SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-

BUILDING
PREPARED FOR STS01 CLASS BY MILAGROS B. BARRUGA
TOPIC OUTLINE
1. The Concept of Nation Building
2. S&T in Nation Building: Global Perspective
3. The Philippine Government S&T Agenda
4. Major Development Programs and Personalities in S&T in the
Philippines
5. Science Education in the Philippines
6. Selected Indigenous Science and Technologies
OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the concept of nation-building and its importance
2. Explain the relationship between development and nation-building
3. Discuss the role of S&T in Philippine nation building
4. Evaluate government policies pertaining to S&T n their contributions
to nation building
5. Identify actual S&T policies of the government and appraise their
impact on the development of Filipino nation
THE CONCEPT OF NATION-
BUILDING
 Nation
 A group or race of people who shared history, traditions, and culture,
sometimes religion, and usually language
 Aspects in achieving a strong nation:
 Building political entity (territory, rules, norms, principles and common
citizenship)
 Building institutions (bureaucracy, an economy, the judiciary, universities, a
civil service, and civil society organizations)
 Building common sense of purpose, a sense of shared destiny, a collective
imagination of belonging
DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO NATION-
BUILDING
 Development
 Improvement of humankind
 Social engineering of emerging national societies
 Decision processes and decision outcomes which makes it
effective in influencing in all ways the values and culture of
global communities
 “not all change is development” (Reisman, 2008)
 Changes incompatible with human dignity can be characterized as
retrogression or a “dis development”
KEY DRIVERS TO DEVELOPMENT
 S&T
 Economic advances , improvement in key systems (health, education,
infra) are being reinforced through technological and scientific
insurgencies
 Greatly affects the conditions of the people in their way to live,
connect, communicate and transact, with profound effect to economic
development
 The rise of S&T could be a fall to other related aspects – potential
contributor to the dehumanization of man and to the degradation of
his environment
 Development meant balancing the apparent inevitability of technological change
with social intervention
MODERNIZATION
 Convenience, simplicity, and easiness in everyday living –
introduction of modern gadgets
 Moving on with the flow of modernity determines the nation’s
capability to sustain its people’s lives
 Countries are being categorized based on economy and the
application of S&T
 GDP/GNP
 World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP)
 Provides annual reports on world economic trends in different dimension
UN WESP REPORT

 Serve as basis for classifying countries as:

 Developed economies
 Economies in transition
 Developing economies
 An improved global economic situation offer the best chance for
countries to address “long-term issues” which hinders development
 Low carbon economic growth
 Reducing inequalities
 Economic diversification
 Eliminating deep-rooted barriers
FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE
ECONOMIC SUCCESSES OF ASIAN COUNTRIES

1. Government investment in public goods and services such as roads, clean water,
health and education
2. Support for SME
3. Support or HEI, science and engineering sectors, and industry and trade
associations
4. Inter-institutional linkages between universities, industries, government agencies
and non-government organization
5. Good governance
Must seek home-grown, self-generating capability in S&T
 S&T IN THE PHILIPPINE NATION BUILDING

 1987 Constitution Art. XIV acknowledges the significant roles of S&T

 Sec. 10 – S&T are essential for national dev’t and progress
 Give priority to R&D/invention/innovation and utilization; S&T education/training
and services
 Support indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological
capabilities and their appl’n to the country’s productive systems and national life
 Sec. 11 – the Congress may provide for incentives, inc. tax deductions to encourage
private participation in programs of basic and applied scientific research
 Scholarships, GIA, other forms of incentives are provided to deserving science
students, researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists and specially gifted
citizens
S&T IN THE PHILIPPINE NATION BUILDING

 1987 Constitution Art. XIV acknowledges the significant

roles of S&T
 Sec. 12 – The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the
adaptation of technology from all sources for the national
benefit.
 Encourage the widest participation of private groups, local govt, and community-based
org in the generation and utilization of S&T
 Sec. 13 – The State shall protect ;and secure the exclusive rights of
scientists, inventors, artists, and other gifted citizens to their IP and
creations
KEY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND
UNITS FOR PROMOTING S&T

