release sleeve
Medium pressuring plate
Balance disc
Supporting pin
Transiting pin
Pressuring lever

Central spring clutch on Long March XD2150 model

  

III. Circular inclining distributing spring clutch

The advantage is the stable operating performance, and the force for disengagement is smaller.

IV. Diaphragm spring clutch

1. Configuration and operation principle of diaphragm spring clutch
(1) Configuration of diaphragm spring clutch

 
Pedal

Sketch of diaphragm spring clutch configuration

  

Clutch housing
Release sleeve and release
bearing assembly

Flywheel

Clutch disc

Pressing plate
Steel wire Supporting
ring (interior) Clutch active
cylinder
Diaphragm spring

Steel wire supporting

ring (outer)
Clutch cover
Revit

Diaphragm spring clutch for Beijing Cherokee Valeo430 pulled diaphragm spring clutch(clutch
cover, clutch disc)

(2) Diaphragm spring clutch operation principle

Clutch cover Clearance L

Release spring hook In position

Clutch disc
Steel wire Supporting ring (interior)

Pressing plate Steel wire supporting

ring (outer) Operation process

Rivet
flywheel

Diaphragm Spring

Release sleeve

Diaphragm spring clutch operation principle

2. Advantages and disadvantages of diaphragm spring clutch

The advantage of diaphragm spring clutch may be analyzed base on properties of helical spring
and diaphragm spring.
The helical spring has linear property and the diaphragm spring has nonlinear property.
1> Advantages of diaphragm spring clutch
(1) Large and stable transferred torque.
(2) Low stiffness release figure;
(3) Simple and compact structure
(4) Perfect balance performance in high speed;
(5) Well ventilation and heat dissipation performance
  

(6) Long service life friction disc.

Helical spring
2> Disadvantages of diaphragm spring clutch
(1) Difficult manufacture;
Diaphragm Spring
(2) Low stiffness release figure, low disengage
efficiency;
(3) Stress concentration easy to form at foot of
release figure;
(4) Tip of release figure is easy worn.
Characteristics of diaphragm spring and helical spring
3. Configuration of diaphragm spring clutch
There are pushing and pulling structures of diaphragm spring clutch.
Feature of pushing structure: The release figure is pushed by the release bearing and the clutch
is disengaged.
Feature of pulling structure: The release figure is pulled by the release bearing and the clutch is
disengaged.

Pressure plate
Pressure plate
Clutch disc
Clutch disc
Release bearing
Release bearing

Pushing force Pulling force

Flywheel
Flywheel
Pushing diaphragm spring clutch
Pulling diaphragm spring clutch

Pushing and pulling diaphragm spring clutch

Pushing diaphragm spring clutch

The pushing diaphragm spring clutch can be divided into three kinds according to the number of
supporting rings: dual supporting ring, single supporting ring and non-supporting ring.
(1) Dual supporting ring
There is one supporting ring in front of diaphragm spring and another on at the back of the
spring.
 

Pushing Pushing Pushing

HF model DS model DST model

Dual supporting ring diaphragm spring clutch

Transiting strip Diaphragm spring

Pressure plate

Flywheel

Crankshaft

Clutch disc

Front supporting ring

Rear supporting ring

Clutch cover

Transmission input shaft

Release hook
Release bearing
Dual supporting ring clutch of car Santana

(2) Single supporting ring

There is only one supporting ring locating at front or rear end of diaphragm spring, another
supporting ring is replaced by the convex plate of clutch cover or the circlip.
  

Pushing Pushing Pushing

DBV model GMF model DB/DBP model

Single supporting ring diaphragm spring clutch

(3) Non-supporting ring

There is no supporting ring in front of diaphragm spring and at the back of the spring.

Pushing
Pushing Pushing
DBR model D/DR model CP model

Non-supporting ring diaphragm spring clutch

Pulling diaphragm spring clutch

There are two types of pulling diaphragm spring clutch: non-supporting ring, single supporting
ring.
(1) Non-supporting ring
(2) Single supporting ring
 

Pulling Pulling
Pulling
Non-supporting ring MFZ Single supporting ring DT/DTP Single supporting ring GMFZ
Non-supporting ring Single supporting ring

Ⅴ. Manner of clutch pressuring plate power transferring and clutch ventilation and heat
dissipation
1. Manners of pressuring plate power transferring
The pressuring plate is clutch active component, which rotate following the flywheel, and the rotation is
transferred from the flywheel by , key or pin, the pressuring plate also may move back from the flywheel
to disengage the clutch.

Key driving transferring

Convex plate transferring Pin driving transferring

Manners of pressuring plate power transferring

Valeo diaphragm spring

clutch transferring piece

2. Clutch ventilation and heat dissipation

A large amount of heat produced between the friction disc and flywheel, the disc and pressuring
plate during the process of release and engagement.These heat need discharged in time to prevent
  

the friction disc from damage by overheat, so there are windows on the clutch cover, and air
guiding plates on some models, to strengthen the interior ventilation and heat dissipation

Ⅵ. Clutch disc and torsional damper

1. Clutch disc structure and configuration
The clutch disc is mainly composed of clutch disc body, friction disc and clutch disc hub.

Friction disc

Clutch disc body

Waveform spring sheets

Rivet

Clutch disc hub

Disengaged elastic clutch disc of Santana Sedan

Disengaged elastic clutch disc of Santana Sedan Clutch disc for Valeo 430 diaphragm spring clutch
There are several main clutch disc structure forms .
(1) Integrated elastic clutch disc
The clutch disc body is complete steel sheet with T groove on it, the friction disc riveted on the
clutch disc body directly.
 

B-B (pressed)

Friction disc rivet

Friction disc
Clutch disc body

A-A (release)

Integrated elastic clutch disc

(2) Separated elastic clutch disc

The feature is that the friction disc riveted on the waveform spring sheet that riveted on the clutch
disc body. As the waveform spring sheet is thinner than driven disc, it is easier to obtain smaller
moment of inertia, and the waveform spring sheets stiffness may be identical by selection.
B-B (pressed)
Clutch disc rivet
Friction disc

Waveform spring sheet

Waveform spring
Sheet rivet

Clutch disc body

(Release)

Separated elastic clutch disc

Waveform spring sheet

Clutch disc hub Shock absorber plate

Shock absorber damping piece

Separated elastic clutch disc

(3) Combination elastic clutch disc

The feature is that with waveform spring sheets riveted on the side close to pressuring plate, and
no waveform spring sheets on the side close to flywheel. This structure has large moment of
inertia, and the higher strength structure can transferring larger torque. Application to medium
and heavy truck.
  

B-B (pressed)
Waveform spring sheet
Waveform spring sheet rivet
Clutch disc

Friction disc rivet

Clutch disc body

F-F (release)

Combination elastic clutch disc

2. Configuration and operation principal of clutch disc with torsional damper
(1) Configuration of clutch disc with torsional damper
Friction disc Clutch disc body Friction disc
Clutch disc Clutch disc hub
rivet sleeve

Damping disc Shock absorber

disc
Shock absorber spring Friction disc Damper rivet
rivet
Clutch disc of EQ1090 model

Clutch disc body

Friction disc
Clutch disc
Shock damper rivet rivet sleeve
Shock damper damping spring Damping disc
Damping spring rivet Clutch disc hub

Damping disc rivet

Damper spring
Damper disc
Friction disc rivet

Clutch disc of EQ1090 model

2. Operation principle of clutch disc with torsional damper

The power in clutch disc with torsional damper transferring sequence: clutch disc body→shock
Clutch disc body
damper spring→clutch disc hub
 

Clutch disc body

Damper spring

Clutch disc hub

(3) Characteristics of variable stiffness torsional damper clutch disc

The variable stiffness torsional damper clutch disc features on using two or more different
stiffness damper spring, mounted in different length windows, the spring acting in different time
so that produce variable stiffness.

Large window

First stage characteristic

Second stage characteristic
Third stage characteristic

Medium window
Small window
Characteristics and structure of variable stiffness torsional damper clutch disc

Section III Clutch manipulating mechanism

The clutch control mechanism can be divided into three modes according to the power source: manual
control, power-assisted control and power controlThe clutch control mechanism can be divided into
three modes according to driving types: mechanical mode, hydraulic mode and pneumatic mode.

I. Mechanical control mechanism

The clutch pedal and release bearing are connected by tie rods and strings.
Transmission arm
Release bearing Reset spring
Release shaft

Pulling string

Pedal

Release Engaged

Clutch control mechanism of Santana sedan

  

String assembly

String automatic Spring

adjusting device

Clutch operation arm Accelerator pedal

Brake pedal
Release arm
Clutch pedal
Release bearing
Clutch release rod
Clutch mechanical control mechanism of Jetta sedan

Ⅱ. Hydraulic control mechanism

The clutch pedal and release bearing are connected by main cylinder, active cylinder and hydraulic
lines, the clutch controlled by hydraulic pressure produced manually.

Oil tank

Release bearing Release plate

Power assisted spring
Action cylinder
Low pressure pipe

Master cylinder Push rod

High pressure pipe

Clutch pedal
Clutch hydraulic control mechanism of J Santana 2000 sedan

III. Pneumatic power-assisted clutch control mechanism

The pneumatic power-assisted clutch control mechanism utilizing air compressor driven by engine as
main operating power source, and the driver is auxiliary or back power, usually using the same air
compressor with pneumatic brake system or other pneumatic device.
1. Pneumatic power-assisted mechanical control mechanism

Figure of STEYR truck (old model) clutch control mechanism

1-pedal arm 2-drag rod 3-rocker arm 4-release fork 5- power-assisted cylinder 6- auxiliary control valve 7—steel wire
rope 8-transmitting lever
 

2. Pneumatic power-assisted hydraulic control mechanism

Sketch of HOWO pulling clutch control mechanism configuration

1. Clutch pedal assembly 2. Return spring 3 clutch master cylinder push rod assembly 5. Clutch master cylinder 6 high
pressure oil lines 7 Clutch auxiliary cylinder

Section IV General of HOWO clutch system

I. Configuration of HOWO clutch system (08 model and before)

Two sizes of clutch is adopted by China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Corp., Ltd, one is ￠420
pushing helical spring clutch, another is ￠430 pulling diaphragm spring clutch. Helical spring clutch
equipped on 266PS-336PS truck, and the diaphragm spring clutch equipped on 371PS and upwards.

ф420 helical spring clutch ф430 diaphragm spring clutch

  

5  4  1  2 

6  3 

8 11

13

10

12

7 

1. clutch pedal assembly 2. return spring 3 clutch master cylinder push rod assembly 4.clutch brake control valve 5.
clutch oil oil reservoir 6. clutch master cylinder 7. high pressure oil lines 8. auxiliary cylinder support 9. release
rocker arm back return spring 10. stopper bolt 11. release rocker arm 12. spring housing 13. clutch auxiliary cylinder

Ventilation opening（ventilation screw） Inlet opening

Air inlet port Exhaust port

Hydraulic control and pneumatic power-assisted structure are adopted in the clutch control system, as
show upwards. When clutch pedal depressed, the master cylinder push the piston move forward, and
make brake fluid enter the controlling room of clutch auxiliary cylinder along oil lines, the brake fluid
pressing on the piston serving as operating pressure, at the same time regulating the air of auxiliary
cylinder to inlet valve, the pressure air entering auxiliary cylinder produce pneumatic power-assisted
 

force, which push the auxiliary cylinder rod forward, the release rocker arm and the release fork swing
forward push the release bearing, so that make the clutch disengaged.
(note: For pulling clutch, the release rocker arm and release fork swing backward to pull the release
bearing, so that make the clutch disengaged

Configuration of pushing clutch releasing fork Configuration of pulling clutch releasing fork
and release bearing and release bearing

Clutch master cylinder, oil reservoir and clutch pedal assembly are all distributed on cabin front wall(as
shown above), the master cylinder connected to clutch auxiliary cylinder located on chassis through high
pressure hoses, the clutch control component and brake control component share a common support,
which is aluminium alloys casting with light weight and good stiffness; the oil reservoir mounted on
clutch master cylinder, make it easier to assemble and fill brake fluid. The structure of clutch control
mechanism is facility to operate, the driver’s foot need not leave the floor during operation, his left foot
can put on the convex plane on the left of clutch pedal, so that reducing driving fatigue.

II. Working parameter

◆ Working medium: compressed air, brake fluid

◆ Maximum working pressure: 4MPa of brake fluid, 0.85MPa of compressed air

◆ Working temperature: -40℃～+80℃

◆ Brake fluid: conform to JG3、JG4 or DOT3、DOT4 standards

◆ Pedal travel: Maximum travel about 200mm, free travel about 25mm

◆ Pedal pressure: not more than 190N with pneumatic power-assisted

Ⅲ. Principal changes to HOWO-09 clutch

1 Sinotruk 430 diaphragm pulling spring clutch(standard component of HOWO-09 model)

• Developed for Sinotruk according to heavy truck structure and service requirement

• Combined with advantages of other international well-known brand clutch, matching

heavy truck better

• It is proved that the clutch performance, quality have reach international level by large
numbers of bench test and severe heavy truck road test.
  

2. Types of Sinotruk 430 diaphragm clutch and clutch equipped on 09 model

Type 

Type 

Type 

Sinotruk 430 pulling diaphragm spring clutch

Table of clutch configuration (HOWO-09 model)

420 pushing
420 pushing Valeo 430 Valeo 430
helical spring 430C pulling 430B pulling 430A pulling
helical spring pulling pulling
Clutch type clutch(strengt diaphragm diaphragm diaphragm
clutch(basic diaphragm diaphragm
hened spring clutch spring clutch spring clutch
type) spring clutch spring clutch
type)

Matching 1000— 1200— 1000— 1400— 1700— 1600— 1600—

engine
torque(Nm) 1200 1350 1400 1700 2000 2000 2000

spline
1.75 1.75 1.75 2 2 2 2
specification
Fricition
outer 420/220 420/220 430/240 430/240 430/240 430/240 430/240
dia/inner dia

375 HP 375~420HP
266/290 266/290HP(A
Matching common 375~420HP (without
(reserve) (reserve) HP( without MT); 336 HP；
model rail；380/420 (optional) AMT
AMT) 375 HP EGR
HP optional)
 

Chapter III Transmission

△ Please operate transmission following specified process, to prevent body injure or equipment
failure and damage;

△ Before starting the vehicle, the driver should sit on driver seat, put gear shifting lever in neutral
and apply park brake;

△ If leaving the cabin before vehicle travelling or with the engine running, the gear shifting lever
should be in neutral, and lock the wheel by applying park brake;

△ If parking the vehicle or leaving cabin, the gear shifting lever should be in neutral and apply park
brake;

△ Before the vehicle rising to correct conditions, never to release park brake for shifting;

△ Never coasting with transmission in neutral;

△ When operating power take-off mechanism, after pressing power take off switch depress the
clutch pedal at once, before release the switch wait a moment for the power take-off mechanism
running normally.

△ When the vehicle need towed to drive, pulling out the axle shaft or release the propeller shaft, it
is also can be towed with the driving wheel suspended.

Section I General of HW series transmission

HW series transmission is the new generation special product of Sinotruk with complete intellectual
property rights. There are dual auxiliary shaft in the main gearbox, meanwhile planetary deceleration
structure in secondary gearbox, which bring higher load capacity and more reliable construction; the
interlock function of master and secondary gearbox can protect the secondary gearbox synchronizer
efficiency; with pressure lubrication system, the transmission can adapt to every road conditions; with
integrated design small cover, the gear position is clear and shifting is light.

This series of transmission is applicable to heavy truck engine with power 260~460HP, and is the best
selection for civil heavy truck.
  

Section II Transmission main performance parameters

HW series transmission main performance parameters

HW18709 HW18710 HW20716
type
L H
C 12.68
1 8.46 14.58 15.59 13.12
2 6.26 10.09 10.89 9.17
3 4.64 8.1 7.48 6.3
4 3.38 5.998 5.195 4.375
Gears 5 2.5 4.375 3.56 3
and gear 6 1.85 3.33 2.488 2.095
ration 7 1.37 2.5 1.71 1.44
8 1 1.852 1.187 1
9 1.371
10 1
R1 15.04
R2 11.63 3.437 14.29 12.03
Maximum torque Nm 1800 1800 2000
Max speed rpm 2600 2600 2600
Oil capacity (L) 12 12 14

Section III Transmission configuration

I. Control mechanism
It is remote control for all HW series transmission, there are single rod dual-H controlling and dual rods
single-H controlling mechanism for HW20716 and HW18709 transmissions. The HW series main
transmission is manually operated, the front and rear secondary transmission are pneumatic controlling.
Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 4 are sketch of gear position, Figure 2 is sketch of shifting handle. HW20716
shift mechanism handle position shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, HW18709 shift mechanism handle
position shown in Figure 4, HW18710 shift mechanism handle position shown in Figure 1, Figure 2.

Creeper
gear

Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral

Reversed
gear

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

II. Pneumatic controlling system

The 0.7-0.8Mpa compressed air from the vehicle is pneumatic source. HW20716 front, rear secondary
gearbox are all pneumatic controlling, the gear shifting of front gearbox was applied through pre-select
valve switch on handle, the pipe diagram shown in Figure 5 ( diagram of transmission inserting
distribution pneumatic pipes), when the valve switch is in H region, air entering range gears cylinder
upper inlet through inlet 1 of two position five way valve, when the valve switch is in L region, air
entering range gears cylinder low inlet through inlet 1 and inlet 4 of two position five way valve;
HW18709 doesn’t has range gears cylinder.
 

Gear shifting of both transmission rear secondary gearbox are conducted through dual H controlling
mechanism, Figure 6 is pneumatic pipes diagram; opening P is air inlet of dual H valve, opening A is
connected to upper opening of range gears cylinder, opening B is connected to low opening of range
gears cylinder,
HW18710 main transmission is manually operated, the rear secondary transmission is pneumatic
operated
Caution: the vent of dual H valve must install downwards.

