KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering (2021) 25(1):185-196 pISSN 1226-7988, eISSN 1976-3808

DOI 10.1007/s12205-020-0069-3 www.springer.com/12205

Structural Engineering

Mechanical Characteristic Analysis of Corrugated Steel Webs

Using Asynchronous Construction Technology
a a a
Da Wang , Lei Wang , and Cheng Tang
a
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114 China

ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT

Received 13 January 2020 For application and populization of the corrugated steel web prestressed concrete (PC)
Revised 19 July 2020 composite box-girder bridge, a new asynchronous cantilever construction method was
Accepted 6 September 2020 proposed to reflect the social and economic benefits of this type bridge in short term. In this
Published Online 11 November 2020 paper, comparisons of the construction process and economic indexes between the traditional
hanging basket cantilever construction method and the asynchronous cantilever method.
KEYWORDS Combination of the large finite element program ANSYS, a fine finite element model of the
studied bridge was built, some analysis of the bridge structure were conducted for the whole
Bridge engineering process of construction, the calculation results were compared with the field testing data by
PC composite box girder the real-time monitored stress and displacement. The results indicated that the process of
Corrugated steel web asynchronous cantilever construction method is simple and clear, the construction period is
Finite element method short and the economic indicator is high. This proposed asynchronous cantilever construction
Stress
method is far superior to the traditional hanging basket cantilever construction method. The
deformation and stress of structure were varied in a reasonable and safety range during the
construction for the proposed method. The structural stress distribution of the proposed
method is more reasonable than that of the traditional hanging basket cantilever construction
method.

1. Introduction 2020) In PC bridges with corrugated steel webs, light corrugatedsteel

webs replace heavy concrete webs and thus greatly reduce the
Steel–concrete composite bridges have become popular because dead weight of structures and improve prestressed efficiency. In
of their advantages brought about by the desirable properties of addition, project volume and construction period are greatly
steel and concrete. In particular, prestressed concrete (PC) reduced, and the project investment is maximized (Metwally and
bridges with corrugated steelwebs have emerged as promising Loov, 2003). Compared with the traditional continuous rigid
bridge forms. This structural form provides excellent structural structureor continuous beam, this bridge type has good seismic
efficiency, with concrete flanges primarily taking bending and performance due to its light weight. Evidently, this bridge carries
with corrugated steel webs taking shear. This type of bridge has good social and economic value and exhibits favorable mechanical
some remarkable advantages, such as lightweight steel webs, and engineering properties. After nearly 10 years of rapid
efficient prestressing on concrete, high shear buckling strength of development, PC composite box girder bridges with corrugated
steel webs, high ductility, and easy maintenance. In 1986, the steel webs have become one of the most competitive bridges at
first bridge of this type, the Cognac Bridge, was built in France home and abroad, especially in terms of design andconstruction; in
(Ahmed, 2001). Its successful application and significant advantages Japan, the technology for designing and constructing this bridge
over conventional PC bridges have prompted substantial research type is relatively mature (Luo and Edlund, 1996). In recent years,
work and motivated some construction companies to adopt this PC composite box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs have
new composite structure in various countries, including China, also shown a good development trend in China. Completed or
Germany, Japan, and the USA (Yuan et al., 2018; Jiang et al., ongoing construction projects include the Chuhe Bridge,

CORRESPONDENCE Lei Wang wl19950623@yeah.net College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114,
China
ⓒ 2021 Korean Society of Civil Engineers
186 D. Wang et al.