1. DOST
2. Congressional Commission of Science, Technology,
and Engineering
3. DTI
4. CHED
5. NEDA
 THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
 By 2040, the Philippines is a prosperous middle-class society where no
one is poor. People live long, and healthy lives, and are smart, and
innovative. The country is high-trust society where families thrive in
vibrant, culturally diverse, and resilient communities
 Pillars of Development
 Malasakit – regain Filipino trust in public institutions and cultivate trust among
fellow Filipino
 Pagbabago – inequality-reducing transformation through increasing opportunities
for growth of output and income
 Patuloy na pag-unlad – increasing potential growth through sustaining and
accelerating economic growth
 THE PHILIPPINE S&T AGENDA
 The Harmonized National R&D Agenda
2017-2022 was prepared to ensure that
results in S&T endeavors are geared
towards and utilized in areas of
maximum economic and social benefit
Issue-based NIBRA Programs: for the people
1. Water security – TUBIG Program (Tubig ay Buhayin at Ingatan)
2. Food and Nutrition Security – SAPAT Program (Saganang Pagkain Para sa Lahat)
3. Health Sufficiency – LIKAS Program (Likas Yaman sa Kalusugan)
4. Clean Energy – ALERT Program (Alernative Energy Research Trends)
5. Sustainable Community – SAKLAW Program (Saklolo sa Lawa)
6. Inclusive Nation-building – ATIN Program (Ang Tinig Natin)
DOST 8-PT AGENDA

1. Science-based know-how and tools that enable the agriculture sector

to raise productivity to world-class standards
2. Innovative, cost-effective and appropriate technologies that enables
MSMEs to develop and produce competitive products that meet
world-class standards
3. State-of the art facilities and capabilities that enable local industries to
move up the value chain and attain global competitiveness
4. Idea of the Philippines as a global leader in IT-BPM Services generating
direct employment of 1.3M (520,000 of which in the countryside)
 DOST 8-PT AGENDA

5. ICT-based transformation of governance broadening access to government services

(i.e. health and education) for those in the countryside (to bring the Philippines in the
top 50 global ranking of e-government by 2016)
6. Improved quality healthcare and quality of life thru science, technology, and innovation
7. Highly skilled and globally competitive S&T human resources in support of the national
S&T programs.
8. Science-based weather information and climate change scenarios with associate impact
assessments that enable concerned agencies to develop appropriate mitigation
strategies for a disaster and climate change resilient Philippines
PHILIPPINE S&T HUMAN RESOURCES

Enhancing the competitiveness of the country’s S&T human

resources
>>This recognizes the role of every individual inventor whose
works became the womb of new and innovated scientific
knowledge honed towards sustaining the advancement
necessary for building the nation
PHILIPPINE S&T HUMAN RESOURCES

The National Scientist

- The highest honor given by the President to an individual
who had contributed significantly to the fields of S&T in the
country
- A National Scientist receives an annual gratuity and other
privileges similar to those enjoyed by the National Artist
THE NATIONAL SCIENTISTS

1. Angel C. Alcala, Ph.D. – researched on the ecology

and diversity of Philippine amphibians and reptiles, as
well as marine biodiversity and conservation of
marine-protected areas
2. Ramon C. Barba, Ph.D. – works on plant physiology,
esp. in the induction of flowering mango and micro
propagation or the rapid multiplying of stock plant of
important plant species
THE NATIONAL SCIENTISTS

3. Edgardo D. Gomez, Ph.D. – research and

conservation efforts in invertebrate biology and
ecology; pivotal in the world’s first national-scale
assessment of damage of coral reefs, resulting in
international conservation initiatives
4. Gavino C. Trono Jr., Ph.D. – published extensive
studies on the culture of seaweed species that
benefited the livelihood of coastal populations
LATEST FILIPINO INVENTIONS

Aerogas Catalytic Combustor (ACC)

Fuel saver and power booster engine device which
can be practically used on all types of internal
combustion engines
 LATEST FILIPINO INVENTIONS
SALT (Sustainable Alternative Lighting)
- Lamp that runs with just two table
spoons of salt and one glass of tap water
- It is made of improved chemical
compounds, catalysts and metal alloys
that generates electricity when
submerged in electrolyte
LATEST FILIPINO INVENTIONS

SALAMANDER Amphibous
tricycle
- Customized car to address the
problems of many commuters in
a flood-prone countries
VIDEO LINKS
 “Ambisyon Nation 2040” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NA0qLmQ_TLI
 “Ambisyon Nation 2040 NEDA” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WT1mXV8TqN4
 “Ambisyon Nation 2040 (Our Vision)”
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYeKD820cS1AmheVwlnDSyaeci_h228vi
 “The Filipino-made Salamander amphibious tricycle” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqDZPUO92mQ&t=13s
 “Filipinos invented a Lamp that runs in Salt and Water” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HuXeCIQYIso
 “Aerogas Catalytic Combustor Emission Test - August 31, 2017” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-
gucMeU028&t=24s
THANK YOU…