Shifting handle
Lower port, gear Upper port, gear
shifting cylinder  shifting cylinder

Two position five way valve

Air source

Air inlet of clutch power assisted cylinder

Figure 5

Upper port, gear

shifting cylinder

Lower port, gear

shifting cylinder
B

Upper port, range

A  gears cylinder
P

Lower port, range

gears cylinder

Figure 6

III. Power take off

To meet requirements of certain special vehicles, the PTO may installed on right or back side of HW
series of transmission, HW50 and HW70 power take off are available. As power is taken from main
transmission right auxiliary shaft by power take off, so the power can transfer in neutral gear, and the
rotation direction is same to that of engine. The gear ratio of HW50 power take off is 0.739, which of
HW power take off is 0.76.Power take off output ratio shown as table below:
Transmission model Gear ration PTO output ratio PTO matching
HW20716 1.1875 0.739 HW50
HW18709 1.25 0.924 HW50
HW18710 1.25 0.924 HW50
HW20716 1.1875 0.9 HW70
HW18709 1.25 0.95 HW70
HW18710 1.25 0.95 HW70
  

IV. Interlock mechanism of main and secondary gearbox

The main and secondary gearboxes are designed with interlock mechanism; as the secondary gearbox
gear shifting fork shaft is not in position, the interlock plate fall in the groove of main gearbox fork shaft
by the force of spring, which bring main gearbox fork shaft locked in neutral position; when gear
shifting fork shaft is in position, it turns the interlock plate to release main transmission fork shaft, so
that prevent the main gearbox from gearing up with secondary gearbox is not in position as shifting
between gears, thus secondary gearbox synchronizer is safeguarded.

V. Lubrication system
In this system the pressure and splash lubrication are combined, large flow rate lubrication oil pump
deliver oil to each part, such as planetary deceleration mechanism, idler gear shaft, input and output
power take off, this compound lubrication system gives the synchronizer, bearing and gears adequate
lubricating and cooling.

VI. Small cover

The interlock, self-locking, reverse lock, dual H driving, neutral sensor, reverse sensor are all integrated
in the small cover, with exquisite structure, clear gears position, lightly shifting, and higher reliability.
Allowing it to be operated by single rod or dual rods.

VII. Gear ratio

With wide gear ration range (HW18709: 1～12.68，HW20716: 1～15.59, HW18710: 1～14.583)and
pressure lubrication system, this series transmissions has strong gradeability and may adapt to all
complicated road conditions. As well as with optimized gears distribution, and small gear ratio
graduation (HW18709, HW18710: 1.35, HW20716: 1.19), the vehicle may reach expected speed during
the best economy rpm range and good fuel economy.

Section IV HOWO-09 transmission model

I. 09 model transmission configuration principle
09 model equipped with 10 gears transmission or upwards, the standard equipment transmission shown
as table below:
Transmission model HW14710 HW18710 HW20716 HW20716A
Max input speed r/min 2600 2600 2600 2600
Max input torque N·m 1400 1800 2000 2000
Weitht pushing 342 347 381 377
(without kg
pulling -- 363 397 393
PTO)
length mm 843 843 915 915
Oil capacity L 12 12 14 14
Gear ratio 14.28-1 14.28-1 15.59-1 15.59-1
1.75” √ √ -- √
Input shaft spline
2” -- √ √ √
Φ180 end
Output flange surface √ √ √ √
tooth
500Nm HW50 HW50 HW50 HW50
Optional PTO
700Nm HW70 HW70 HW70 HW70
A7、HOWO
300ps 300ps Optional for
Applicable models common rail
below above 300ps above
models
 

Ⅱ. Intellectual automatic manual integrated transmission (AMT)

1. General of HW20716A transmission

• HW20716A is automatic mechanical transmission(AMT) of Sinotruk with complete own
intellectual property rights
• Rated input torque is 2000Nm, including 16 forward gears and 4 reverse gears, the shifting
process may be controlled automatically by electric control system
• Clutch control mechanism is abandoned in HW20716A transmission, which clutch engagement
and release is conducted automatically through software management, vehicle acceleration and
deceleration is controlled via accelerator pedal and brake pedal
• The greatest advantage is its good economical performance; relieving driver’s working strength
and lengthening clutch service life.
• HW20716A is standard configuration of A7 and HOWO models with common rail engine.
• The AMT must equipped together with ABS
2. SmartShiftTM handle button instruction
• F ——action button
• N ——neutral button
• ↑+ ——push the handle forward, up-shifting
• ↑+ ——push the handle
backward,down-shifting
• C ——Climbing gear mode
• E/P——economic mode and power mode
switching button
• M/A——auto mode and manual mode switching button
• Change of manual mode and auto mode
– The driver selects manual mode or auto mode via <M/A> button on shifting handle
according to actual situations.
– In manual mode(M) the driver conducts shifting manually every time, the driver may
control all gears of AMT, and clutch control process is completely automatic.That is to
say, the clutch engagement and release is automatic during vehicle starting, shifting or
stop, which controlled by AMT system.
  

– Auto mode (A) means the driver start the vehicle only via shifting handle, including
forward gear, reverse gear and neutral.During the driving after that, the proper gear
selection and clutch controlling are accomplished automatically.
• Change of power mode and economic mode
– This mode available only at auto mode(A) of AMT, the driver select power mode or
economic mode via <P/E> button on shifting handle
– In power mode (P) AMT will select proper gears to obtain maximum engine power of
current speed.
– In economic mode(E) AMT will select proper gears to obtain minimum fuel consumption

Tiptronic transmission operation principle Electrical circuit Pneumatic circuit

Shifting handle unit

Gas reservoir

Shifting actuator
Range gears

Gears shifting

Clutch actuator Speed sensor of Speed sensor of

input shaft output shaft

Engine ECU Vehicle ECU and

other ECU

• Transmission in neutral
– The transmission should be switched in neutral if the vehicle stop for a long time, eg. In
front of red lamp or before turned off.
– This time the brake pedal should be depressed or park brake applied, as well as pushing
down neutral button.
– After this process finished, the neutral message will shown on instrument panel.
• Climbing gear mode
– In special low speed driving conditions, the climbing gear mode may be selected to
improve AMT performance, such as in off road situations.
– Active climbing gear mode, press down C button on shifting handle unit, until climbing
gear mode indicator (lamp) shown on instrument display.Now it will be in first gear to
start (shifting from neutral to start gear when vehicle parked), the start gear may be
switched between first to fourth gears by shifting forward or backward.As vehicle driving,
it just can be switched between first to fourth gears no matter in manual/auto mode.
– Deactive climbing gear mode, press down C button on shifting handle unit, until climbing
gear mode indicator (lamp) disappear from instrument display.
– The climbing gear mode may be selected for vehicles parked or driving in first to fourth
gears.If it is selected in park condition, AMT will switch to first gear automatically
• F function button
– To start the vehicle, release brake pedal and park brake, press and hold the <F> button on
 

shifting handle left side, push the handle forward.AMT can select a proper start gear from
second to fourth gears automatically according to vehicle load.The flashing lamp on the
display of target gear indicates shifting successfully.
– To shift upward (downward), press and hold the <F> button on shifting handle left side,
push the handle forward (backward), one gear is up (down)-shifted by AMT system, if the
<F> button is not pressed, two gears will be shifted.
Warning:
• If the engine speed is lower than its idling speed, the clutch will be released by AMT
automatically.Therefore, the engine speed must not lower than idling speed.For example, when
the vehicle driving on uphill road, if the clutch release automatically for low speed, the vehicle
may slide along downhill road, which is very dangerous!
• The air pressure must not less than 6bar, very low air press may cause the system unable to work
properly
• AMT can only be in manual mode if the ABS system is in error.
  

Chapter IV Axle
Section I Improvement of 09 model front axle

I. New front axle/disc brake application principle

• New 7 ton load bearing front axle
– Standard load towing vehicle
– Standard load wagon
– 4×2 self- unloading wagon

• Closing to 9 ton load bearing front axle

– self- unloading wagon(except for 4×2)
– Concrete-mixer truck
– Heavy duty towing vehicle
– Heavy duty truck
• 9 ton load bearing front axle
– For A7 towing vehicle only
• Disc brake is standard equipment

II. Sinotruk application type disc brake

– Sinotruk application type disc brake is patented products with own intellectual property
rights which applicable to China actual conditions.
– on the premise of high speed heavy duty needing brake torque, application type disc
brake may adapt to 20” wheel rim and tire that generally used on truck made in china.
– Design ideas of international well-known manufacture are combined in Sinotruk
application type disc brake design, meanwhile the national manufacturing process actual
situations are considered:
 

– Modular design with compact structure and light weight;

– Brake clearance adjusted automatically , braking with high efficiency
– Good conditions for heat dissipation ,which can reduce failure rate such as tire burst
effectively;
– Easy to install and remove, with little wearing part, convenient maintenance, low usage
cost.
– With large kingpin inclination angle design and advanced lever push rod, double pushing
disc structure, this disc brake providing smooth output torque, constant brake effect,
therefore eliminate vehicle head yawing as brake effectively
– Reliability validation conducted by severe bench test and road test.

■ Disc brake
25

] 盘式 制动器 鼓式 制动 器
m 20
N

□ Drum brake
Ø[k
¦¾
Á̄ 15
ƶ
Ö
10

0
60 80 100 120

车辆速度[km /h]

Speed km/h

Section II Rear axle improvements of 09 model

I. 09 model rear axle configuration principle
Axle
HW12 HW16 ST16 HC16 Remark
Model
□3.93 HW12 axle equipped only
Standard △3.91 ●3.73
△4.42 — on model with 266/290HP
towing vehicle △4.875 △4.22
△4.80 engine
□3.93
Heavy duty
— — — ●4.42
towing vehicle
△4.80
□3.93 HW12 axle equipped only
Standard load △3.91 ●3.73
△4.42 — on model with 266/290HP
wagon △4.875 △4.22
△4.80 engine
□3.93
Heavy duty
— — — ●4.42
truck
△4.80
□4.42
Self- unloading 5.73 gear ratio is standard
— — — ●4.80
wagon equipment on EGR engine
△5.73
5.73 gear ratio is standard
□4.42
Concrete-mixer equipment on EGR engine,
— — — ●4.80
truck not applicable to common
△5.73
rail engine
Instruction: ●－standard equipment △－optional □－exclusively optional for common rail model
  

II. The brake shoe of construction vehicles widen from 185 to 220
– The brake shoe is widen from 185 to 220 by optimal design of brake drum and brake shoe, with
self weight controlled
– Realize the objective of safety brake, smooth brake, good heat dissipation, long service life, low
operating cost
 

Chapter V Steering system

Section I General structure of HOWO steering system
I. Configuration of power steering and steering control device

Figure 1 Configuration sketch of hydraulic power steering and steering control device
1. Steering wheel 2. Return ring 3. Contact ring 4. Ignition lock assembly 5 10. Steering column cover 6.
Steering column 7 steering column cover mounting support 8. Steering column sleeve 9. Spring 10. Wiring harness
mounting bracket 12. Steering column mounting support 13. Steering column guide sleeve 14. cardan joint 15.
adjusting handle 16. stop screw 17. Steering telescopic shaft 18.Steering column casing 19. Bushing 20. steering
gear 21. High pressure pipe 22. Steering power-assisted vane pump 23. Oil inlet tube 24 steering oil tank 25.
Steering oil tank mounting bracket 26. Steering rocker arm 27. Steering gear bracket
The steering system is consisted of steering wheel, steering column, cardan joint and steering
column.The steering wheel is φ450mm.

II. Several instruction drawings of HOWO model typical hydraulic power steering
system pipelines

Figure 2. Hydraulic power steering system instruction drawing of 4X2、6X4 single steering front axle model etc.
1. Power steering gear 2. High pressure pipe 3 Steering oil pump 4. Steering oil tank 5. Oil inlet tube 6. Oil return pipe
  

Figure 3. Hydraulic power steering system instruction drawing of 6×2 model with supporting shaft that may rise
1. Power steering gear 2. 4. 7. 8. 9. high pressure pipe 3.steering oil pump 5. Steering oil tank 6. Controlling valve
for support shaft rising 10. Oil inlet tube 11. Oil return pipe

Figure 4. Hydraulic power steering system instruction drawing of 8×4 double steering front axle model etc.
1. Power steering gear 2. 4. 6. high pressure pipe 3.steering oil pump 5. Steering oil tank 7. Active cylinder 8. Oil
inlet tube 9. Oil return pipe
Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 are hydraulic power steering system instruction drawing of several typical
HOWO model. Figure 2. is Hydraulic power steering system instruction drawing of 4X2、6X4 single
steering front axle model etc, with simple structure. Figure 3. is hydraulic power steering system
instruction drawing of 6X2 model with supporting shaft that may rise, the steering oil pump drives not
only the steering but also the auxiliary cylinder for lifting shaft, the pipe 7, 8 in the figure are oil in and
out openings connected to lifting shaft auxiliary cylinder. Figure 4. is hydraulic power steering system
instruction drawing of 8X4 double steering front axle model.

Section II Steering system primary assembly

I. Power steering gear
In the system the ZF8098 integral hydraulic power steering gear from ZF corporation of Germany is
employed, the control valve is rotary valve, with variable gear ration and self-regulating hydraulic
steering limit valve. With inside pressure safety valve. The setting pressure is 170bar, gear ratio is
22.2～26.2
1. Steering gears technical parameters
Model ZF8098 ZF8095

Rated front axle load(Kg) 6500 8000 6000

Max. output torque(Nm) (4954～5829) 5717～6726 4356-5146

 

Max. pressure(Mpa) 18.3 18

oil pump flow rate(L/min) 16～20 16

Gear ratio 22.2～26.2 15.7～18.5

steering wheel turns 6.2 4.4

Rocker arm pivot angle 94° 94°

weight(Kg) 41 27
2. Steering gear operation principle
(1) ZF8098 steering gear property
ZF8098 steering gear is a kind of ball-nut type steering gear, in which always there are two stage
transmission, the first stage is screw and nut transmission, the second is rack and sector transmission.
Usually used for all kinds of light and medium truck, also for some light off-road vehicle.
With screw transmission, the force is passed to steering nut via the ball, driving the nut travel axially.
Meanwhile, by the action of friction torque from screw, nut and balls, all the balls rolling in the screw
channel, making the “balls flow”.
Steering nut
Ball

bearing Sector
Rocker arm shaft
Single lip seal
Retaining ring
double lip seal
Steering screw stem
Retaining ring
Snap spring Steering gear housing
Snap spring Housing end cover

Figure 5. Beijing Cherokee steering gear Figure 6 Ball-nut type steering gear operation principle
(2) ZF8098 steering gear structure
The ZF8098 steering gear is composed of controlling valve, power cylinder and complete manual
steering system.The pressure oil for steering gear is supplied with steering pump driven by engine, the
oil tank receives low pressure oil from the steering gear, and supply oil to steering pump.
The cylinder is composed of housing(A) and piston (B), the piston turn the rotating of steering axle(C)
into linear motion, and drive rocker arm sector shaft(F)turn.
The piston(B) and worm(D) move via the ball circuit, as the worm rotate, the ball enter the worm surface
in sequence, pass through the cycling tube, the balls may cycle on the worm.
The controlling valve is composed of rotary valve( C) and valve housing(D), there are 6 grooves on their
cylindrical surface.
The torsion rod(E) connected to rotary valve and valve housing via fix pin respectively, allows the
control valve in neutral position when the steering wheel kept still.
The safety valve(G) can limit unusual oil pressure in steering gear.
Oil charge valve(H) supplies oil to steering gear through oil return pipes as the steering gear operating
and the steering pump inactive,The variable gear ratio steering gear provides less gear ratio than constant
ratio steering gear, assuring steering lightness.For large steering angle, the steering gives large gear ratio,
thus provides the rocker arm sector shaft more powerful hydraulic assist force.If the hydraulic power
system failures, the steering force is smaller than that of constant gear ratio.
  

(3) ZF8098 steering gear following assist operation principle

It is the control valve sectional view in the view, at two ends of the piston, the high pressure is shown in
red, and the low pressure is yellow.

J, K oil inlet gap L, M oil return gap N, O axial groove P oil return groove
 

As the torque passed from steering axle to valve housing, the torsion rod will generate elastic torsion,
which bring twisting force between turning valve and valve housing of control valve unit, thus force the
valve housing offset the original neutral position.
With steering wheel hold on
The torsion rod turn the control valve to neutral position. The oil enters into screw grooves of valve
housing through the oil channel on steering gear housing, passing through 3 even distributed radial holes
and reaching into the arch controlling channel of steering valve.
As the controlling groove on rotary valve aligned to that on valve housing, the oil enters the artic axial
groove(N and O) through the oil inlet gap(J and K), and then flows to one end or two ends of the
auxiliary piston through the axial oil channel.
As the control valve in neutral position, the oil reach both end of the piston, and pass through the 3 oil
return grooves on rotary valve return to oil tank.
Turn right
As the steering wheel turned right, the force on piston left end is larger than other end, so the piston
move right and provides following power assistance.
As the control groove turns in clockwise direction, the oil inlet gap(K) open wide so that the oil pass
through, the other oil inlet gap(J) close, prevent the oil flowing into axial groove(O) on valve housing.
So the oil flows to the axial groove(N) on valve housing only from the oil inlet gap(K), and through
raceway to piston left end. The other oil inlet gap(J) is closed to prevent the oil flowing return to oil tank
and the pressure rising.
The oil at piston right end is discharged, passes the oil return gap(M) and oil return groove(P), through
the oil channel in rotary valve to oil tank.
Turn left
As the steering wheel turned left, the force on piston right end is larger than other end, so the piston
move left and provides following power assistance.
As the control groove turns in counter-clockwise direction, the oil passes through inlet gap(J) and axial
groove(O) to right end of piston. The oil at piston left end passes the raceway, oil return gap(L) and oil
return groove(P), through the oil channel in rotary valve to oil tank.
(4) Hydraulic steering limiter function

T right spool U left spool V piston right room W piston left room
X adjusting screw(RH) Y adjusting screw(LH)
  

The hydraulic limiter can prevent the steering gear from being turned to limitation by maximum
operation pressure, which can protect the steering gear and pump, as well as inhibiting too high oil
temperature.
Double action hydraulic steering limiter consists of two spools with spring, mounted on the piston and
protrudes from the piston.
As the piston moving right to limitation, the right spool(T) is pushed into piston by right adjusting
screw(X), and the left spool(U) is pushed into piston by oil pressure, the oil in piston left room, which
pressure is depressed by limiter valve hole, flows to the piston right room, then return to oil tank. On the
other hand, if the piston moves left, it is also like this.