Juancheng Yellow River Bridge, and Cedar Bridge (Yi et al., 2008; 2. Project Introduction
Feng et al., 2020).
At present, the research on PC composite box girder bridges The Toudao River Bridge is located in the southwest border of
with corrugated steel webs at home and abroad mainly focused Sichuan province and is one of the key works of the Syrian
on the optimization of structures’ buckling strength (Moon et al., highway, which spans the tributary canal of the gully river. The
2009), shear connectors (Eldib, 2009; Ren and Wan, 2011; Nie et Toudao River Bridge has a long-span continuous rigid frame.
al., 2013; Qiao, 2013; Bos et al., 2016), dynamic characteristics The upper section of the continuous rigid frame bridge is
(Górecki and Pieńko, 2017), and design (Branco and Green, composed of corrugated steel webs with a main span of 130 m
1985). The research results promote the promotion of the bridge and two side spans of 72 m. A single box girder has a framing-
type. Existing studies also focused on stress, as well as structural type single room section measuring 12 m wide and a roof floor
and mechanical characteristics. However, no report has presented measuring 7 m wide. The height of the girder is 3.0 m, the height
any innovation in the construction of PC composite box girder of the root beam is 7.5 m, and the base plate is 110 cm thick (Fig. 1).
bridges with corrugated steel webs. At present, PC composite The corrugated steel web plate for Q355NHC has a wavelength
box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs are often built with of 1.6 m, wave height of 0.22 m, thick steel plate of 14 mm to 24
traditional construction methods, such as the full framing method,
cantilever construction method, and pushing method. In many
completed box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs at home
and abroad, the traditional basket cantilever construction method
was widely used (He et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2013; Tong et al.,
2019). Although the traditional hanging basket construction method
entails a safe speed range and simple construction, it also has
some limitations. For example, the traditional hanging basket
structure seriously interferes with the corrugated steel web plates
for hoisting installation, poses great harm to construction safety,
greatly reduces construction efficiency, and extends the construction Fig. 1. Arrangement of Bridge (units: m)
period. Climate conditions also severely restrict the application
of the traditional hanging basket method to bridge construction.
Therefore, a new type of asynchronous pouring method of
construction is proposed in the current work. Under this method,
the corrugated steel web is stiffened and supported by a construction
platform to greatly reduce the self-weight of the construction
equipment, the surface of the construction area of the construction
equipment, and the problem arising from the use of the traditional
hanging basket cantilever casting technology. The method can be
further popularized and applied to PC composite box girder
bridges with corrugated steel webs and provide good technical
support.
The new construction method of asynchronous pouring is
remarkably different from traditional construction methods as it
directly affects structural stress. The new pouring construction
method does not have many research bases for reference. The stress,
deformation, and safety of structures in the construction process
urgently require comprehensive research. The internal force
distributions of structures must also be further clarified. Therefore,
the present study considers an actual structural engineering bridge as
the research object and establishes a refined finite element Fig. 2. Segment of Corrugated Steel Web Plate
calculation model based on the large-scale finite element program
ANSYS. It also tracks and monitors the stress and deformation data
in the entire construction process and investigates a PC composite
box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs constructed using the
new asynchronous pouring method to provide a useful reference
for subsequent research and application.

Fig. 3. Unit of Wavelength Structure Diagram (units: mm)

 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 187

Fig. 5. Traditional Hanging Basket Construction Method

Fig. 4. Cross Section Diagram of Main Girder (units: cm): (a) Schematic
Diagram of End Section of Main Bridge, (b) Mid-Span Section
of Main Bridge 2.3 Construction Procedure
The cantilever casting of a long-span bridge superstructure involves
many construction components and complicated procedures. In
mm, horizontal folding angle of 30.7°, and bending diameter R general, the length of a suspended casting beam of a long-span
of 15t (where (t) is the thickness of the corrugated steel web bridge is more than 3.5 m, and the strength and elastic modulus
plate) (Figs. 2 – 3). of the concrete must be regularly calculated. After all indicators
satisfy the expected requirements, subsequent tensioning can be
2.1 Traditional Construction Method carried out.
The most basic construction method for PC box girders with
corrugated steel webs is the hanging basket method. 2.3.1 Forward Movement of Hanging Basket

2.1.1 Traditional Hanging Basket Production Process

The traditional hanging basket is mainly classified into the
following:
1. Button basket system
2. Formwork system
3. Lifting system
4. Walking and anchoring system
5. Main girder bearing system.
The main structure of the hanging basket is built in a
processing workshop. In the process, installation is made easy by
establishing templates for various nodes or bolt holes of the
hanging basket. These templates help ensure good accuracy and
facilitate the inspection of the various processing phases of the
hanging basket.