Special hints:
With the hydraulic limiter open, the steering gear still can turn out, but as the hydraulic power assistant
reduce greatly, the steering torque on steering wheel must be larger, until to the steering limitation.
▲ At both ends of the piston, the high pressure is red ,the low pressure is yellow, the decreased pressure
is brownish red
Hints: The steering control valves that controlling the oil flow by the relative motion of valve and valve
housing, called as rotary valve type control valve, as well as rotary valve for short.

Play Stop

Rotary valve structure and operation principle

 

II. Steering pump

ZF steering pump is a kind of vane hydraulic oil pump, specially designed for power steering to supply
pressure, with little moving parts( the drive shaft, rotor and vane), high accuracy axial sealed matching
surface, high efficiency, the optimum volume ratio.The oil flow rate from pump is almost constant
during the whole engine speed range.The structure shown as below:

703 Drive shaft 706 Ball bearing 708 Oil seal 709 Needle bearing 710 Casing 715 Location pin 718 Front
thrust plate 721 Rotor unit 723 Rear thrust plate 726 Cover 729 Spool 730 Spring

III. Steering oil tank

The oil tank used to store, filtrating and cooling steering system oil.
The oil tank is produced by Tianxong auto components Co. Ltd of Hubei province, with oil filling filter,
and the filter element is located on the oil return inlet.Compared to the oil tank of STEYR model, this
tank has advantages as below: With improved cover and sealing rings, the matching of cover and tank
body is more powerful, which prevents the oil leaking efficiently; the oil filler, ventilation valve, oil stick
are all located on the cover, allowing a compacted structure, saving more space benefit for the overall
vehicle layout, meanwhile, the checking of oil level and oil filling may conducted simultaneously,
provides more simple operation.
Maximum flow rate 40L/min;
1. Oil tank volume 2.9L;
2. The volume is 2.4L up to mark ”MAX”;
3. The zinc electroplating chromate conversion
coating on inner and outer surface is not more
than 8μm, according to specification of
QZZ3004;
4. Operation temperature range is -40°C ～
+100°C;
MAX  5. The filter fineness is 20μm;
MIN  6. The filter safety opening pressure is 0.1 ～
0.18MPa;
7. The other requirements should meet the
JB5089-91《Technical requirements of oil filter
paper element 》;
8. the filter is 80 mesh per square inch;
9. All the fittings should be plug up to prevent
others from entering the oil tank.

Power steering pump structure instruction drawing

1. oil tank assembly 2.filter element lower gasket 3. grating plate 4. filter assembly 5. bolt to filter element 6.
“O” ring 7. spring mount 8. pressing spring 9. colatorium assembly 10. washer 11.oil tank cover seal ring 12.
oil tank cover 13. oil filler support 14. support seal ring 15. oil filler cover assembly with oil stick 16. oil filler cover
seal ring
  

IV. Pressure oil pipe, oil return pipe and oil inlet pipe
These parts form the power steering hydraulic system, make the oil flow and cool it.
The oil pipes distribution of HOWO model shown as below:

4×2、6×4 etc. single steering axle model 6×2、8×4 etc. double steering axle model

V. Steering tie rod

Steering lateral rod, steering drag rod structure are as below:It is left and right turn screws respectively at
two ends of the rod, which gives facilities for assembling and adjusting.

Steering tie rod and ball joint structure

1. cover 2. pressing spring 3. upper ball support 4. lower ball support 5 steel wire lock ring 6. lag 7. plastic cone sleeve 8.
steel wire lock ring 9. ball pin 10. hex slotted nut 11.cottor pin 12. steering tie rod joint 13. lubricating nipple 14. hex nut
15.clamp 16. Hexagon headed bolt 17. tie rod
 

Chapter IV Truck Frame and Suspension

Section I Truck Frame of HOWO
Truck frame of HOWO Series is made of high strength alloy metal (ZQS500L), and its structure is the
1000mm front part is wider than the 850mm rear one. Double drive-axle of HOWO-09 series truck all
equipped with cast beam, and the principle of its frame choice is as follow:

Frame Style Surface Width Matched Model Remark

Material of
8mm Single Layer
90mm Standard Tractor Longitudinal rod:
Frame
ZQS700L

8+4 Frame 90mm Heavy Duty Tractor, Standard Cargo Truck

Heavy Cargo Truck, Concrete Mixer Truck

8+7 Frame 90mm
( except some parts)

8+8 Frame 80mm Dump Truck: 6 x 4 (B38/B40), 8 x 4 (B 36)

Section II Suspension of HOWO

I. Front Suspension

2
4

6
1 

7 3

1 Front Sprint Front Bracket 2 Front Spring Rear Bracket 3 Front Steel Plate Spring Assembly
4 Front Shaft Assembly 5 Stop Block 6 Front Absorber 7 Front Stabilizer bar Assembly

◇ Basic model of front suspension of HOWO series truck, shown as the front figure, is vertical
steel plate spring, telescopic shock absorber, and stabilizer bar.

◇ Vertical steel plate spring, made of spring sheet with different length, is fixed to the front shaft by
U-shaped bolt. Front trunnion connects with the truck frame through bracket pin and front
bracket to form fixedly hinged support, and rear trunnion, connected with truck frame through
trunnion pin, lug and lug bracket, can freely swing to ensure the distance between the centerline
of two trunnions can be varied with the spring deforming.
★ Spring Size of Front Axle Steel Plate of HOWO Series Truck (Standard Product)
  

Truck Model Size (Number x Thickness x Width) Remark

4×2 9×13×90 Thickness of Heavy duty tractor is 16mm, and
sheets of 4 x 2 dump truck, cargo truck are 10 s.
6×4 10×14×90 Tractor, Cargo Truck and Standard Dump Truck are
as same as the 4 x 2 Truck, and the Concrete Mixer
Truck is 9×16×90
6 x 2 Double Single Axle 4 x 20 x 90/ Double Axles: Air Heavy Duty Tractor with single or double axles is 9
Turning Spring x 14 x 90
(13×14＋1×10)×90 Left Side
8×4
13×14×90 Right Side

★ Required tightening torque of U-bolt of front spring is M=260±26N.m.

II. Rear Suspension (NS-07 New Balance Suspension)

3 

1 

10  7 

8 

4  2 
5 

6  9  11

1 Rear Steel Plate Spring 2 U-bolt 3 Spring Pressing Plate 4 Guide Plate 5 Balance Shaft Assembly with Shaft case
6 Under the Thrust Rod 7 V-shaped Thrust Rod 8 Rubber Bracket 9 Under the Thrust Rod Bracket 10 Stop Block
11 Rear Stabilizer

★ NS-07 New Balance Suspension is mainly composed by elastic module (plate spring, rubber
bracket, u-bolt and nut, spring pressing plate), V-shaped thrust rod, thrust rod bracket, balance
shaft assembly with shaft case, stop block, rear stabilizer and others.

★ Spring Size of Rear Axle Steel Plate of HOWO Series Truck (Standard Product)

Truck Model Size (Number x Thickness x Width) mm Remark

There is 10mm thick shim plate between main
4×2 (9×16＋6×13)×100 and auxiliary springs, and the heavy duty truck
is(9×18＋6×16)×100

6×2 Double Turning Same as 4 x 2

(1×23＋11×22)×89 HW Axle, ST16 Axle

6×4
(8×23＋4×25)×89 HC16 Axle
Concrete Mixer Truck is same as the HC16 axle
8×4 Same as 6 x 4
of 6 x 4 truck
 

★ Tightening Torque Requirement of Key Parts:

Connected Parts Required Torque

Bolt connected V-shaped rod with its bracket M=450～500N.m

Bolt connected V-shaped rod with axle M=460±46N.m
Bolt connected under thrust rod with its bracket M=425±43N.m
M18 bolt：M＝470±47 N.m
Tightening torque of rear U-bolt M24 bolt：M=550-600N.m；
M26/M27 bolt：M=650-700N.m
Clamped bolt of rear plate spring M=390±39N.m
Center bolt of rear plate spring M=160-195N.m
Notice:
1. When modification, try to design longitudinal rod at sub-frame directly upon the balance shaft.
2. When modification, the using bolt shall try to avoid spring pressing plate, spring clamp, rubber
bracket and other movement components for not interference. If can’t avoid, the bolt head shall
be outside and the nut inside.
3. The position of logitudinal rod of sub-frame shall be accordance with the position of longitudinal
one on the frame. It shall be obligated space for dismantle and assemble V-shaped rod in the
place between sub-frame and longitudinal rod of middle and rear axle.
4. Try not to configure longitudinal rod upon the air chamber of rear axle for meeting the jump
space of rear drive axle.

III. Suspension Improvement of HOWO-09 Series

1. Front suspension improvement
• A few spring sheets can be chosen.
• Fixed method of front stabilizer rod can be improved.
• Installation of front shock absorber can be changed (lower supporting point of absorber of single
front shaft truck at the upside of plate spring; lower supporting point of absorber of double front
shaft truck still on the axle).
• Integration of plate spring variety.

2. Rear suspension improvement

• Technical improvement of V-shaped thrust rod assembly (front and rear ball pins adopt
  

centripetal joint bearing structure, which not only overcomes the problems of lower strength, not
turning agility and difficulty installation and others of previous thrust rod, but also increases the
anti-wearing, avoids inner loose and impacted load enlargement due to previous POM damange,
and then promotes the use life of V-shaped rod).
• Four U-bolt structures can be used in the heavy duty tractor.
• HUV rubber suspension will be recommendered for standard load.
• RS850 rubber suspension will be recommendered for over-heavy load truck.
• Deadweight of vehicle will be decreased 450kg after rubber suspension application.

HUV Rubber Suspension

RS850 Rubber Suspension

 

Chapter VII Air Chanel System

Section I General

I. Structure Character of Brake System

In order to ensure safety, commercial vehicle is equipped with four sets of brake devices, which includes
primary brake, stop brake (emergency brake), auxiliary brake and trailer brake.
1. Primary brake (service braking system), is commonly called foot-brake by us. Primary brake of
commercial heavy duty truck is foot-brake controlling and dual circuit pneumatic brake system
of compressed air drive. The first circuit acts on the wheels of (middle) rear axle, and the second
circuit acts on the wheels of front axle. The two circuits are independently, and if one is in
malfunction, another one can still be normal work to ensure safe driving.
2. Stop brake (parking brake system), is commonly called grip brake by us. Stop brake of
commercial heavy duty truck is energy storage spring brake device. When parking brake valve is
controlled, compressed air in the energy device will be released, and the spring, acted on by the
resilience, thrusts brake arm and cam to realize parking, which also called emergency brake.
Emergency brake will be applied to instead of primary brake when primary brake is in
malfunction. It depends on the thrust force of energy storage spring to realize emergency brake.
In this model truck, emergency brake and stop brake share the same controlling system, and
primary brake, stop brake, emergency brake share the same executive devices of brake shoe and
brake drum.
3. Auxiliary brake is engine exhaust brake. In this system, brake butterfly valve fitted in the exhaust
pipe of engine, and controlled by the knob valve in the cab (or exhaust brake switch of engine in
the cab); the compressed air drives the butterfly valve turning to realize brake, which is suitable
for reduce speed on longer slop or stabilizing the drive speed.
4. Trailer independent brake is a brake system which is installed on the trailer to independently
brake the trailer or semi-trailer, and it has fellow-up function. When the trailer needs brake, draw
the independent brake valve knob of trailer brake backward, and after the knob releasing, it will
automatically rebound to its original position.
II. General Requirements of Brake System
The Brake system must have three functions of service brake, stop brake and emergency brake (which
must be adjustable).
The controlling devices of service brake and stop brake must be independent respectively, and
controlling devices of emergency brake and stop brake can be used universally.
Stop brake must have function that locking the brake system by entire mechanical device without driver
controlling, and stoping the vehicle on the slop steadily.
The brake system must still have the requirement function of emergency brake when any parts of
controlling devices of service brake and emergency brake are in malfunction.
The trailer must have automatically brake when trailer escaping hitch, or connected pipeline broken or
air leaking.

Section II Air Chanel Analysis of Complete Vehicle

Air compressor transports the compressed air to four circuit protection valve by drier. The drier limits the
working air pressure of system to 0.87MPa (throttle valve cut air pressure at 8.5 ± 0.2bar), and when air
pressure of system is over this limitation, throttle valve will be opened).
  

The function of four circuit protection valve is separating front axle brake system, middle and rear axle
brake system, stop brake system and auxiliary system into four entirely independent circuits, and when
one of them is in malfunction, the others shall be ensured to be in normal work condition.

Regeneration
Reservoir
Auxiliary Consumer

I. Service Brake Analysis.

The air pressure, came from air drier, four circuit protection valve, transports to the air reservoir of
service brake, then passes through master brake valve, relay valve and the diaphragm cavity of brake air
chamber to carry out service brake.
Working air preesure of foot-brake controlling, dual circuit air pressure brake is 0.8MPa, and cutting air
pressure of throttle valve is 0.85MPa.
The first circuit acts on the wheels of double rear drive axle, and the second circuit acts on the wheels of
front axle. Once air pressure of one of air reservoir is reduced to less than 0.55MPa, the air pressure
indicated light will be illuminated, and the vehicle shall be stopped to find reason of the air pressure
leakage.
Pressure leak examining: after turning out the engine and pull up the controlling knob of hand brake, the
pressure drops 0.05MPa at maximum within 2 hours, or drops 0.01MPa at maximum within 30 minutes.
1. Brake Circuit of Front Axle
The compressed air continuously supports air to the air reservoir of front brake through four circuit
protection valve; meanwhile, it supports front brake air pressure for primary brake valve. When primary
brake valve working, the compressed air will act on the front wheel to realize brake through brake
sub-chamber of front axle.
Four Circuit Protection Valve

Air Reservoir 

Sub-chamber of Front
Master brake Valve Axle Brake 

Working Principle Drawing of Front Axle Brake

09 Model Truck: after front axle brake is improved to dish-style, it is added up proportional valve
(WG9000360518)as shown the following figure:
 

The pertinent mechanism shown as the following figure:

to the right of brake air chamber of front axle/to the
first interface of right of ABS magnetic valve 

to the twenty-second interface

of master brake valve 

to the left of brake air chamber of front axle/to the

first interface of left of ABS magnetic valve. 

Connection Sketch-map of Proportional Valve Pipeline Added to the Single Front Shaft.

to the twenty-second interface

of master brake valve 

to the fourth interface of front

relay valve 

Connection Sketch-map of Proportional Valve Pipeline Added to the Double Front Shaft.

2. Brake Circuit of Middle and Rear Axle

The compressed air continuously supports air to the air reservoir of middle and rear brakes through four
circuit protection valves; meanwhile it offers air pressure for brake controlling of middle and rear axle of
master brake valve, and offers working pressure of relay valve of master brake. When master brake valve
working, compressed air flowed to the controlling interface of relay valve, and after opening the relay
valve, the compressed air rapidly enters into the sub-chamber of middle and rear axle brake through
relay valve. The function of relay valve is rapidly charged and discharged air to shorten the time of brake
response to strengthen brake affection.
  

Air Reservoir,

Four Circuit Protection Valve

Master brake Valve  Relay Valve

Sub-chamber of Brake

Working Principle Drawing of Middle and Rear Axle Brake

II. Stop Brake Analysis

The compressed air enters into air reservoir of hand brake through four-circuit protection valve, and
supports air to the hand brake valve and relay valve of hand brake. When hand brake valve is on the
“stop” position, the relay valve will be closed due to the pipeline from hand brake valve to relay valve
without air pressure. The air flatting pipeline from relay valve to hand brake sub-chamber will be cut,
then the sub-chamber of hand brake does have air pressure and the braking device produces braking
function under the spring action. When hand brake valve is on the “driving” position, the compressed air
enters into the relay valve through hand brake valve, and then opens the air pipeline of relay valve; the
compressed air flats air to hand brake chamber through relay valve, and presses preset spring to release
the brake.

Pull down the knob,

meanwhile, the indicator
light on the paned will be
illuminated.

Notice:
(1) After Brake light going out, each auxiliary system can be operated (such as clutch booster and
shift of auxiliary gearbox, etc). However, before pressure of air reservoir arrives at 0.7MPa (can
read on the double-needle barometer), the vehicle still does not arrive at the condition which is
entirely suitable for driving. Only after pressure of air reservoir arriving at 0.7MPa, the brake can
have the specified braking function.
(2) When vehicle stopping, hand brake must be pulled on.
(3) Before engine starting up, the hand brake valve must be put on the braking position, otherwise,
the pressure of brake system will be increased and the original stop brake function will be
eliminated.
 

Warning: Before indicating light going out, don’t drive the vehicle.

Air Reservoir
Four Circuit
Protection Valve 

Relay Valve
Hand brake Valve 
Sub-chamber of Brake with Dual Diaphragm 
Working Principle Drawing of Stop Brake

III. Trailer Independent Brake Analysis.

Trailer independent brake is a brake system which is installed on the trailer to independently brake the
trailer or semi-trailer, and it has fellow-up function.

When the trailer needs brake, draw the independent brake valve knob of trailer brake backward, and after
the knob releasing, it will automatically rebound to its original position.

Knob of Trailer
independent brake

Knob of Stop Brake

IV. Auxiliary Brake

Auxiliary brake is engine exhaust brake.

When auxiliary brake application, press on the knob valve of exhaust brake (Knob valve is used for
controlling flatting or deflating of a given pipeline).

When vehicle is on the longer slop, the exhaust brake must be used.

Exhaust brake application can reduce the times of service brake, the wearing and heating of brakes of
tire and wheel, and can prolong their use life and lower the oil consumption and promote the driving
safety.
  

Exhaust Brake Switch

Exhaust Brake Switch

Engine exhaust brake is closed the engine exhaust pipe to establish backpressure in the engine to be
regarded as auxiliary brake device, which can make the engine absorb the dynamic energy of vehicle to
realize the purpose of continuous brake.

Butterfly Valve

Butterfly Valve

Twenty-fourth Interface

Second Interface 
Four Circuit First Interface Overflow Valve 
Protection Value

Fuel Cut Cylinder 

Butterfly Valve 
Electromagnetic Valve
and Auxiliary Air-using
Module 

(Model 08) Working Principle Drawing of Auxiliary Brake

.
 

Twenty-fourth
Interface 

Four Circuit
Protection Valve  Air Reservoir of Auxiliary Air-used

Fuel Oil-cut Cylinder 

Butterfly Valve
Electromagnetic Valve and
Auxiliary Air-using Module 

(Model 09) Working Principle Drawing of Auxiliary Brake

Section III Auxiliary Air-Using Analysis

The compressed air, through four circuit protection valve, enters into the auxiliary system, which is also
called air-controlled system and includes clutch assist system; shift of high and low speed of
transmission, electromagnetic valve of PTO, differential lock cylinder among shafts and wheels, etc.

I. Complete Arrangement of Auxiliary Air-using.

Overflow Valve

Air Resource of Transmission 

Assist Cylinder of Clutch 

Aired Armchair and Air
Resource of Loudspeaker 

Air Suspension of Cab

Electromagnetic Valve and
Auxiliary Module. 

(Model 08) Working Principle Drawing of Auxiliary Air-used

  

Assist Cylinder of
Clutch 

Four Circuit
Protection Valve 

Air Reservoir of Auxiliary

Air-using 

Transmission 
To the Left of Height valve of Cab

To the Right of Height Valve of

Cab 

Electromagnetic Valve and Module

of Auxiliary Air-using 
Air Armchair and Air Resource of
Loudspeaker
(Model 09) Working Principle Drawing of Auxiliary Air-using.
Model 09 series truck is added up air reservoir of auxiliary air-using to the part of auxiliary air-using;
among them, the transmission using air, assist cylinder of clutch using air and exhaust brake using air all
come from air reservoir, and the others using air come from module of auxiliary air-using.
II. Air Controlling of Differential Lock among Wheels and Shafts

  Axle Differential Lock of HOWO1697

Working Cylinder 

Electromagnetic Valve  Working Cylinder

Wheels Differential Lock of Single STEYR Axle

Electromagnetic Valve 

Working Cylinder Working Cylinder Working Cylinder 

Wheel and Axle Differential Lock Shaft of Double STEYR Axles

Controlling Pipeline of Differential Lock among Shafts and Wheels

 

1. Definition of Differential Lock

Differential Lock of automobile is main components of drive axle. Its function is transforming power to
the half shaft of two sides, and meanwhile, allows the half shaft of two sides turning in different speeds
to meet the wheels of two sides to make unequal distance driving in pure rolling style to reduce the
fraction of tyre to the ground.

When automobile is turning, the path curve of its wheel is a circular arc. If the automobile turns left, the
center point of circular arc is on the left side, while the right wheel will go further than the left one at the
same time. Therefore, in order to balance this difference, the left wheel shall slowly move and the right
one quickly move, so the distance difference can be made up by different turning speeds.

If the rear wheel is made of an entirty, the different turning speeds of two side wheels can not realize,
then the automatical adjustment can not realize either. Early one hundred years ago, Louis Renault,
founder of French Renault Automobile Co., had already designed the differential lock to resolve this
problem.

2. Operation of Different Lock.

If the dirve axle is fitted with differential lock, when the vehicle skids or sticks in the mud, the
differential lock can promote its passing capability. Differential lock includes two types of wheel
differential lock and axle differential lock. The single axle vehicle only has wheel differential lock.

Notice: There is not wheel differential lock in the rear axle of HOWO.

(1). Operation of wheel differential locks of 4 x 2, 6 x 3 model trucks.

Warning: Only when the truck drives in the straight line, wheel differential lock can be used.

a. Joint the differential lock: only when the truck is on the stop condition, or straight driving at
lower speed (equal to the walking speed), the differential lock can be jointed.

Put on the differential lock switch. When wheel differential lock has jointed, the indicator light of
wheel differential lock on the panel will be illuminated.

Warning: When truck is driving, the clutch must be separated before jointed.

b. Disconnection of the differential lock: release the throttle, press on the pedal clutch, and push the
upward parts of differential lock switch. After wheel differential lock has disconnected, the
indicator light of wheel differential lock on the panel will be went out.

(2). Operation of the differential locks of Model 6 x 4, 6 x 6, 8 x 4 trucks.

Operation Principle of the differential lock: firstly joint axle differential lock, then wheel
differential lock.

a. Axle differential lock

Axle differential lock: used for locking the first and second drive axles.

a.1 Joint of the axle differential lock: only when the truck is on the stop condition, or straight
driving at lower speed (equal to the walking speed), the differential lock can be jointed.

Put on the differential lock switch. After wheel differential lock has jointed, the indicator light of
  

wheel differential lock on the panel will be illuminated.

Warning: When truck is driving, the clutch must be separated before jointed.

a.2 Disconnection of the differential lock: release the throttle, press on the pedal clutch, and
push the differential lock switch. After wheel differential lock has disconnected, the indicator
light of wheel differential lock on the panel will be went out.

b. Bowel differential lock

Wheel differential lock is used for locking the first and second drive axles.

Warning: Only when the truck drives in the straight line, wheel differential lock can be used.

Operation of wheel differential lock is same as the Model 4 x 2, 6 x 2 trucks.

Notice:

1. When the indicator light of wheel differential lock is still illuminated, the truck can not turn
or drive in highly speed.

2. After the truck passing the road with worse conditions, the differential lock shall be
immediately jointed, relish the throttle and press on the clutch, and rebound the differential
lock switch to the its original position. After the indicator lights on the switch and panel
have gone out, the differential lock function has been released.

III. Air Controlling of Clutch Brake

The products of CNHTC only have FULLER transmission without synchronizer which equipped
with clutch brake. When truck starting up, press on the pedal of clutch, and after overcome a
distinct pressure point A, then continuously press it to the pedal bottom (point B), the clutch
brake starts to act on, and then the shift gear can be operated expediently.

Notice: the clutch brake can not be pressed under the A point during the common use, and only
under the truck stop condition, the clutch brake can be used to assist shift gear.

Interface of Clutch Brake

Fuller
Transmission

White/Brown
Blue/Yellow

IV. Air Controlling of PTO

 

1. Working Principle Drawing of FULLER Transmission

Yellow/Brown

To auxiliary air-using module 

Yellow/Brown

Yellow/Orange
Yellow/Brown
Controlling Cylinder of transmission
Controlling Cylinder of PTO 

Generally, FULLER transmission adopts PTO on its extension shaft of the rear end auxiliary gearbox.

Neutral Gear Cylinder

PTO Cylinder

Operation of PTO (description by example of the rear end PTO of transmission).

  

Notice: PTO can be used only in the lower shift gear.

(1). Joint of PTO:
Press on the clutch pedal, put on the PTO switch, then the indicator light on the panel can be
illuminated. After that, shift gear and release the clutch. PTO can be acted on after putting into
gear.
When reverse gear shifts, the turning direction of PTO is on the other wary round.
(2). Disconnection of PTO
Press on the clutch pedal, the PTO switch back to its position, then after 3 minutes later, release
the clutch pedal and disconnect PTO, and the indicator light on the panel will be gone out at the
same time.
(3). Operation of neutral gear switch of PTO
Neutral switch of PTO makes the auxiliary transmission on the neutral position and only is
applied at the stop vehicle condition for PTO.
Vehicle can not start up to drive when PTO working.
a. Application of neutral switch of PTO
Vehicle requires using PTO when it stops, and when using PTO, it uses PTO switch.
Warning: When using PTO, the transmission must firstly put into lower gear shift.
Put into lower gear of transmission and then put on the PTO switch.
Put on PTO neutral switch, the compressed air can force to put the auxiliary gearbox of
transmission into neutral (at this moment, the auxiliary gearbox has not output, but the main
gearbox can shift gear) to keep the vehicle on stopping condition; meanwhile, the indicator light
will be illuminated, then connects the PTO and output the power.
b. Disconnection of neutral switch of PTO
Put the transmission into neutral gear, put on the upward parts of neutral switch of PTO and the
indicator light on the panel will go out.
Warning: before disconnection, the transmission must be put into neutral gear.
2. Heavy truck transmission and ZF transmission
Due to PTO power draw out of the main gearbox, the neutral electromagnetic value is not required and
only one electromagnetic value is required.

Air Resource Hole of PTO

V. Transmission Air-using Analysis

1. For the transmission with main and auxiliary gearbox, its auxiliary gearbox, generally controlled
by air, needs air resource. However, if the transmission is not equipped with auxiliary gearbox, it need
not air resource, such as ZF6S-120 transmission.
 

Air Resource Hole of

Heavy Truck Transmission

Air Resource Hole of

FULLER Transmission

2. Air Resource of 16-shift Transmission of Heavy Truck.

Air resource comes from the compressed air of complete vehicle. Front and rear auxiliary gearboxes are
all controlled by air. The front auxiliary gearbox is higher and lower gear shift, which realized by the
preset valve on the knob, and its pipeline sketch is shown as following figure. When switch valve is on
the H zone, air enters into the above hole of insert gear through the second hole of one way of
two-position five-way valve; and when switch valve is on the L zone, air enters into the under hole of
insert gear through the fourth hole of one way of two-position five-way valve. Higher and lower gears
shift of rear auxiliary gearbox can be realized by double-H valve operation, and its pipeline is shown as
the following figure: P Hole is air entering hole of double-H valve, A connects to the above hole of range
gear cylinder and B connects to the under hole of range gear cylinder.

Notice: Vent of double-H valve must be installed downwards.

Gear Shift Knob

The Under Hole of Insert The Above Hole of Insert Gear
Gear Cylinder  Cylinder 

Two-position
Five-way Valve 
Air Resource of
Complete Vehicle

Air Resource Hole of Auxiliary

Cylinder of Clutch 

Air Pipeline Sketch of Transmission Insert Gear

 

The Above Hole of Insert

Gear Cylinder 

The Under Hole of Insert

Gear Cylinder 

The Above Hole of Range

Gear Cylinder 

The Under Hole of Range

Gear Cylinder 
 

Chapter VIII Electro circuit System.

Section I General
Electro circuit system of HOWO Truck includes main board of complete vehicle, drive module,
combination instrument, engine ECU, sensor, switch, electromagnetic valve, indicator light, illumination
light and other electrical equipment.
Electro circuit system of complete vehicle of this series truck adopts MOTOROLA advanced flush
bonding MCU and CSIC digital chip, and controls entrustment, self-examine and function drive through
communication system of CAN or LIN master line.
The truck engine adopts Japan electrical assembled and controlled common rail fuel system, which
mainly depends on different sensors and switches to detect the real condition of engine and carries out
the best controlling of oil injection amount, time and pressure and others by calculation and treatment to
realize the best result of power and exhaust.

I. Main Board

Instrument
Back
Surface

Wire Connection Plug

Main Board

Figure 8-1 Main Board

Using one 72-core socket (AMP353830), three sockets of 353031、353029、353027 matches with main
board, and the lead pin distribution of 72-core socket is shown as the following figure:

Figure 8-2 Socket Connector of Main Board

II. Drive Module

It totally has 30 fuses, 14 relays, 9 sockets (one for signal input, seven for power output and one LIN
interface port).
Illustration: for electrical controlling power drive, it shall be led and connected three independent power
lines of 30#、15# and grounding wire.
  

30 points power supply (4.0 red)

15 point power supply (2.5 black)

Figure 8-3 Drive Module

Grounding wire (4.0 brown). The connection of this grounding wire shall ensure large area contact and
the contact resistance shall be less than 1mΩ and must be absolutely reliability.
The led wire of power supply is 15 cm long, code D1 is three-phase socket of AMP company, and
AMP1544133-1 metal terminal, AMP1544225-1 plastic jacket.

III. ECU of Common Rail Engine

Engine
ECU

Interface Port of
ECU Wire Harness 

Figure 8-4 ECU of Common Rail Engine

In fact, ECU of common rail engine is a controlling ECU of complete vehicle, which uses 90 lead pins
of input and output which distributed within 5 sockets. For engine ECU, it is mainly divided into input
signal and output signal, and input signal is the situations of each sensor, switch, power supply and
grounding; while output signal is the situations of actuator of oil injector, oil-supply pump valve,
indicator light, exhaust brake valve and others. ECU decides the output signal after calculation by
present input conditions.
1. Lead Pins of ECU input and output
Five connectors (34 wires, 35 weirs, 32 wires, 35 wires and 31 wires) compose ECU.
2. Start-up Process
Put key start-up switch on the On position, then the 46 and 56 lead pins inputs 24v power supply,
74 and 75 lead pins output grounding signals to open main relay, 35, 75, 5,6 and 7 lead pins
output 24v power supply, the malfunction light is illuminated; meanwhile, PCV relay is
 

connected (ready for PCV valve working). At this moment, ECU is at the power supply situation
before start-up engine.
When key start-up switch putting on the start-up position, start-up relay connected only on the
condition that transmission is on the neutral position, and ECU enters into start-up model, and
establishes rail pressure and the oil injector begins working. After engine start-up, key start-up
switch back to its ON position and the engine enters into the idle speed period. At this moment, if
the engine is not in malfunction, the malfunction indicator light will go out.
The final oil injecting amount is mainly controlled by accelerated pedal when vehicle is driving,
and also decided by the temperature of discharged water, entering air pressure and other
conditions.
IV. Other Electrical Equipment
1. Sensor
Sensor fitted on the engine includes:
Turning speed sensor, cylinder identification sensor, water temperature sensor, entering air
temperature sensor, returning oil temperature sensor, entering air pressure sensor, common rail
pressure sensor, machine oil pressure sensor, oil and water separation sensor.
Sensor fitted on the complete vehicle includes:
Accelerated pedal sensor, milometer sensor, PTO accelerator sensor, idle speed controlling sensor,
air conditioner temperature sensor, air conditioner evaporator temperature sensor, oil
consumption sensor, brake pressure sensor.
2. Switch
Key start-up switch, exhaust brake switch, clutch switch (constant closed contact point), brake
switch (constant closed contact point), neutral switch (constant closed contact point), higher and
lower gears switch, ECU diagnosis switch, air conditioner switch, reverse gear switch, cruise
switch (point-touched switch), machine warm-up switch, economic running switch, combination
switch, general illumination switch, front fog light switch, rear fog light switch, emergency
warning light switch, loudspeaker shift switch, PTO switch, PTO neutral switch, axle differential
lock switch, wheel differential lock switch, working indicator light switch, the second PTO
switch, main and auxiliary oil tanks shift switch, ABS diagnosis switch, filter clog warning light
switch, safety belt lock switch, oil and water separation warning switch, energy-stored spring
signal switch, auxiliary air-using signal switch, brake signal light switch, door light switch, cab
lock signal switch, air drier heating switch, vehicle under parts start-up switch, vehicle under
parts stop switch, general power supply switch, electromagnetic power supply switch.
3. Relay
ECU main relay, PCＶ relay, warm-up relay, start-up relay, reverse gear relay, brake light relay,
exhaust brake relay.
4. Electromagnetic valve
Oil injector electromagnetic valve (6), air discharged electromagnetic valve (6), exhaust brake
electromagnetic valve, PTO electromagnetic valve, PTO neutral electromagnetic valve, axle and
wheel differential lock electromagnetic valve, air loudspeaker electromagnetic valve, lift shaft
electromagnetic valve, and ABS electromagnetic valve (4).
5. Indicator Light
Exhaust brake indicator light, warm-up indicator light, ECU malfunction diagnosis light, oil and
water separation indicator light, and ASR indicator light.
6. Illumination light (commonly two lights)
Front high beam light, front dipped headlight, front fog light, front assist high beam light, front
parking light, front turning light, cab front clearance lamp, cab rear clearance lamp, cab
illumination light, cab middle illumination light (1), berth lamp, cab turning light, side-marker
  

lamp, brake light, reverse light, rear parking light, rear turning light, trailer working light (1), and
ashtray spotlight.
7. Radio
Adopt MP3 radio (with USB interface) made by VDO company.
8. Vehicle Travelling Data Recorder
Choose model MTC01324 vehicle travelling data recorder (English) made by VDO company or
model HY2003-1B-P vehicle travelling data recorder (Chinese) made by Suzhou Hongyuan
Company.
9. Air Conditioner Controller
Adopt ZQ warm wind controlling system of air conditioner made by Nanjing Aolian Company.