2.2 Hanging Basket Assembly

When the basket’s structural members are transported into the
construction site, cranes should be used to lift the top of the
poured beam section. The top surface of block 0 is assembled,
and the tank pressurization method is adopted for prepressing
treatment after the completion of the assembly to ensure the
rigidity of the hanging basket. Strength and stability shall be
prestressed in the hanging basket to effectively avoid deformation.
After the completion of the concrete pouring and prestressed
stretching of each section of the girder, the hanging basket is
moved along the section of the walking rail for construction until
the casting of the beam end is completed. The construction
method is shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 6. Flowchart of Traditional Hanging Basket Construction

188 D. Wang et al.

After completing the cantilever pouring of the beam section, effectively applied to the concrete flange plates. The top and
some lifting points are released appropriately to ensure that the bottom concrete flanges are not limited by each other or by creep
formwork position is separated from the beam body position. and shrinkage.
Then, the position of the rear anchor point is processed by means The PC box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs greatly
of anchorage conversion. The support force of the trolley is reduces the self-weight of the superstructure (Feng et al., 2020)
transferred to the slide position, and then the basket position is the use of concrete and prestressed steel, the amount of steel
transferred to the next beam section by pulling the hoist by hand. reinforcement, and the amount of engineering of the substructure.
The stress distribution in the steel webs presents an approximately
2.3.2 Reinforcement and Tunnel Mounting uniform pattern instead of the traditional triangular pattern
Reinforcement and tunnel installation, concrete pouring, concrete because of the use of favorable materials. In the construction
curing, and prestressing are all key links. Thus, the construction process of a PC box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs, the
should be carried out in strict accordance with relevant technical use of formworks, brackets, and concrete pouring can be limited,
specifications to improve the construction quality of the project. and the cumbersome process of embedding pipes in the concrete
Anchoring is a necessary component of the construction of a webs can be avoided. Corrugated steel webs can be obtained
large cross-section bridge. Before casting the anchoring concrete, from factory production or on-site assembly construction. The
the concrete on the section of the anchoring body should be characteristics of corrugated steel webs enable them to bear the
cleaned to ensure that the anchoring and beam concrete can be construction basket and guide the beam and other load-bearing
combined. Before sealing the anchor, the workers must use a components. As steel webs can be used as a construction force
liquid rust inhibitor to remove rust and other substances in the component, we hereby put forward a new kind of construction
anchor head and then brush waterproofing material. The specific method.
construction method is shown in the following figure.
The Toudao River Bridge supported by corrugated steel web 3. Asynchronous Pouring Construction Method
plates is composed of corrugated web and flange plates on top
and at the bottom. The flange plates are parallel or are installed a 3.1 Process Flow
certain angle, and the corrugated web plates are perpendicular to At the current construction stage, the structure mainly includes
the top flange plate and bottom flange plate. The top and bottom the following:
flange plate has a one-sided fillet weld or double-sided fillet 1. Asynchronous pouring construction platform.
weld. As the corrugated webs are used to replace the original 2. The base plate of the current construction segment (section n).
concrete webs, the longitudinal stiffness of the corrugated steel 3. The waveform steel web of the current construction segment
webs is small, and the axial stress is mainly borne by the upper (section n).
roof and bottom floor. Therefore, the corrugated webs are 4. The roof of (section n-1) completed in the previous
unaffected by the axial force, and the longitudinal prestressed construction stage.
bars are configured on the concrete roof and floor to resist the 5. The corrugated steel web plate completed in the construction
load and self-weight in the construction. Prestress can be phase (section n-1).

Fig. 7. Arrangement of Structural Segment

 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 189

the lifting plate of the top platform, trolley of the sliding beam,
hanger, sliding beam, and formwork bracket. At the same time,
one bar top plate reinforcement is bound, and the concrete is
poured.
As shown in Fig. 10, at the completion of the installation of
BXG -13, the lifting range of the tower crane (50 m) is exceeded,
and the special crane on the hanging basket is used to install the
wave web plate of the following section, the installation of which
is the same as that for sections 1 to 9. The top and bottom slab
concrete is poured, bundled, and subjected to tension and
grouting until bridge deck closure.
For the PC combined box girder bridge with wave-shaped
steel webs, when the hanging basket is installed, the corrugated
steel web, mound, the reinforcement of the top and bottom plate
bars are installed in the work surface of section n. The working
surface is restricted, the number cross operation is numerous, and
the cycle length is long. Compared with the traditional hanging
basket, the asynchronous pouring method adopted for construction
expands the operating area from the original single section work
surface to sections n-1, n, and n+1 of the work surface; section n-
1 of the roof construction, section n of the floor construction, and
section n+1 of the corrugated steel web. Moreover, the flow
construction of the three work surfaces greatly improves the
construction efficiency and shortens the construction period.