Section II Function Explanation of Electrical Equipment

I. Overvoltage Warning Device

Overvoltage
Warning Device

Framework of
Window

Figure 8-5: Overvoltage Warning Device

When system voltage is over 30.5±0.5V, overvoltage warning device will utter voice instruction:
engine voltage is higher, please lower the engine speed and go to the service station to maintain
as soon as possible. When system voltage is over 31.5±0.5V, overvoltage warning device will
utter voice instruction: engine voltage is highest, please disconnect the engine wire and go to the
service station to maintain as quickly as possible.
II. Operation of Differential Lock (6 x 4 as an example)
Wheel
Differentia
l Lock 

Axle Wheel Axle

Differentia Differential differential
l Lock  Lock Switch Lock Switch

Figure 8-6 Location Sketch Map of Differential Lock

Operation principle of differential lock: firstly joint axle differential lock, then joint wheel differential
lock.
1. Axle differential lock
Axle differential lock is used to lock the differential lock device between the first and second
axles.
Operating method:
 

Joint of axle differential lock: when vehicle is on the stop or lower speed straight driving
conditions, put down the axle differential lock switch. After axle differential lock joint, indicator
light of axle differential lock will be illuminated.
Disconnection of axle differential lock: release throttle, and push the clutch down, and press on
the axle differential lock switch. After axle differential lock disconnection, indicator light of axle
differential lock will be gone out.
2. Wheel differential lock
Well differential lock is used to lock the wheel differential lock device between left wheel and
right wheel.
Operating method:
Joint of wheel differential lock: when vehicle is on the stop or lower speed straight driving
conditions, put down the wheel differential lock switch. After wheel differential lock joint,
indicator light of wheel differential lock will be illuminated.
Disconnection of wheel differential lock: release throttle, and push the clutch down, and press on
the above part of wheel differential lock switch. After wheel differential lock disconnection,
indicator light of wheel differential lock will be gone out.
Notice:
(1) When differential lock indicator light is still illuminated, vehicle can not turn or drive on
higher speed.
(2) When vehicle passed the skip road, differential lock shall be disconnected.
(3) Vehicle will be damaged by abnormal use.
III. ABS Electrical Controlling System
ABS(Anti-lock braking system)is a electrical controlling system of monitoring and controlling vehicle speed during
brake period. Its task is avoiding the wheel being locked due to larger brake energy (especially on the skip road).
Therefore, even though the full brake is acted on, the transverse traction can be maintained to ensure the driving
stability and vehicle turning controlling and the best result of coordination of main trailer brake. Meanwhile, it
maintains the applied brake fraction between tyre and road surface, as well as the optimization of vehicle reduce speed
and brake distance. ABS acts on by normal brake system and it can promote the positive safety of vehicle.
1. Strongpoint of ABS
(1) Maintain the controlling feature of vehicle direction at emergency brake.
(2) Shorten and optimize the brake distance. The brake distance will be shortened over 10% on the
surface of low attached road. Maintain the best application rate of road surface attachment factor,
which is also called best brake distance.
(3) Reduce vehicle accident.
(4) Decrease the driver’s mental burden.
(5) Reduce the tyre abrasion and maintenance fee.
2. Composing of ABS
ABS is made of lots of components, which mainly includes: ECU, gear ring, sensor, electromagnetic valve,
sensor and electromagnetic valve wire, ABS indicator light, switch (optional at the main manufacturing
factory), relay for retarder controlling (for retarder fitted vehicle), power supply grounding wires with fuses. If
added ASR function, the following components need to be gained: one ASR indicator light, one switch or
button for ASR, one differential brake valve, one dual way check valve, engine controlling interface, etc. For
trailer ABS, it must be equipped with ISO7638 power supply, which is also called: power supply of trailer
ABS. it also be added indicator light of trailer ABS in the cab.
3. ABS Working Principle
The working principle of ABS is gear ring and sensor corporately produces signal of induced voltage,
  

and the signal is transported to ECU. ECU receives and deals with the signal form sensor, and send
signal to electromagnetic valve. Electromagnetic valve adjusts the brake pressure of brake air chamber
according to the instruction made by ECU. ABS indicator light is used to remind of the driver whether
the ABS is normal working or not. Therefore, the entire system installation includes air channel,
electrical circuit, axle and cab wiring harness.
4. Identification Method of ABS Normal Working
(1) Observing ABS Indicator Light
The function of ABS indicator light is let the driver to understand the situation of ABS, and also to
display the diagnosis flash code.
Working condition of ABS indicator light is as following:
Table 8-1: Working Condition of ABS Indicator Light
ABS Indicator Light Instantly is
Illuminated (about 3 Seconds) ABS Normal
then Gone out
Put on Igniting
If indicator light goes out when vehicle speed is more than
Switch
ABS Indicator Light is Constant 7km/h, the ABS is on the normal condition.
Illuminated If indicator light does not go out when vehicle speed is more
than 7km/h, the ABS is on the abnormal condition.

Notice: ABS indicator light will be gone out after the vehicle speed is more than 7km/h when the vehicle is
firstly started-up or after system diagnosis (if system is normal function). The condition of indicator light will be
as the abovementioned since the second ignition switch is opened.
(2) Emergency Brake
Emergency brake shall be executed on the wide and smooth road at more than 40km/h speed, and observe the
brake trace. If there is not brake trace on the road surface, it shows that ABS plays its role. If there are drag marks
of all wheels or drag mark of one of wheels, and meanwhile, the ABS indicator light is illuminated, it shows that
ABS does not play its role or not play its role on one of wheels. At this condition, ABS or ABS of one of wheels
shall be carried out diagnosis and maintenance.
(3) ABS Working Identification
Put on the ignition switch and wait for the ABS indicator light gone out, then listen to the recycle sound of ABS
electromagnetic valve. For the 4S/4M basic model of E version, there are four self-examining sounds of
electromagnetic valve.
Sound recycling of ABS electromagnetic valve is totally sounds as 1-2-3-4.
1-right front wheel
2-left rear wheel
3-left front wheel
4-right rear wheel
5. Diagnosis Method of ABS
WABCO provides several diagnosis methods for troubshooting of ABS, such as apparatus diagnosis, PC
diagnosis, portable apparatus and flash code diagnosis’s. Apparatus and PC diagnosises are suitable for
the offline of complete vehicle and reinforced service station for malfunction identification. Potable
apparatus and flash code diagnosises are suitable for service station or consumer self-examine to its
system.

Section III Brief Introduction of Electrical System of HOWO (09

Series)
I. Main Differences of Electrical System of 08 and 09 Series
1. Manufacturer Changing of Main Controlling System
 

Table 8-2 Comparison List of Electrical System Manufacturer of 08 and 09 Series

Parts Name 08 Series 09 Series

Combination CAN Instrument of Jinan United Electronic CMIC of Dual CAN, VDO Company of
Instrument Technology Company. Continental AG, Germany.

Center Controlling Left Controlling Module of Jinan United CBCU of VDO Company, Continental AG,
Unit Electronic Technology Company. Germany.

Power Output Left Controlling Module of Jinan United

Sichuan Xiaohang
Module Electronic Technology Company.
Notice:
Germany Continental AG, which was established in 1871 and headquarter is located at Hanoverian city,
is the third largest tyre manufacturer in the world and the largest suppler of automobile parts of Europe.
In 1955, it has began to make tyre without inner tube, and in 1960, it has began to produce radial tyre,
and in 1991, it has firstly produced environmental protection tyre with oil saving and longer mileage to
support almost Europe vehicles.
Germany Continental Tyre Company is an international leader supplier of brake system, chassis parts,
vehicle electrical parts and high technological rubber. It owns over 100 factories, research and
development department and testing center in the 27 countries of the world, and its total employees are
over 80,000. In 2006, its sale amount is 14.9 billion Euros, and it is ranked 385 of 500 enterprises in the
world.
At present, Germany Continental AG Tyre Company divides into four departments: saloon can and light
duty truck tyre, industry and commercial tyre, vehicle automatical controlling system and Contitech. The
company has advanced technologies of electrical brake system (ESC, ABS, TCS), electrical suspension
system, vehicle dynamic controlling, electronic and sensor systems, and it can provide widely
technological support.
In 2007, Germany Continental AG paid 11.4 billion Euro to purchase Siemens VDO Automotive AG
under Simens AG. Siemens VDO Automotive AG is one of business units being developed by Siemens
AG, and meanwhile, it also has the leading supplier of automobile electrical device, electrical system and
mechanical electrical device. This purchasing is the largest scale on its developing history. In 2006, the
total sale amount of Continental AG and Siemens VDO Automotive AG is about 25 billion Euro, and
their employees are nearly 140,000. After this purchasing, the ranking of Continental AG among the
industrial fields are promoted to top five. Continental AG strides into a new developing stage of
supplying full series integration system.
2. New Instrument: CMIC
Combination instrument connects with CBCU, VDR/MTCO by ICAN to display the information of
vehicle driving and malfunctioned warning, etc.
In the combination instrument, there is built-in buzzer, which gives warning for its corresponding
malfunction, and when the vehicle turning or hazard warning light working. There is button on the panel
for resetting of trip and its oil consumption. After closing the small light switch, back light of
combination instrument will be illuminated, all the scales and numbers are displaying green, and the
needle is red. Crystal display of combination instrument is black background with yellow words; its back
light can be adjusted by menu button or switch.
Combination instrument has 23 indicator lights, which is used for indication of each corresponding
malfunction, malfunction warning or working. Compared with the traditional instrument, this instrument
signal comes from center vehicle computer, and it can display relative information by CAN main line, K
line or ignition key (KL 15) activation. Among them, K line is special use of VDO Company. The
protective grade of instrument front faceplate is IP 54, which can be proof-dust and proof-splash. The
protective grade of back faceplate is IP 30. No water enters into the instrument to cause short to damage
the combination instrument.
Shape of combination instrument is as following:
  

Figure 8-7: CMIC Combination Instrument

1. Speedometer. 2. Engine Speed Indicator. 3. Engine Water Temperature Indicator 4.Fuel Gauge
5. Reset Button of Tripand its Oil Consumption. 6. Crystal Display. 7. Pressureometer of Brake Circuit 1.
8. Pressureometer of Brake Circuit 2.
Indicator light is shown as following

Figure 8-8 Sketch Map of Indicator Light

Part functions explanation of indicator light is shown as following table:
Table 8-3: Part Function List of Indicator Light

No. Description Color No. Description Color

1 Left Turning Light Green 13 Hazard Warning Light Red
2 Right Turning Light Green 14 Warm-up Working Light Yellow
3 Oil Pressure Warning Light Red 15 Fuel Warning Light Green
4 Low Pressure Warning Light Red 16 Filter Clog Warning Light Yellow
5 Stop Brake Light Red 17 Cab Unlock Warning Light Red
6 Trailer Turning Light Green 18 Engine Malfunction Light Yellow
7 Safety Belt Warning Light Red 19 Low Gear Light Green
8 Water Over temperature Warning Light Red 20 Common Warning Light Yellow
9 Charge Light Red 21 ABS Light for Master Vehicle Yellow
10 High Beam Light Blue 22 ABS Light For Trailer Yellow
11 Front Fog Light Green 23 ASR Light Yellow
12 Rear Fog Light Yellow
3. Central Body Controlling Unit: CBCU
The main controlling module of 08 series truck is on the back surface of instrument, and the main
controlling module of 09 series truck is located at the first layer of ECU installation box. They are shown
as followings:
 

Interface of
Connected wire

CBCU

Figure 8-9 Connected Wire of CBCU

Figure 8-10 CBCU Installation.

4. New Style Electrical Installation Box
The electrical installation of 09 series truck is installed on the right controlling module position of 08
series truck, and the connected wire is different, shown as the following figure:

Figure 8-11 Electrical Installation Box

5. MCS Knob: Human Machine Interface
Electrical system of 08 series truck can not adjust the crystal display. The electrical of 09 series truck is
added MCS switch to realize the adjustment of crystal display.
Notice: Early some of trucks are adjusted by adding and reducing switch and identified switch.
  

Figure 8-12 MCS Knob

Adding and Reducing Switch

Identification Switch

Figure 8-13 Adding and Reducing Switch, Identification Switch

6. New Style Brake Light Switch (Double Circuit)
The 09 series truck uses brake light switch with two-group touching point instead of single touching
point switch of 08 series truck. This design saves the brake pressure switch, and optimizes the system.

Figure 8-14 Brake Light Switch

7. New Style Working Light
09 series truck adopts double wire working light instead of
single working light of 08 series truck, and it makes the working more safety.
 

Figure 8-15 Working Light

II. System Function of CBCU.

1. System Composing
System Combination Instrument CMIC
Connection
Figure of Siemens
CAN Bus 

Vehicle Driving Recorder (VDR) Menu Button of

Information of CAN I: Information of CAN II: MCS: for menu
Informantions of CAN controlls six control of crystal
vehicle speed, time, meters, all the display.
short milage will be indicator marks and
sent to instrument by
CAN line LCD information 

Offline Diagnosis
Central Body Controlling Unit Read all the
malfunction code
from controlling
device and download
the procedure 

Power CAN
Electrical Controlling of Complete Vehicle 

Oteher Transmission Engine Lighting Scraper All the Sensor 

ECU  ECU  ECU System and Spray Switch

Figure 8-16 CBCU System Composing

2. Main Function of CBCU
Main functions of vehicle center computer are shown as following:
• Input switch number and condition signal.
• Input frequency.
• Input simulation amount of sensor.
• Input menu knob or switch.
• Output 8V and 5V power supply for sensor using.
• Output power load.
• Monitor fault of output amount (open, overload, short) and protect overload and short.
• Receive, treat and transmit data by CAN interface.
• Monitor overtime of CAN communication.
• Control work of CMIC.
• Suitable for diagnosis function of driver and service personal.
• All the diagnosis interface of electrical network.
  

• Used the KWP2000 interface of vehicle center computer and KIBES-32 software.
• Save of diagnosis information.
3. Strongpoint of CBCU
• Be able to flexibly program by adopting KIBES-32, which is based on the IEC-61131-3
software of advanced graphics, and the products developer can easily make system program.
• Be able to realize all the functions without changing resource program of CBCU.
• Client can realize system integration.
• Be able to establish managing function of CAN net on the platform of KIBES-32. Therefore,
the future system can easily be enlarged the function by CBCU.
• All functions of combination instrument can be finished by PLC, and easily realize the
client customization.
• Be able to flexibly configure to all the interfaces of system
4. Working Environment of CBCU.
Nominal Voltage：+24V
Working Voltage：From +18V to +32V
Longest working time of 36V is one hour at40℃
Working Temperature：From -30℃ to +70℃
Storage Temperature：From -40℃ to +85℃
Protection Grade：IP30(Under the condition of connection with plug-in unit)，IEC529
Notice：Absolutely prohibit to install or dismantle vehicle centre computer, otherwise, it may
damage the centre computer and its wire harness (such as caused the burning of the terminal of
built-in unit).
5. CUCU Communication Interface
(1). ICAN
ICAN connects to CMIC, VDR/MTCO or other ECU, and abides by ISO11898 specification, its
baud rate is 250KBps.
Notice: interior of CBCU has integrated terminal resistance of 120Ω.
(2). PCAN
Execute protocol standard of SAE-J1939, and its baud rate is 250KBps.
(3) K Line
Execute ISO9141 standard, and its CBCU procedure downloading, system diagnosis and others
has been finished by K Line.
(4) Menu Knob / Switch
Human machine interface. Operations of turning, timing, lighting and others of crystal display of
combination instrument are carried out by menu knob / switch.
6. Information of Crystal Display
(1) Information of Normal Driving
It is used to display the information of vehicle normal driving, which is shown as following:
 

Figure 8-17 Display of Normal Driving Condition

Voltage of power supply (Item 1, Item 2).
Voltage of power supply will be displayed in form of number on the crystal display; its showing range is
0-32 voltage.
Engine oil pressure (Item 3, Item 4).
Engine oil pressure will be displayed in form of number on the crystal display. CBCU can gain oil
pressure information from engine electrical controlling unit through engine power bus or gain oil
pressure information through oil pressure sensor.
Transmission gear shift information:
When assembling manual transmission, Item 6 shows N, R and blank, which represents neutral, reverse
gear and forward gear.
Automatical/manual style showing of AMT gear-box(Item5).
When assembling AMT gear-box, Item 5 shows A or M, which represents automatical or manual style of
transmission.
Present gear shift information of AMT (Item 6)
When assembling AMT gear-box, Item 6 shows gear shift information:
Showing gear shift number of forward gear: 1-99
Neutral gear shows N
Reverse gear shows R1-R9.
When gear shift information, sent by AMT, is over abovementioned range, it will show XX.
Gear shift information of AMT gear-box (Item 7)
When assembling AMT gear-box, on the condition that present gear is less than recommended gear, it
will show “”.
On condition that present gear is more than recommended gear, it will show “V”. On condition that
present gear is equal to recommended gear, it will be no showing.
Information of AMT gear-box power / economic style (Item 8). When it is at power style, it will show P,
and when at economic style, it will show E.
Recommended gear information of AMT gear-box (Item 9).
Showing style is as same as present gear information.
  

When gear of AMT gear-box is at abnormal situation, buzzer will be sounded in low frequency.
Indicator of cruise working (Item 10)
When vehicle enters into cruise working condition, it will show CC symbol.
Time (Item 11 on figure 3.1.2.b-2)
Showing time: if system connects with vehicle driving recorder of VDO, and connects with vehicle
central computer by CAN, the showing time is vehicle driving recorder time.
If not installed vehicle driving recorder of VDO, the showing time needs to be set after system power
supplying.
Reservation function has not been used by CNHTC now.
Accumulated total mileage of vehicle driving (Item 13 in figure 3.1.2.b)
Showing range: 0-9999999 km.
Short mileage (Item 14 in figure 3.1.2.b)
Showing range: 0-9999.9km.
For vehicle installed with driving recorder of VDO and connected with central computer by CAN, its
short mileage information and vehicle total mileage can be transmitted to vehicle central computer by
driving recorder of VDO through CAN, and shown on the Item 13 and Item 14 of combination
instrument.
For vehicle without installation with driving recorder of VDO, the abovementioned data will be
calculated by central computer according to impulse number of sensor and vehicle feature parameter (K
value), and transmitted to CMIC by CAN to display on the Item 13 and Item 14 of combination
instrument.
If such accumulated short mileage is over this range, or continuously press on the reset knob of short
mileage / short mileage oil consumption for 2 seconds (see ⑤ of figure 3.1.a), short mileage and short
mileage oil consumption will be turned to zero at the same time.
Notice: Prohibit directly disconnection battery and central computer when ignition switch is not closed,
otherwise, the data of single driving mileage will be lost.
(2) Show Page of Working Information
It is used to display the working information of some systems on the vehicle, such as working indicating
of differential lock, working indicating of lift axle, working indicating of PTO, working indicating of
exhaust brake. Indicators, which needed showing by crystal display, are 7 and showed in two displays.
Show page is shown as the following figure:

Figure 8-18 Show Page 1 of Working Information

 

Figure 8-19 Show Page 2 of Working Information

Explanation of Indicator:
Item 1 is working indicating of wheel differential lock. When wheel differential lock engaged, this
indicating will be shown on the crystal display.
When wheel differential lock is on its position (that is signal switch of wheel differential lock is closed),
this indicator will be still on the crystal display; otherwise, it will be flashed.
Item 2 is working indicating of axle differential lock. When axle differential lock engaged, this
indicating will be shown on the crystal display.
When axle differential lock is on its position (that is signal switch of axle differential lock is closed), this
indicator will be still on the crystal display; otherwise, it will be flashed.
Item 3 is working indicating of entire wheel drive.
When entire wheel drive engaged, this indicating will be shown on the crystal display.
When entire wheel drive is on its position (that is signal switch of entire wheel drive is closed), this
indicator will be still on the crystal display; otherwise, it will be flashed.
Remark: If one of indicator lights of Item 1-3 showing on crystal display, (that is wheel, axle
differential lock switches or entire wheel drive switch are closed), crystal display will be still on this
show page.
Item 4 is working indicator of lift axle. When lift axle is working, this indicator will be shown on the
crystal display.
Item 5 is working indicator of electromagnetic valve. When the electromagnetic valve is working, this
indicator will be shown on the crystal display.
After PTO is working (signal switch of arriving position is closed), this indicator will be still on the
crystal display. Otherwise, the indicator will be flashed.
Item 6 is neutral working indicator of PTO. When PTO neutral is working, their indicator will be shown
on the crystal display.
Item 7 is working information indicator.

Item 8 will show “ ” when differential lock, entire wheel drive, PTO, PTO neutral and exhaust brake
are working.
When information, which needed to show, is more than one display, this display turning indicator will be
shown on the crystal display. It can be turned to read by turning menu knob.
When present page is figure shown page, but there are anther contains to need display, this indicator will
  

be flashed. Put down the menu button one time can enter into next display screen.
Item 9 is warning indicator of oil-water separator.
When oil-water separator is warning, the indicator will begin to work.
Item 10 is working indicator of exhaust brake.
When exhaust brake is working, this indicator will be shown on the crystal display.
(3) Adjustment of Vehicle Condition / Page View
It is used to enter into the adjustment of vehicle condition or page view, as the following figure shown:

Entering by Pressing Menue Knob

Adjustment of Crystal Display
Lightness 
Information of Driving Oil
Consumption
Time Adjustment

Figure 8-20 Adjustment of Vehicle Condition / Page View

Items can be adjusted or read are shown as following:
Adjustment of crystal display lightness (see Item 2 shown)
Condition of driving oil consumption (see Item 3 shown) (only for vehicle equipped with common rail
engine).
Time adjustment (see Item 4 shown).
a. Adjustment of Crystal Display Lightness
Turning menu knob from right or left, and when the background of “adjustment of crystal display
lightness” turns to yellow, then press on the menu knob to enter into the page shown on the figure
3.1.2.b-III b: adjustment of crystal display lightness (Item 1). At this moment, turning menu knob from
right or left, the lightness of crystal display and column bar (Item 2) will be increased or decreased.
When column bar arrives full scale, the lightness of crystal display will be at largest.

Escaping by Pressing Menue Knob

Adjustment of Crystal Display

Lightness 

Figure 8-21 Adjustment Display of Crystal Display Lightness

 

After arriving the need lightness, then put down the menu knob (Item 3), lightness adjustment can be
escaped. At this moment, page will back to the figure shown page, and the chosen lightness will be
stored in the CBCU. Before next adjustment, the lightness is the one stored in the CBCU.
When small light is opened, and at the same time of lightness adjustment of crystal display, lightness of
backlight of combination instrument and rocker switch will be adjusted.
At this moment, if one of switches of wheel differential lock, axle differential lock or entire wheel
drive switch is closed, lightness adjustment of crystal display will be escaped, and the present
lightness will be stored in the CBCU.
b. Information of Driving Oil Consumption.
This information is only for vehicle equipped with common rail engine, and the data is used for showing
the information of driving oil consumption. For the vehicle without common rail engine, this page will
be not shown.

Figure 8-22 Display of Information of Driving Oil COnsumption

Trip oil consumption showing (Item 1):
Showing form: XX.X L, unit is liter (L) and person is O.5 L.
Showing refurbish speed rate is not more than one second.
Put down the reset button of trip or trip oil consumption to maintain 2 seconds, and the trip oil
consumption (Qtrip) will be turned to zero.
Total oil consumption (Qtotal) showing of engine (Item 2):
Showing form: XX.X L, unit is liter (L) and person is 1 liter.
Showing refurbish speed rate is not more than one second.
Hour oil consumption (Qinst) showing (Item 3):
Showing form: XX.X L/h, unit is L/h (liter / hour).
Showing refurbish speed rate is not more than one second.
100km oil consumption showing (Item 3):
Showing form: XX.X L/100km, unit is L/100km (litre/100km).
Showing refurbish speed rate is not more than one second.
When value of Q100km is more than 150 L/100km, the showing of 100km oil consumption will be
cancelled and only showing the hour oil consumption.
c. Time Adjustment
When system is not connected with driving recorder of VDO, time adjustment condition can be entered
by operating menu knob. Turning menu knob to right, and when the background of “time adjustment” is
yellow, then put down the menu knob / switch to enter the page of time adjustment.
  

Putting down Menu Knob and One

Time Entering 

Time Adjustment

Figure 8-23 Display of Time Adjustment Showing

Put down menu knob one time to enter into hour adjustment. Then hour number begins to flash. Turning
left to reduce and turning right to add number to adjust time. Adjustment range is 0-23 and recycling
show. Item 4 showing is as same as Item 2.

Putting down Menu Knob and One Time

Entering. 

Time Adjustment

Figure 8-24 Display of Hour Adjustment

After demanding hour adjustment, put down menu knob one time, and then enter into minute adjustment
model. Minute adjustment is as same as hour adjustment. It will be recycled within 0-59. After minute
adjustment, Item 4 showing is as same as Item 2. And put down menu knob one time according to
instruction to save present time and escape time adjustment model.

Putting down Menu Knob and One

Time Entering 

Time Adjustment

Figure 8-25 Display of Minute Adjustment

 

At this moment, if one of switches of wheel differential lock, axle differential lock or entire wheel drive
switch is closed, time adjustment model will be escaped, and the present time will be stored in the
system.

If vehicle is equipped with driving recorder of VDO and connected with CAN, time adjustment page will
not be shown.

(4). System Fault Information

When system has the following malfunctions, such as:

a. open or short of light bulb, short of other output load;

b. connected load over power range;

c. sensor connection fault;

d. water temperature is too heat, level of fuel is too low or oil pressure of engine is too low;

e. brake pressure is too low;

f. voltage of power supply is too high or too low;

g. air filter is clogged;

h. over time fault of communication connection with CAN of engine, ABS, it will;

Show system fault information (shown as figure 8-26).

When new fault appears, crystal display will automatically show the fault information.

Word Showing Model

The showing fault will be ranked by the priority of fault, and if having one more faults at the same time,
the first showing is the higher fault of priority (such as fault information of involvement of brake, human
safety and engine safety).

Item1： the larger icon of first fault of this display;

Item2: Word explanation of the first fault, and if fault information is one more lines, the information will
be shown in two lines.

Item3: arrow to page turning back.

Item4: the larger icon of second fault of this display.

Item5: Word explanation of the second fault, and if fault information is one more lines, the information
will be shown in two lines;

Item6: arrow to front page turning;

If fault information is one more display and not on the first display, Item 3 will be on the page;

If fault information is one more display and not on the last display, Item 6 will be on the page;

If one more fault information and not on the first or last display, Item 3 and Item 6 will be shown at the
same time.

Showing contains explain as the following:

  

Sensor Open of Machine

Oil Pressure 

Left Position Light Open

of Master Vehicle 

Figure 8-26 Display of Malfunction Fault Information

7. Self-examination of System Electrification
When key switch puts on the “on” position (that is KL15 connection), self-examination of CAN system
will be carried out, and then each parts will act on as shown of following:
All instruments: after electrification, needle of each instrument will begin to turn from the mechanical
limitation and to the full scale within 2 seconds. After that, milometer, speedometer of engine will back
to zero, and pressure gauge, fuel gauge and water temperature gauge will show the present practical
value.
All indicator lights will be illuminated for one second, then back to the practical situation.
Crystal display will show trademark of CNHTC, and two seconds later it will show normal driving page
(voltage and oil pressure).
After self-examination, if
One of switches of present axle differential lock, wheel different lock and entire wheel drive is closed,
differential lock indicating page will be shown;
Abovementioned differential locks are not closed and system have fault, page will enter into fault
information;
Two abovementioned are not existence, however indicator on other working indicating page is working,
system will jump to indicating page;
If the three abovementioned situations are not existence, system will stay at the normal driving page.
Closing System
If system is activated by hazard warning switch or lamp light switch, it will automatically back to
dormant state after closing switch.
After breaking switch, system will back to dormant state for one second delay.
At this moment, all the working loads are closed, and needle of instrument will return to zero and
backlight of instrument will be closed.
Notice: Prohibit to cut wire connection between battery and CBCU before closing ignition key and other
input power supply with awoke function, otherwise, it will not only damage hardware of electrical
controlling unit, wiring harness and electron and electrical components of each system on the complete
vehicle, but also cause serious result of system data losing.

Section IV Brief Introduction of A7 Electrical System.

I. Composing and Feature of Electrical System
1. Composing of Electrical System of HOWO-A7
 

Figure 8-27 Composing of A7 Electrical System

2. Feature of Electrical System
(1) Based on the VDO technological platform structure of Germany Continental AG;
(2) Power CAN, vehicle body CAN and double CAN Communication;
(3) Large dual color screen of LCD shows information in separated zone.
(4) Rear junction box without car frame design makes the complete vehicle much simplifying and
beauty.
(5) Adding comfortable configuration of vehicle and be able to be suitable different clients.
II. Brief Introduction of Main Electrical Equipment
1. Central Body Controlling Unit (CBCU)
It is fitted on the wind machine by two transitional boards, and the installation process is as following:
Notice: when changing CBCU, the original information of vehicle in the CBCU needs to rewrite into the
new CBCU, and the actual process shall see the relative technical document.
Installation figure shown as following:
Four Bolts 
Three Bolts 

Installation
Board of Installation
CBCU  Board of
CBCU 

Two Bolts

CBCU 

Three Bolts 

Figure 8-28 Installation of A7-CBCU

  

2. Combination Instrument: CMIC

1  5 

2 
6 

3  7 

4  8 
Figure 8-29 CMIC of A7
1. Indicator Light 2. Water Temperature Gauge 3. Tachometer. 4. Machine Oil Pressure Gauge 5.Fuel-gauge.
6.LCD Screen 7. Speedometer. 8. Pressure meter.
3. Junction Box of Electrics
Assembling and dismantle of junction box of the central electrics.
(1) Open the cover of the middle electrics of instrumental support;
(2) Dismantle the four fitted bolts on the instrumental support of junction box of the central electrics.
(3). Pull out of the peg grafter which connected the cab wire with junction box of the central electrics,
and take out of junction box of the central electrics.

Four Fitted Bolts 

Jounction Box of
Connection harness Central Electrics 

Figure 8-30 Figure 8-30 Jounction Box of Central Electrics of A7

4. CD/Radio (with MP3)
Audio equipment also can be operated by buttons on the multifunctional steering wheel or on the audio
equipment. The detailed operation sees the following figures:

Figure 8-31 CD/Radio

 

Forward Station Searching

Sound Enlarging

Radio/CD Switch

Sound Reducing

Backward Station Searching

Figure 8-32 Operation Button of CD/Radio on Steering Wheel

5. Cruise Combination Switch

Cruise Switch

Figure 8-33 Cruise Handle

6. Lamp Light Knob

The lamp light knob integrates with position light switch, low-beam light switch, front fog light switch
and rear fog light switch, and is located at the left downward of instrument.

(1) Operation of Front Fog Light

When lamp light knob opened at the position light gear or low-beam light gear, touching the lamp light
pressing knob, the front fog light is connected, and at the same time, the indicator lights of instrument
and front fog light on the lamp light knob will be illuminated. Then pressing the lamp light knob again or
turning the lamp light knob to 0 gear, the front fog light will be gone out, and at the same time the
indicator lights of instrument and front fog light on the lamp light knob will be gone out.

(2) Operation of Rear Fog Light

When lamp light knob opened at the 2-gear position or before connection front fog light, touching the
lamp light pressing knob, the rear fog light is connected, and at the same time, the indicator lights of
instrument and rear fog light on the lamp light knob will be illuminated. Then pressing the lamp light
knob again or turning the lamp light knob to 0 gear, the rear fog light will be gone out, and at the same
time the indicator lights of instrument and rear fog light on the lamp light knob will be gone out.
  

Closing Gear
Position Light Gear

Fornt Fog Light Indication Low-beam Light Gear

Rear Fog Light Indication

Figure 8-34 Lamp Light Knob

7. MCS Knob
MCS knob is settled on the low left of instrument board, and it is a human machine interaction knob
which has function of adjustment of LCD screen parameter, and realizing three situations of clockwise
rotation, counterclockwise rotation and pressing down.

MCS Knob

Figure 8-35 Installation of MCS Knob

8. Electrical Controlling System of Vehicle Door.
Door system of A7 includes lots of electrical components and in controlled by door controller, which
includes remote control centre lock, glass electrical lifter, electrical rear view mirror, rear view mirror
heater, radio loudspeaker, step lamp, etc.

Rear Electrical View Mirror (with

Electrical Heating)

Door Control Panel

Step Lamp
Loudspeaker

Door Wiring Harness

Figure 8-36 Electrical System Arrangement of Vehicle Door

 

(1) Control Panel of Vehicle door (side of driver)

Figure 8-37 Control Panel of Vehicle Door (side of driver)

1. Control Knob of Rear View Mirror. 2.Rocker Switch of Central Lock 3.Rocker Switch of Electrical Window (side
of driver) 4.Rocker Switch of Electrical Window (side of driver)

(2) Control Knob Function of Rear View Mirror

Control knob of rear view mirror is located on the plane of switch panel, and it can turn 5 gears which
can control rear view mirror (wide-angle lenses) or rear view mirror defroster (when adjusting by its
choosing, and marks F on the knob shall point to the adjusted gear position).

Figure 8-38 Control Knob of Rear View Mirror

A. Left Side Gear of Wide-Angle Lens B.Left Side Gear of Rear View Mirror. C. Defroster Gear of Rear View Mirror.
D. Right Side Gear of Rear View Mirror. E. Right Side Gear of Wide-angle Lens.

Control knob of rear view mirror can turn to upward (fornt), to downward (rear), to left and to right to
carry out angle adjustment of rear view mirror. When poke the operation pin of control knob rod of rear
view mirror, knob rod will automatically turn backe to the middle position.

Notice: Only when key switch is connected, adjustment and heating devices of rear view mirror will act
on.

9. Lamp Light

(1) Headlight
  

3  2

1 

5 

4 

Figure 8-39 Illustration of Headlight

① Beam Light and Position Light. ② Low-beam Light. ③ Turning Light. ④ High-beam Assist Light. ⑤
Front Fog Light.
(2) Rear Light

4  5 3 4 2

6 
Figure 8-40 Illuminstration of Headlight
① Brake Light. ② Reverse Light ③ Rear Fog Light ④ Position Light ⑤ Turning Light ⑥: Nameplate Light (Under
the Left Rear light).
(3) Other Lamp Light

Low Berth Lamp

Ｆigure 8-41 Low Berth Lamp

High Berth Lamp

Figure 8-42 High Berth Lamp

 

Top Spotlight

Figure 8-43 Top Spotlight

Sundry Box Lamp Reading Lamp

Figure 8-44 Sundry Goods Box Lamp Figure 8-45 Reading Lamp

Turning Light Side Marker Lamp

Figure 8-46 Turning Light Figure 8-47 Side Marker Lamp

10. Cab Junction Box

Connection of cab and chassis electrics adopts method of double side’s junction, and it has right and left
junction boxes.

Left junction box connects ABS wiring harness, AMT wiring harness, left front wiring harness and
grounding wiring harness, and right junction harness connects right front wiring harness, chassis wiring
harness, tail light, differential lock wiring harness, engine wiring harness, trailer ABS wiring harness,
cab electricity overturn wiring harness, PTO wiring harness, power supply wire and grounding wire, etc.

Right Side Left Side

Jounction Box Jounction Box

Figure 8-48 Cab Right Side Jounction Box Figure 8-49 Left Side Jounction Box
  

11. ECU and Wiring Harness of Engine

Engine controller is located in the right side of rear tool box of cab. Engine wiring harness comes from
engine and distributes two branches in the right front part of cab, one is connected with cab wiring
harness in the right front part and another is connected with engine controller after entering into cab rear
tool box from the right carling on the cab bottom.

Engine ECU

Right Jounction Box

Engine ECU Engine Wiring Harness

Figure 8-50 Installation of Engine ECU 8-51 Figure 8-51 Layout of Engine ECU Wiring Harness
12. Arrangement of AMT Electrics
AMT controller is located at the bottom of gear shift rod (outside the cab). AMT wiring harness come
from transmission, and distributes into two branches, one is connected with cab wiring harness in the left
front part of cab, and another is connected with AMT controller through the carling on the bottom of cab.