3.3 Economic Analysis

Fig. 8. Construction Process of Segment In the traditional hanging basket construction, the weight of the
construction is heavy at approximately 100 T, the weight of the
equipment is large, the construction phase affects the bridge, and
6. Current construction section of the next (section n+1) the process is expensive. The asynchronous casting method is
segments of the corrugated steel web plate. mainly based on the corrugated steel web plate strength of the
The Toudao River Bridge is the first PC composite box girder installed set casting construction platform. Its structure is simple,
bridge with corrugated steel webs to adopt the asynchronous clear, and easy to control, and the operation is convenient.
cantilever casting construction in China. Its basic construction Table 1 show that the method of asynchronous construction is
process is as follows. approximately 34.5% of the weight of the traditional hang of the
cantilever, and the steel structure is approximately 52.6% of the
3.2 Construction Flow for the Hanging Basket latter. Moreover, the cost of the equipment for the bridge is 40%
The main pier tower crane is used to lift the corrugated steel web of the latter, and the direct savings is approximately 2.7 million.
in sections 1 through 9 because the lifting range of the main pier Meanwhile, due to the increase in the work surface of the
tower is only 50 M. The installation of the wave web is carried platform, the efficiency of the personnel and mechanical equipment
out after section 9 using the hanging basket crane. can be improved, and the construction cycle of each section can
As shown in Fig. 9, the asynchronous hanging basket be reduced by 33.3%, thereby greatly speeding up the construction
construction method proceeds as follows: the steel bars of block schedule and providing great advantages for the composite box
0 are installed, the waveform steel web of the o-number block is girder bridge with corrugated steel webs in terms of the duration
embedded at the same time, the temporary support is installed of construction. In addition, the construction platform of the
while placing block 0, the main pier tower is used to hoist the hanging basket in the asynchronous pouring method is not
BXG-2 and BXG-3 wave-shaped steel webs, and the temporary overturned, thereby enhancing the stability of the construction
support is installed. Then, the hanging basket’s bottom platform equipment.
is installed, the bottom plate mold is supported, the steel bar of Evidently, the new asynchronous pouring construction method
the bottom plate of block 1 is bound, and the concrete of the has a simple structure, convenient construction, low investment,
bottom plate of block 1 is poured. Bxg-4 corrugated steel webs and high construction efficiency in the corresponding construction
are installed at the same time when the concrete of the bottom time. However, in the construction process of this method, the
plate of block 1 is poured. Temporary supports are also installed; corrugated steel webs are the main load-bearing members of
the hanging basket is moved 4.8 m forward to section 2 to install the construction load and the concrete wet weight before the
190 D. Wang et al.

Fig. 9. Hanging Basket Installation: (a) Pre-Buried Corrugated Steel Abdominal Plate of Block 0, (b) Installation of BXG-2 and BXG-3 Corrugated
Steel Webs
 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 191

Fig. 9. (continued): (c) Installation of Hanging Basket, (d) Hanging Basket Moving Forward
192 D. Wang et al.

Fig. 10. Construction Process after Section 9: (a) Installation of Hanging Basket Crane, (b) Installation of Basket Crane with BXG -14 Corrugated Steel
Webs

Table 1. Comparison of Different Construction Methods

Installation weight Steel consumption Cost Segmental cycle Expected time
Construction methods
(t) (t) (Ten thousand Yuan) (d) (d)
Traditional method 145 95 450 9 120
Asynchronous method 50 50 180 6 80

structure with the travel stability of the upper and lower floor. 4. Structural Force Analysis
Given the application of the method to the construction
process, including the construction load and the main load- 4.1 Finite Element Model
bearing building of concrete, the main weight of the construction The large-scale finite element analysis software ANSYS was
process and the performance of the bridge in the construction used to establish the basic finite element model shown in Fig. 10.
process are investigated using finite element analysis and The model was composed of 2897 nodes and 4535 units. The
field monitoring. concrete adopted the tetrahedral solid element solid92, and the
corrugated steel web adopted the shell element shell63. The
 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 193

Fig. 11. Finite Element Model: (a) Finite Element Model of Structure in the Construction Phase, (b) Local Model of Corrugated Steel Web

Fig. 12. Distribution Stress of Segment Structural: (a) Structural Stress, (b) Structural Stress Concentration Diagram

prestress in the model was dealt with through the equivalent

method. The flange plate on the corrugated steel web was
connected to the concrete by shear nails (combin14 spring unit)
to eliminate the stress concentration on the concrete at the end.
The remaining components of the flange plate were coupled with
the concrete at the top and bottom plates of the interface. The
fixed end is simulated by constraining the joints of steel webs
and floor concrete, and the transverse degrees of freedom of the
joints on both sides of the concrete floor section are constrained.