Instrument
Jounction Box 
Left Side

Gear Shift
Handle

AMT

Figure 8-52 Arrangement of AMT Electrical System

 

Chapter XI General of HOWO-09

Technical Feature of 09 Series Heavy Truck

I. Complete Vehicle
CNHTC expects to configure the advanced technology with perfect power assembly to let the Chinese
consumer to enjoy the driving pleasure of world most advanced truck which oil consumption is at
lowest.
It adopts present world most advanced configuration technology of engine and transmission system (that
is large torque common rail engine with wide rev belt plus AMT (smart shift – AMT) plus small speed
rate drive axle). It promotes Chinese truck to new AMT era and reduces oil consumption to less than
3-5% of manual transmission.
II. Standard and Heavy Models of Tractor
1. Standard tractor is mainly used for working condition of cross provinces long distance transpiration.
1). Bulletin parameter modification: reduce self-weight 400-500kg, and be able to have three person
seats in the cab.2).Carling of car frame adjusts to 300 x 90-8 single layer, and increases the strength of
material to 700MPa of high strength low carbon alloy steel. CNHTC ensures the car frame strength
when truck total weight is less than 75 ton during driving on the grade road.3) New model is front axle
with seven ton. 4). Front axle of 4 x 2, 6 x 4 tractors adopts structure of fewer spring pieces which has
the same strength and self-weight lower. For double axle 6 x 2 tractor, the first axle adopts few spring
pieces, and the second axle adopts air spring which self-weight is largely reduced. Rear axle suspension
of 6 x 4 tractor adopts new (model) suspension system which is developed by coordination with
American Henderson to reduce self-weight 450kg under the condition that ensuring the load capacity is
as same as multi spring pieces (produced in succession after March, 2009). More rear axle driving can be
chosen.
2. Heavy tractor is used for heavy duty working condition.
1). Carling of car frame is adjusted to 300 x 90-8+4. 2). New model is front axle with nine ton. 3).
Rear suspension adopts plate spring of dump truck and four U-belts. 4). Rear axle adopts wheel rim
reducer of cast of dump truck.
III. Long Carriage Truck of HOWO9500
Domestic transporter expects to support heavy truck with long carriage by manufacturer, and CNHTC
pays more attention to that, and produces truck with 9.5 meters long carriage configured with energetic
power system to realize your easy and high efficiency transportation and makes great benefits.
IV. Large Scale Increasing Transmission Capability of 09 Series HOWO Dump
Truck.
09 series dump truck lifts the height of water tank, centre cooler, engine and other relative parts, and
enlarge 3°of approach angle, which is larger scale increasing the vehicle transmission, and moves the
fuel preliminary filter from engine to the bracket of air filter, and adds protective bar to bottom case of
engine oil tank to let the vehicle transport easily the complex road conditions.
V. HOWO Special Transportation Truck for Dangerous Cargo (ADR)
So far, it is really Chinese first special heavy transportation truck for dangerous cargo, its technological
feature is meet the rules and laws of Chinese dangerous cargo transportation, even satisfy with the
requirements of ADR of Europe ECE R105 code. You need not purchase import truck to carry on
dangerous cargo transportation.
Main features: new design of general switch system of emergency power supply and trailer socket on
electrical system. Relay is controlled by weak current switch single to realize safe connection or cutting
power to prevent from causing electrical arc, spark. When emergency power cutting, ECU can realize
  

function of delay power cutting and not make electrical spark. Optimistically realize the safety
protection to human and society. All relative components adopt international famous brands.
VI. Engine Technological Feature of CNHTC 09 Heavy Truck.
1. High Pressure and Common Rail National III Engine
266PS, 290PS 336PS: rating rev speed adjusts from 2100 to 1900 revs; four valves adjusts to two valves;
standard configuration EVB (exhaust valve brake); highest torque increases from 1100NM，1170NM，
1350NM to 1190NM，1290NM，1490NM.
375PS rating rev speed adjusts from 2100 to 2000 revs; four valves; standard configuration EVB
(exhaust valve brake); highest torque adjusts from 1500NM to 1590NM.
All common rail engines support dual power switch, then the client can choose high or low power
driving due to vehicle loading conditions.
2. Electrical Control EGR National III Engine
Cooperating with RICARDO, DELPHI Company and using electrical control in-line pump plus cooled
electrical control EGR system to carry on technical research, CNHTC, took two years and after lots of
tests, has successively developed electrical control EGR engine. After larger scale products entering into
market in 2008, this vehicle has gained high praise and made great market response for its fuel economic,
oil adaptability, motility, reliability and maintenance facility.
3. Natural Gas Engine
CNG engine of WT615 series inherit the feature of structure compact of WD615, and its technologies of
fuel support system and initiation system all more advanced than the national same products due to its
ignition advance angle is more optimizing, more precisely controlling natural gar ejection and more
combustion efficiency. Lager torque rev speed has larger range, it can make the vehicle has great
features of starting, acceleration and slop creeping. Compared with the diesel engine with same power,
this engine has good fuel economic within the whole driving range which can great reduce the fuel cost
of vehicle driving.
4. High Pressure and Common Rail Engine of D12-12 Liter.
Entirely new design of D12 series engine of CNHTC is the most representative engine of heavy truck, its
power range is 340-460Ps.
CNHTC has researched and developed a series new technology, made a distinct differential results and
DR makes the vehicle full of energy when starting from low rev speed due to the high emission, larger
power. Meanwhile, the largest torque value of its wide rev speed range decides the perfect fuel economic
and driving feature of D12 engine.
Technological features: 1). Adopts new generation electrical control common rail fuel system of
electrical equipment company, and its jet atomizer more precise. 2). Improved DLC jetor by new
technology has more reliability and anti-fraction ability. 3). Silicon oil fan delicacy response to
temperature ensures engine rapidly to arrive constant temperature condition, and this perfectly combines
with common rail technology to produce rich effective oil saving result. 4). Technology of engine EVB
can offer 240 horsepower braking power which largely prolong the use life of brake and tyre. 5) Using
avalanche diode dynamotor to keep the quality of circuit and electrical control of complete vehicle arrive
a new level. 6). Complex material oil bottom case is lighter and stronger, and greatly reduces the engine
noise.
VII. Technological Upgrading of Engine Components
1. Engine quipped with EVB technology can get high brake result by pressing on the exhaust brake
when truck passes long slop or reduce speed at higher speed driving. EVB of CNHTC can offer 240
horsepower brake power, and greatly prolong the using life of brake and tyre through reducing the
application frequency of driving bake.
2. Application of Silicon Oil Fan
 

All common rail engine standard equipped with silicon oil fan, which has delicy response to temperature
and ensures the constant temperature condition that engine rapidly arrives.
3. Application of Dynamotor with Avalanche Diode
1) Built-in fan has better cooling result and can prevent from causing malfunction due to bad heat
dissipation.
2) Can restrain suddenly change of engine rev speed of complete vehicle or overvoltage of engine
caused by accidently load of complete vehicle. 3). Can control the impulse voltage, caused by
inductive load of electrical system of complete vehicle passing or cutting, within avalanche
voltage.
4) Promote the electromagnetic compatibility of engine and can better protect ECU and other
micro-electrical components of complete vehicle.
4. Adding Start-up Protection Function of ECU of Common Rail Engine.
In order to avoid starter engine damage caused by abnormal starting, National III diesel engine of
CNHTC adds function of starter protection.
VIII. AMT Gear-box.
SMARTSHIFT-AMT gear-box (model HW20716A).
AMT is standard configuration technology of international advanced heavy truck, and 50% of Europe
trucks are equipped with AMT gear-box. SMARTSHIFT-AMT gear-box of CNHTC make the Chinese
consumers to enjoy the international operation comfort of heavy truck, therefore promotes the Chinese
heavy truck technology to the world leading level, and leads Chinese heavy truck to enter into
automatically gear shift era.
SMARTSHIFT-AMT gear-box of CNHTC is 16-gear electrical control, automatical gear-box, which
likes a high skilled driver to operate a truck and has higher fuel utilization.
IX. Application of 10-gearbox Standard Configuration.
09 series standard 10-gear and over 10-gear boxes, configured with bigger torque and small speed rate
drive axle, organizes perfect dynamic platform of heavy truck. This gearbox has features of wide range
of speed rate, small graduation of speed rate, larger speed rate of first gear, and that makes the vehicle
have higher speed when it is in the best rev zone. Especially under conditions of complex road, long
term low speed and heavy load (mountain area or mine, etc), it has stronger power of heavy load starting,
slop creeping which shows its transcendence feature. Larger transmission rate and small graduation
effectively promotes the fuel economic.
X. 430 Pull-type Diaphragm Spring Clutch
All new diaphragm spring material and friction disk components are imported from Germany. Driven
disk torsional damper adopts design of larger torsional angle and small torsion rigidity, and disk hub
adopts advanced laser technique. After 30 million times life tests and strict road vehicle experiment,
working capability value of performance and quality of truck all arrives the international leading level.
(Diaphragm clutch of CNHTC is divided into 430A, 430B and 430C).
XI. Front Axle of 09 Series.
1. New technical front axle, adopted limit components and relative engineering software and
optimizing design, divided into two types: 7 ton and 9 ton.
—— New 7-ton front axle: it is latest researched and developed special axle for road use, and its load
is better than the national same type, and stability and steering operation is agility. Its self-weight
are reduced and reliability increased due to adopting new processing techniques.
—— New 9-ton front axle: it is a nationally kind of front axle with highest load. It has the same
self-weight of original front axle. After lots of experiments, its operation and reliability has
arrived the best situation.
  

You and CNHTC have the same confidence to it. New 7-ton and 9-ton front axle have standard
disk brake which also is unique applied technology of national heavy tractor, and have the same
configuration of latest heavy truck of Europe and America.
2. Disk Brake of CNHTC
Disk brake is a kind of stand configuration of internationally top heavy truck. Configuration of “front
disk and rear drum” can make the stability of vehicle brake arrive at the best level.
Compared with drum brake, disk brake has distinct strongpoint of higher speed, heavier load and higher
brake efficiency at high temperature, more braking stable and more comfortable, more convenient for
brake disk changing.
Disk brake of CNHTC is a patent which has independent intellectual property right and has structure
compact, lighter weight, automatically adjusting brake space, short brake distance and great brake
efficiency; effective reducing tyre explosion, meanwhile, output stability of brake torque and stable
braking which effective resolves phenomena of brake swing and brake partial. Its use life is longer than
the drum brake. Disk brake, researched and developed by CNHTC, promotes Chinese truck technology
to a further step.
3. Wide of Brake Shoe of Work Vehicle Increased from 185 to 220.
Safe driving, long use life and lower cost maintaining are stronger demanded to the brake by work
vehicle consumer, especially one whose vehicle is on the heavy load, worse road condition.. CNHTC has
made great contribution to promote brake technology innovation and complete vehicle safety by its wide
brake.
After optimizing design of brake drum and shoe and others, and under precondition of self-weight
control, the brake shoe is increased fro 185 to 220 to realize purposes of safe and stable brake, heat
dissipation, longer use life and lower transportation cost.
XII. Application of VDO and Electrical Control Module
Vehicle adopts CAN instrument, and all the instruments are controlled by CBCU through CAN which
has 3 wires of power supply, 4 wires of CAN. No other signal inputting, and reduces disadvantage
affection of outside factor to instrument.
CBCU adopts 32 digits processor, and has two groups of CAN of information and power, which has
entire protective function. When output interface is short, CBCU can automatically cut power output and
can not damage CBCU or relative insurance, and meanwhile relative fault will be displayed on the larger
orange backlight LED screen.
XIII. Optimization and Reification of Plate Spring and Absorber
Application of new structure damper changes the connected method of absorber, and makes the absorber
not be affected by pieces and thickness of plate spring. Using one journey, two damps can meet the
demanding of road vehicle and work vehicle. Reducing absorber types can not only convent for
producing organization and management, but also for maintain service.
XIV. Application of New V-rod.
New V-rod assembly make entire technological innovation, its ball pin assembly adopts structure
combined with elastics and centrifigure joint bearing. Due to adopting centrifigure joint bearing, swing
resistance of v-rod in vertical direction is reduced, and force bearing situation of elastics is improved.
Rear ball pin adopts centrifigure joint bearing structure, which increases its anti-friction ability and
anti-impact capability. Improved V-rod assembly prolongs the use life of V-rod, increase the horizontal
rigidity of V-rod, and reduce the horizontal moving of middle and rear axle to increase the reliability of
V-rod.
XV. Special Saddle of CNHTC
New design saddle connection device, and saddle is installed on the inner side of frame and suspension
can be reinforced by optional four U-boles.
 

Common saddle reduces 33mm height of complete vehicle, it adopts high steel single layer frame which
reduces 75mm high of frame. Reinforced saddle reduces 15mm high of complete vehicle, and increases
the driving safety of complete vehicle.
XVI. Systems of MANN-HUMMEL Fuel Filter and Plastic Air Filter
Standard configuration of 09 series HOWO truck is Germany Manu Hummel fuel filter and plastic air
filter which can greatly improve the efficiency of filtration and protect engine not be abrasion in the
early stage.

Chapter X HOWO-A7 General

In recent years, with the rapidly developing of national heavy truck technology, consumer demanding of
heavy truck becomes more and more higher. CNHTC carries on the ideas of maximizing the consumer
value all the time to make the owner has pleasure of value is larger than the cost. By using its own
technological strength, it has most advanced technology among national heavy truck. Based on the
enterprise principle of using human virtue to establish top products, using top products to contribute the
society, the company takes three years to try to develop heavy truck of HOWO-A7 series which has
features of totally new arrangement, beauty and practicality.
Style design of cab of heavy truck of HOWO-A7 series is assisted by Italy famous design company, its
figuration is fashion and majestic, and the space in the cab is wide and comfortable. Power system is
stronger, and drive system is entirely optimizing, its fuel economic is best. AMT makes operation more
comfortable. Front disk and rear drum and others respects are advanced in safe precaution. CNHTC,
entirely new research and develop diaphragm clutch and self-weight is lighter and load capacity is
stronger, stands on the top of national heavy truck.
The largest feature of this series truck is economic, comfortable, safe and reliable.
Oritation of HOWO-A7 series products aim to top heavy truck market of interaction and national.
During design and developing, in order to ensure win among the world competition, CNHTC
coordinates with international top supplier to design key parts together. According to international
design standard of key parts and combination with Chinese real character and association with scientific
research and developing to special configuration to walk a new road of international technology
cooperation. HOWO series products absorbs and adopts international top technologies and products of
Germany ZF steering engine and oil pump, WABCO double cylinder air compressor, complete vehicle
brake valve as well as jointed design of AMT, SartShift digital manual and automatic gear shift system,
Germany VOSS brake interface, MANN-HUMMEL fuel filter and plastic air filter systems, SABO
  

damper, BEHR cool system, VDO instrument plus control system, VDO audio system, WESTFALIA
exhaust bellows, HENDRICKSON plastic suspension and others; meanwhile, combination with many
years experience of heavy truck and precise recombination to market, CNHTC researches lots of perfect
assemblies which has independent intellectual property rights of Chinese heavy truck.
The Full Force of Heavy Truck Heart: Chinese Most Oil-saving Engine.

Newly designed D12 series engine of CNHTC is the most national representative heavy truck engine at
present, and its power range is 340-460Ps.
CNHTC researches and develops a series new technology and makes distinct differential results which
makes D12 engine has great operation. Larger displacement, and larger power makes the vehicle gains
dynamic from lower and idol speed; meanwhile, its wide rev range, makes complete vehicle gets
constant power value and largest torque rating which decides the great fuel economic and perfect driving
feature of D12 engine.
Fine manufacturing and assembling technique make the overhaul of engine is over 1,000,000 Km, which
effectively resolves the problem of high fault after sale among national other same vehicles.
In order to meet the consumer’s different demanding, CNHTC also produces D10 engine (270PS-380PS)
for HOWO-A7.D10 engine adopts supercharger middle settlement technology which is self innovation
and has feature of national first creation. Application of this technology makes intake and exhaust
systems cause realistic changing: intake is fluency and exhaust is brief, and the “lung” function of
vehicle is more distinct, and fuel economic has got great promotion.
D10 and D12 all meet national 3 emission standard, and have potential of national 4 and national 5
technologies.
Leading Technology to Create New Era of Chinese Heavy Truck Transmission
——Digital Gear Shift:SMARTSHIFT-AMT
SMARTSHIFT directly translates into clever gear shift. AMT is standard technology of world top heavy
truck, and 50% trucks in Europe are equipped with AMT. Due to CNHTC produced
SMARTSHIFT-AMT, Chinese consumers can enjoy the operation comfort of international top heavy
truck; meanwhile it promotes the Chinese heavy truck technology to the world leading level and leads
China (Asia) heavy truck enter into new era of automatical gear shift.
SMARTSHIFT gearbox of CNHTC is 16-gear electrical control and automatical gearbox, which likes a
high skilled driver to operate a truck, which has higher fuel utilization.
Working theory and structure of AMT is totally different from AT of saloon car, which hydraulic
pressure oil is driven by turbine and hydraulic pressure oil drive mechanic device. Efficiency waste of
oil drive is larger; therefore, 100 km is more 1-2 liter oil consumption than manual gearbox. AMT is
 

mechanic gearbox realizes automatically gear shift by electrical control. Its gear shift likes manual
gearbox, when separating clutch, it needs engine increasing speed or transmission braking. After the
same time engagement, it will shift the most suitable gear and save 3%-5% fuel compared with manual
gearbox.