Fig. 13. Shear Stress Distribution of Corrugated Steel Web

4.2 Key Section Force Analysis
This study only analyzes the force at the junction section
between block 0 and block 1 due to limited space. The first cycle MPa. The maximum main tensile stress of 15.3 MPa was
can be obtained according to the calculation results. The section observed in the steel web of block 0 and was much lower than
stress after concrete pouring at the first section of the top and the allowable stress of 295 MPa. The maximum vertical shear
bottom concrete and the second section of the concrete floor is stress of the corrugated steel web was 37.4 MPa, which was also
shown in Fig. 12. lower than the allowable value of 170 MPa.
As shown in Figs. 12 and 13, after the use of the concrete As shown in Fig. 12(a), the stress concentration occurred near
pouring construction method for the first section of the top the boundary between the top plate and the web, indicating that
concrete and the second section of the bottom concrete, the the force applied to the binding site between the steel web and
maximum principal compressive stress of the concrete was 6.3 the top and bottom plates is crucial for the PC composite beam
MPa, which was much lower than the allowable stress of 24.4 bridge with corrugated steel webs. Therefore, the joints should
194 D. Wang et al.

not only effectively prevent relative slippage between concrete

and steel webs on the premise of effective steel–concrete
combination but also resist longitudinal shear forces and the
lifting effect between the two materials. This approach raises the
requirements for the design of steel–concrete joint connections,
in which the slab is provided on the top bottom edge of the
corrugated steel web to improve the structure. Fig. 13 shows that
except for a little stress concentration, the stress of the corrugated
steel web is uniformly distributed along the height of the web.

4.3 Structural Force Analysis at the Key Stage

4.3.1 Arrangement of Stress Measurement Points

The stress on the key sections of the structure was tracked and
monitored in the entire construction process to ensure structural
safety. The stress was mainly monitored through the high- Fig. 16. Stress Comparison of Theoretical and Field Testing for Roof
precision stress sensors arranged at the concrete top and bottom
plates and the corrugated steel web in the root section, 1/8
section, and 1/4 section of block 0. Specifically, the sensors were
arranged longitudinally at the top and bottom plate concrete and
longitudinally and vertically on the corrugated steel webs, as
shown in Fig. 13. To monitor the stress state of the box girder in
real time, we arranged imported high-precision stress sensors at

Fig. 17. Stress Comparison of Theoretical and Field Testing for Floor

the top and bottom plates and the corrugated steel web of each
construction cantilever segment in the entire bridge.
Fig. 14. Schematic of Stress Sensor Layout

4.3.2 Stress Analysis of Construction

The side span of the Toudao River Bridge was completed in 13
construction stages, and the middle span was completed in 25
construction stages. Twelve construction stages of symmetric
cantilevers were carried out on both sides. The side span and
middle span were closed. Before and after each construction
stage, the sensor data shown in Fig. 12 were monitored. When
necessary, the data at the sub-stage of each construction phase
were monitored and analyzed. The finite element analysis results
and on-site monitoring data are compared in Figs. 15, 16, and 17.
As shown in Figs. 15, 16, and 17, in the asynchronous
pouring construction process, the measured values of the
compressive stress of the concrete top and bottom plates and the
shear stress of the corrugated steel web revealed the same
Fig. 15. Stress Comparison of Theoretical and Field Testing for Corrugated changing trend as the theoretical values. As the construction
Steel Web progressed, the stress values gradually increased. The measured
 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 195

method on the stress state at the top and bottom plates after
completion were compared according to the calculation results,
as shown in Figs. 18 and 19, respectively.
In the comparison in Figs. 18 and 19, the calculation results
and measured results of the asynchronous pouring method and
traditional hanging basket construction method after bridge
completion indicated that the top and bottom plates of the box
girder were in a compressive stress state and that the stress
change trend along the whole bridge was basically the same.
When the asynchronous pouring method was applied, except for
the partial compressive stress at both ends, the maximum
difference of the compressive stress on the top plate of the entire
bridge was only 2.34 MPa, which was significantly lower than
4.49 MPa of the traditional hanging basket method. The
Fig. 18. Stress Comparison of Completed Bridge State for Roof maximum difference of the compressive stress on the bottom
plate was 3.72 MPa, which was also lower than 5.29 MPa of the
traditional hanging basket construction method. Therefore, the
asynchronous pouring method could realize a more uniform
change trend of stress at the top and bottom plates after completion
than the traditional hanging basket construction method. The
state was reasonable, and the overall structural performance was
good. In addition, the measured value was close to the finite
element calculation results, indicating that constructing the PC
composite box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs through
the asynchronous pouring method is feasible. The force is
reasonable, and the performance is good after completion.

5. Conclusions

An actual engineering bridge was taken as the research object to

compare and analyze the process flows and economic indexes of
Fig. 19. Stress Comparison of Completed Bridge State for Floor
the proposed asynchronous pouring method for PC composite
box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs. A refined calculation
model was established on the large-scale finite element calculation
shear stress of the corrugated steel web at the root of block 0 program ANSYS. The following conclusions can be drawn by
reached the maximum value of 23.3 MPa, which was still lower analyzing the stress of the structure in the entire construction
than the finite element calculation value of 26.5 MPa. At this process.
stage, the shear stress on the corrugated steel web was the 1. In the proposed asynchronous pouring method, corrugated
maximum. steel webs provide stiffness support. The simple structure
The prestress on the top plate increased rapidly as the construction and clear force can greatly reduce engineering cost. The
progressed, and the compressive stress on the concrete top and traditional work surface can be expanded to three work
bottom plates increased accordingly. However, the increase in surfaces to greatly improve construction efficiency. In
the amplitude at the subsequent stage was relatively small, addition, the asynchronous pouring method overcomes the
thereby indicating obvious stability. The maximum compressive shortcomings of the traditional hanging basket method and
stress did not exceed 12 MPa because the ceiling was prestressed. enhances construction safety. The engineering application
The stress of each main section in the construction process results show that the proposed asynchronous pouring
tended to be reasonable, indicating the reasonability of the method has good social and economic significance.
asynchronous pouring construction method. 2. Stress concentration is likely to occur near the steel–
concrete joint of the PC composite box girder bridge with
4.3.3 Stress Analysis of the Completed Bridge State corrugated steel webs. Excessive stress concentration
For the statistically indeterminate bridge, different construction causes the structure to slip and lift. Therefore, increased
methods directly affect the stress state of the bridge structure attention should be provided to the structural design of
when completed. The effects of the asynchronous pouring steel–concrete joints in the subsequent design process.
construction method and the traditional hanging basket construction 3. The PC composite box girder bridge with corrugated steel
196 D. Wang et al.

webs constructed by asynchronous pouring shows an evident corrugated webs. International Journal of Steel Structure 20:194-
increase in structural stress at the early stage. Nevertheless, 206, DOI: 10.1007/s13296-019-00278-4
the measured value is still lower than the calculated value, Górecki M, Pieńko M (2017) Numerical analysis of beam with sinusoidally
corrugated webs. American Institute of Physics Conference Series,
and the structure is in a safe and controllable range. With the
College Park, MD, USA
advancement of the construction stage, each stress index He J, Liu Y, Chen A, Yoda T (2012) Mechanical behavior and analysis of
gradually increases, but the change amplitude is small at composite bridges with corrugated steel webs. Journal of Steel
the subsequent stage, showing a steady trend. Structures 12(3):321-338, DOI: 10.1007/s13296-012-3003-9
4. Compared with the traditional hanging basket cantilever Jiang Z, Li SH, Liu XC, Qiu P, Niu Z (2020) Influence of bolts on seismic
pouring method, the asynchronous pouring method generates performance of earthquake-resilient prefabricated sinusoidal corrugated
more uniform structural stress variations and more reasonable web steel beam-column joints. Journal of Constructional Steel
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Kim HJ, Kim HK, Park JY (2013) Reliability-based evaluation of load
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The research described in this paper was financially supported by 0263-8231(96)00006-7
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51878072), the Metwally AE, Loov RE (2003) Corrugated steel webs for prestressed
Innovation and Entrepreneurship Foundation of Chang Sha concrete girders. Materials and Structures 36(3):127-134, DOI:
10.1007/BF02479526
University of Science and Technology (SJCX201928).
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trapezoidally corrugated steel webs. Journal of Constructional Steel
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Da Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-8903 corrugated steel webs. Journal of Constructional Steel Research
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Cheng Tang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-6088 Qiao P (2013) Influence of shear lag and shear deformation effects on
deflection of composite box girder with corrugated steel webs.
Advanced Materials Research 671(674):985-990, DOI: 10.4028/
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