It is suitable for differential working conditions. If use SMARTSHIFT of CNHTC, the driver can pay
more attention to driving and around transport conditions and make response on time. It helps the new
driver to become an expert driver. The driver can still shift gear manually. Shift to the manual model and
choose the suitable gear by control knob. Vehicle with SMARTSHIFT has not clutch pedal, its gear shift
is totally automatic.
Highest reliability. All the AMT hardwires are many years’ application and mature technology among
the heavy truck industries.
Front and Rear Axles with Rich Technological Features

New technical front axle, adopted limit components and relative engineering software and optimizing
design, divided into two types: 7 ton and 9 ton.
—— New 7-ton front axle: it is latest researched and developed special axle for road use, and its load
is better than the national same type, and stability and steering operation is agility. Its self-weight
are reduced and reliability increased due to adopting new processing techniques.
—— New 9-ton front axle: it is a nationally kind of front axle with highest load. It has the same
self-weight of original front axle. After lots of experiments, its operation and reliability has
arrived the best situation.
New 7-ton and 9-ton front axle have standard disk brake which also is unique applied technology of
national heavy tractor, and have the same configuration of latest heavy truck of Europe and America.
Mature and reliable drive axle. Single and double axles of HW12, 16 series are single-reduction axle
which is developed by CNHTC and mostly closed to the world strongest and largest level. After
continuously technological promotion for several years, the technology of middle and rear axles
  

becomes mature and wears well. Speed rate of HW16 is 3.73, 4.22 and speed rate of HW12 is 3.91,
4.875 and 5.833.
Wheel edge reduce axle of HC16 and ST16: cast axle case of HC16 is used for work vehicle and its
speed rate is 4.42, 4.8 and 5.73. Pressing axle case is used for road vehicle, and its speed rate is 3.93,
4.42, 4.8, 5.11 and 5.73.
Configuration Parts of Complete Vehicle with Predominant Feature

Disk brake is first applied on national heavy truck. Disk brake is a kind of stand configuration of
internationally top heavy truck. Compared with drum brake, disk brake has distinct strongpoint of higher
speed, heavier load and higher brake efficiency at high temperature, more braking stable and more
comfortable, more convenient for brake disk changing.
Disk brake of CNHTC is a patent which has independent intellectual property right and has structure
compact, lighter weight, automatically adjusting brake space, short brake distance and great brake
efficiency; effective reducing tyre explosion, meanwhile, output stability of brake torque and stable
braking which effective resolves phenomena of brake swing and brake partial. Its use life is longer than
the drum brake. Disk brake, researched and developed by CNHTC, promotes Chinese truck technology
to a further step.
Pull-type diaphragm spring clutch: All new diaphragm spring material and friction disk components are
firstly imported from Germany in China. Driven disk torsional damper adopts design of larger torsional
angle and small torsion rigidity, and disk hub adopts advanced laser technique. After 30 million times
life tests and strict road vehicle experiment, working capability value of performance and quality of
truck all arrives the international leading level.
Outside of Cab
 

Primer and surface lacquer are spayed on the latest oil painter line which developed independently by
CNHTC. Advanced equipment and high quality oil paint makes the life, clean, bright and anti-causticity
and adhesion and others of painting surface of complete vehicle has arrived or passed international
levels.

The front part of vehicle is elegance and majestic, and its wide and big windshield gave you great view.
Its integrated rear view mirror, master rear view mirror and wide angle rear view mirror have functions
of electrical adjustment and electrical heating. Its drag coefficient is reduced to 0.57 and this reduces oil
consumption of vehicle to arrive the world leading level.

It adopts new design combination front light assembly which integrated with high-beam light, low-beam
light, position light, assist high-beam light, fog light to an entirty which saves the installation space.
Lighting devices are arranged in differential positions, and new style and brief view affection offer a
better obverse and sight at night. Dimming of front light and bulb changing are carried out in the back of
master light. Dimming device adopts rod-linkage design which makes dimming more convenience and
correct.

Side streamline style gives a feeling of floating movement. Air intake channel well integrates with
disturbed flow board.

Ignition light, door lock and oil tank lock integrated into one lock

Standard oil tank is 400 liter aluminum alloy tank, and consumer can also choose 600 liter aluminum
alloy super larger tank. High strength and light material of single side 600 liter super larger oil tank (with
integration pedal) is new standard of world heavy truck in recent years. The standard configuration has
super capacity of A7 for continuously cruise over 1500 km.

Interior of Cab.

Warm color inner decoration makes cab inner environment more cozy and comfortable. Entire encircling
instrumental panel arranges all the operation buttons rationally and easily touch.
  

High Level Standard Configuration

Cab of vehicle has five styles of high floor (that is bottom of engine cover) and top, high extension floor,
low floor and high top, low extension floor, low floor, which equipped with air suspension with four air
bags, they perfectly satisfies the consumer’s comfortable demanding of working condition. Its
international top level of bump safety is unique equipment that other national truck are can not
configured.
 

It has electrical door and wind, rear view mirror, heating and three-in-one lock. It also has international
top brand air conditioner, warm wind system, side sun visor, electrical reversal device, adjustable large
angle steering wheel, wide space of article reserving, cigar lighter, cup holder, outside interface of power
supply and others, which brings consumer a kind of feeling of saloon car.

Luxury air suspension seat for driver has electrical heating device, safe belt, armrest, which gives the
driver a feeling of warm home.
Several larger reversing spaces can easily and comfortably be used.
Wide inner space: there is 17cm between cab engine cover with high floor and the bottom floor of cab,
and this height is equal to human stature and can easily passing.
Seats are divided into two kinds of luxury and basic one. Firm seat can be adjusted from front to back
and mutil-angle. Luxury seat has air bumper and heating cushion, its backrest has waist supporting and
side supporting, and seat armrest.
It has CD with USB interface, which chosen product of international famous brand of SIEMENS-VDO,
and its audio result is great.
Cool and warm wind are directly led to the doors of two-side, it makes defog and defrost are more
quickness and higher efficiency.
Pedal-style lock steering wheel can be carried out adjustment of all heights and angles according to
driver’s operation habit and stature.
  

New mutil-functional steering wheel is equipped with electrical adjustable button to control audio
system and GSM phone.
Integrative design of electrical control and automatical air conditioner with warn wind air conditioner is
unique. National first creation and unique designed warm wind system has best air cycling function,
which can effective dedust and eradicate odor, and in the totally closed cab it can keep air clean. Cool
and warm wind are directly led to the doors of two-side, it makes defog and defrost are more quickness
and higher efficiency.

High and low berths can make two person rested at the same time. Low berth can be divided into two
seats and one small diner table which create an environment of family life. High berth has unique style,
widened berth with withdrawn ladder at its bottom.
 

Instrument panel can show vehicle working condition by high bright LED. Indicator light has totally 34,
which makes instrument illumination and working indication more brightness and nakedness. Master
line communication adopts double CAN technology, and two independent CAN interface can directly
read digital master line information and directly input sensor signal.
Junction Box of Center Electrics.

Car Frame Assembly

  

Car frame carling of A7 adopts new high strength material of generation changing, which tensile
strength is over 700MPa. Single layer carling, 300x90x8, 90mm wing surface width makes the vehicle
gaining more strength of bending and torsion resistance. Its chassis is more stable, and load capacity is
better than the original car frame and reduces about 100kg of the self-weight of complete vehicle.
Electrical lifting system of cab can reduce the driver’s labor and easily maintain vehicle.
Mutil-directional safety.
Positive and negative safety systems can nip accident in the bud.
● Cab, designed by application of the new result of human-machine engineering, has comfortable
environment which can makes driver full of energy.
● Wide front windshield and combination rear view mirror and eliminate blind area, and bring best
sight.
● High berth equipped with protective safe new.
● Entirely adopts latest new technology of WABCO ABS, based on meet European Code, it adds
ASR + EBL + TPM, which ensures the vehicle safety in largest area. ASR avoids vehicle
skipping; EBL ensures best distribution of brake power; TPM can detect changing condition of
tyre air pressure at any time.
● Adopt LED rear taillight, which great bright and long use life as well as low fault makes more
safe driving at night.
● Entire newly brake technology of engine EVB can effective control vehicle speed, enlarge brake
power of complete vehicle, reduce application frequency of brake, lighten wears of driving brake
and tyre. Use life of complete vehicle and driving safety increasing can make the driver more
reassurance.
● Entirely adopt brake method of front disk and rear drum, which effective shortens brake distance
and ensures driving safety.
● Standard tier without inner tube has lots of strongpoint of light self-weight, better balance, low
heating, wear resistance, safety and others, and due to low rolling resistance, it can save 5% oil
consumption.
There are two series five kings of cab of HOWO-A7 can be chosen by consumer:
Low floor series include low floor standard cab, low floor extension cab and low floor and high top cab.
High floor series include high floor and top cab, high floor extension cab.
Heavy duty truck of HOWO-A7, which has over 130 patent technologies, displays the top leader spirits
of Chinese heavy truck by its luxury imagine, rich character and majestic vigor.
 

Appendix：

Compiling Rule of Automobile Model

Digits from heavy truck standard QZZ 00020-2008

Bulletin automobile model

Bulletin basic model.  Enterpriser defined symbol Inner control automobile model 
Symbol of enterprise name

Symbol of vehicle type

Main parameter symbol.

Brand symbol
Symbol of bulletin engine power

Axle distance

Symbol of drive method

Symbol of vehicle type
Symbol of engine emission

Symbol of cab short or long feature

Using version.
feature
Symbol of bulletin others important

Symbol of inner control engine power

Symbol of emission realizing method

Symbol of engine displacement

Symbol of bulletin other important feature

Symbol of cab feature of cargo vehicle
Vehicle model meaning: CNHTC-lighten tractor-total weight 25 ton-HOWO brand-380
horsepower-3.2 meters axle distance-drive method:6 x 4 –HOWO series national three
emission (common rail)-high top cab-12L engine. Air suspension-cross province (remark: this
symbol is temporary one). 

Using versions include series of B (cross province), Z (container), H (area)

Consideration of what’s the meaning of vehicle model: ZZ3317M4267C2/L1BA
Answer: CNHTC-dump truck-total weight 31 ton-HOWO brand-266 horsepower-4.2 meter axle distance-drive method
8X4-HOWO series national three emission (EGR)-standard cab-10L engine.
  

QZZ 00020-2008 Standard (New Standard published on June 15, 2008, and brings into effect on July 1, 2008) (instead of QZZ 00020-2006).
Compiling of automobile includes cargo truck and semi-trailer tractor,
Symbol of brand and series
and bulletin automobile model commonly is 13 or 14 digits. (in special It is used to distinguish feature of enterprise product, and used one Arabia number to express, see the first and second line. N07 series follow HOWO brand.  
condition is 13 digits), among them, 口 expresses number and O
Series Symbol
expresses word. Brand 0 Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4 Series 5 Series 6 Series 7 Series 8 Series 9 Series  
I. Composing of Automobile Model (inner control automobile model) Symbol
(Standby)
Automobile Model  Automobile Model: 

Symbol of main parameter

Main parameter symbol of all kinds of automobile and Gold Prince Truck* Gold Prince Truck 
Inner Control

semi-trailer are expressed by two digit Arabia number according Sitaier Sitaier Truck* Passenger Car Series  
Sitaier Truck
to specification of GB/T9417. a). main parameter symbol of Brand
HOWO Truck* Sitaier King Truck
cargo truck, cross-country vehicle, semi-trailer truck, special
truck and semi-trailer all expressed by its total weights (t), and Sitaier King Truck*
total weight of semi-trailer truck includes the largest weight on Huanghe HOVA Truck
Passenger Car Huanghe Diamond Huanghe
the tractor seat. When main parameter is not enough meet the Brand Series General Truck Series Commander
specification of digits, put zero in front of main parameter. b).
Number modification of main parameter is carried out by HOWO Brand HOLO 7 Truck N07 Series Vehicle Model HOLO 7 Truck* HOLO 8 Truck *(Hino engine)
specification of GB/T8170.  Haoyun Truck*
Haojun Brand
Bulletin

Notice 1: this table comprehensively considers new and old products. Symbol of brand series with asterisk in the table is brand series symbol designed for use after this standard execution
(except passenger car).
Notice 2: from the date of this standard brings into effect, Huanghe brand symbol only adopts one symbol 4.

Enterprise Name Symbol: “ZZ” is the

linkage of first word (capital) of Chinese
phonetic zhongzhong of short of CNHTC.
According to GB/T9417 specification, it
occupies two digits. 
Symbol of engine Symbol of long or Short Cab
emission is met Feature
Symbol of Bulletin Engine Power Interval (p) with national According to requirements of
It is power zone of defined equipment engine when declaring national automobile bulletin, and it specified one abovementioned bulletin, the long
is expressed by a capital word.  emission value of or short of can needs to be
  automobile engine, distinguished, and its symbol is as
symbol

symbol

Power interval Power interval

Power

Power

Symbol of Drive Model: its symbol is as following:

Vehicle Model It is used to descript drive following: 1- Long Cab;
Symbol: model of vehicle (that is A- National Two 2- Short Cab;
According to GB/T relation between total wheels Emission; 3- Four-door Cab. 
specification, it of vehicle and drive gear B- National Three
Symbol of
shall be expressed number), and is expressed by Emission;
Axle distance: it is vehicle model
by one Arabia one Arabia number or one C- National Four
longest distance series is a kind of
number: capital English word (except Emission;
between two axles’ vehicle model
1. Common cargo word of O, I and Z).  D- National Five
centre lines of series derived
truck. vehicle axle when from a certain Emission;
2. Cross-county automobile design, automobile E- National Six
cargo truck. it is also a practical brand, and is Emission.
3. Dump truck value after expressed by one  
4. Semi-trailer maintain element Arabia number. It
tractor meter, and used composes a
5. Special truck two digits Arabia detailed feature
6. Passenger car Notice: Original power (PS) symbol of Sitaier is expressed by one digit Arabia number or
capital English word, and listed enlarger power (PS) here only for reference. 0-400; 1-450; number to express. of a certain
7. Saloon Car vehicle model
9. Semi-trailer and 2-310/336; 3-410/420; 4-240; 5-210/220; 6-250/266; 7-280/290; 9-360/371; G-180.   （Dural front axle together with
special turning） 
brand symbol.
semi-trailer See symbols of
tractor.  （Middle movement brand and series.
following turning）
 

Symbol of emission realizing method is adopted method of realizing Symbol of Cab Feature of Cargo Truck is Symbol of engine displacement will consider the I. Model Composing of Automobile
automobile national specified emission, and is expressed by one Arabia used for description of cargo truck Symbol of Inner Control
number. differential displacement of engine, and if power is Automobile (including cargo truck, semi-trailer tractor)
different height, floor and other feature, Other Feature is expressed model is divided into two expression methods: national
For National Three Emission different, it shall adopt specification of composing
and expressed by one Arabia number, by one capital word. If there bulletin (brief in short is bulletin) automobile model and
Emission realizing method O is adopted by diesel engine or gas engine number in the complete vehicle list, and is expressed
shown as following: is not inner control other enterprise inner managing (brief in short inner control)
(national two emission). by one number or word. For less than 10 liter
B—Low floor standard cab feature, this digit shall be automobile model.
Emission realizing method 1 is adopted by special engine (national three displacements, it is expressed by practical
omitted. Symbol of bulletin automobile model includes symbol of
emission). W—Low floor extension cab displacement (round method), and for equal or more
Emission realizing method 2 is adopted by electrical control, high pressure J-Military Vehicle enterprise name, symbol of vehicle type, symbol of main
V—Low floor and high top cab than 10 liter displacements engine, it is expressed by
and common rail engine (national three emission) R- Right side Steering parameter, symbol of brand, symbol of bulletin engine
F—Low floor and semi-high cab capital English word and is increased progressively
Emission realizing method 3 is single pump (national three emission) Wheel power interval, axle distance, symbol of drive model,
S～Low floor and four-door cab in proper sequence, such as:
Emission realizing method 4 is adopted by pump ejector (national three G-Rubber suspension symbol of vehicle model series, symbol of engine emission,
7-7L engine
emission) A—High floor extension cab Q- Lightening Vehicle
A-10L engine symbol of cab long or short feature, symbol of bulletin
Emission realizing method 9 is adopted by gas engine (national three G—High floor and high top cab Model (including lightening
B-11L engine other important feature, totally 13 or 14 digits characters.
emission) rubber suspension) 
J～Single side cab. C-12L engine Inner control automobile model is added separate sign (“/”)
For National Four Emission
Emission realizing method 5 is adopted by common rail EGR+DPF D-13L engine in the back of bulletin automobile model, and includes
(national four emission) E-14L engine symbol of inner control engine power interval, symbol of
Emission realizing method 6 is adopted by common rail SCR (national four F-15L engine emission realizing method, symbol of cargo truck cab type
emission) G-16L engine feature, symbol of engine displacement, symbol of inner
Emission realizing method 7 is adopted by single pump (national four H-17L engine control other feature, totally 17 or 19 characters. Structure
emission) J-18L engine  formation of automobile model is shown as the following
Emission realizing method 8 is adopted by single (national four emission) figure, and among them, 口 expresses number and O
expresses word.
II. Composing of Special Automobile Model
Special automobile model is added three digits symbol of
special automobile type between symbol of brand series
and symbol of bulletin engine power interval based on
abovementioned automobile model. Its result formation is
shown as following figure.

Inner control engine power interval is detailed of symbol of bulletin engine power interval, its purpose is convent for interior distinct management, and
Symbol of bulletin other important feature mainly is
is expressed by one capital word. It follows the symbol of engine power interval once used by CNHTC. 
designed for further detailed expression the
important feature of vehicle, and is expressed by a Symbol of Symbol of Power interval Symbol of Symbol of Power interval
capital word. If one certain vehicle has not bulletin bulletin inner control bulletin inner control
other important feature, this symbol is omitted. power power power power
C- Gas (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas) engine
E- Air suspension of four-door cab
K- Air suspension
L- Maintaining vehicle model of special reason
N- Complete vehicle of mine forklift trunk.
S- Side dump truck
Z- Container semi-trailer tractor
 

Notice 1: it must fill symbol of inner control engine power.

Notice 2: symbol of bulletin engine power interval in the table listed here only for reference.
Notice 3: Original power (PS) symbol of Sitaier is expressed by one digit Arabia number or capital English word, and listed enlarger power (PS) here
only for reference. 0-400; 1-450; 2-310/336; 3-410/420; 4-240; 5-210/220; 6-260/266; 7-270/290; 8-320; 9-360/371; G-180