AP Human Geography “(AP)” = From released AP exams. (Most likely to be on exam.

)
Chapter 2 Practice Exam: Population and Health (2018/v.1) “(MM)”=Most Missed (+25% of students missed this question)

1. (AP) Traditionally, the Ganges Valley and the Nile Valley

have had comparatively high population densities
because of their
(A) tropical climate
(B) heavy industrialization
(C) in-migration from neighboring and areas
(D) intensive agriculture based on irrigation
(E) designation as sacred sites

2. (AP) Prior to 1850 the location of all major North

American cities was related, chiefly, to the presence of
(A) transcontinental highways
(B) defensive sites
(C) railroad junctions 6. (AP) On the map above, which letter represents the
(D) navigable waterways region of the greatest proportion of the Canadian
(E) water power population?
(A) A
Review population agglomerations
3. (AP) Why are most South American population centers (B) B
for: US, Canada, Mexico, China,
located at or near the coast? (C) C
India, Europe, S. America, and Africa
(A) The colonial economies were export-oriented. (D) D
(B) The wars of independence damaged many (E) E
inland cities.
(C) Few Amerindian population centers were 7. (AP) Physiological population density differs from crude
located on the coast. population density in that physiological density
(D) Latin American armed forces have extensive (A) examines only the population of cities, while crude
plans for the defense of coastal sites. density includes the population of cities and rural
(E) The climate is generally warmer on the coast areas
and cooler in the highlands. (B) is a measure of how density is perceived, while crude
density is a measure of specific density
4. (AP) Of the following, which region contains the smallest (C) explains density in terms of people per arable square
percentage of the world’s population? land unit, while crude density explains density in
(A) The Southern Hemisphere terms of people per total square land unit
(B) The Northern Hemisphere (D) explains the density of a single housing unit while
(C) The Eastern Hemisphere crude density explains the density of a group of
(D) Coastal areas of the world within 160 kilometers (100 houses
miles) of ocean (E) is the number of people per housing unit, while crude
(E) Areas of the world lying lower than 150 meters (500 density is the number of people per square mile
feet) above sea level
8. (AP) Sri Lanka and Australia have about the same
5. (AP)(MM) Which of the following regions had the population. What data would help you determine which
smallest percentage of people living in urban areas at the country has a higher physiological population density?
end of the twentieth century? (A) The area of each country
(A) Australia (B) The number of farmers in each country
(B) South Asia (C) The total fertility rate of each country
(C) North America (D) The amount of arid land in each country
(D) Europe (E) The amount of arable land in each country
(E) South America
9. (AP) Of the following countries, which has the fewest
people per unit of arable land?
(A) Guatemala
(B) Bangladesh
(C) Argentina
(D) Netherlands
(E) Egypt
 13. (AP) The measure of the average number of children who
are born to women of childbearing age (15-45) in the
population is called the
(A) actual birth rate
(B) crude birth rate
(C) total fertility rate
(D) adjusted birth rate
(E) net reproduction ratio

14. (AP) In the first decade of the twenty-first century, which

of the following countries had the lowest fertility rate?
(A) Somalia
10. (AP) Which population pyramid shown above best (B) Niger
represents a college town? (C) Angola
(A) A (D) Democratic Republic of Congo
(B) B (E) South Africa
(C) C
(D) D 15. (AP) In which of the following pairs do both countries
(E) E exhibit zero or negative population growth rates?
(A) Pakistan and China
11. (AP)(MM) Which population pyramid shown above (B) India and Germany
depicts the largest dependency ratio. (C) Japan and Germany
(A) A (D) China and India
(B) B (E) India and Japan
(C) C
(D) D 16. (AP) Which of the following characteristics is currently
(E) E shared by Switzerland, Canada, and New Zealand?
(A) Low population-growth rates
(B) Primate urban systems
(C) High infant-mortality rates
(D) Membership in the European Union (EU)
(E) More than ten percent of the population involved in
sheep farming

17. (AP) Which of the following characteristics applies to

more-developed countries?
(A) Early stages of epidemiological transition
(B) Long life expectancies
(C) High total fertility rates
(D) Rapid population growth
(E) Early stages of the demographic transition
12. (AP) Based on the population pyramid above, which of
the following will pose the greatest demographic 18. (AP) Which statement best describes population growth
challenge to China beginning in 2029? patterns in the world today?
(A) Providing for the needs of its aging population (A) In the world as a whole, women have an average of
(B) Finding enough teachers to educate the young five or more children, leading to Malthusian crises.
(C) Limiting out-migration of the 60- to 64-year-old age (B) Fertility rates in low- and middle-income countries
cohort worldwide are higher now than 25 years ago.
(D) Providing prenatal medical care (C) In the world as a whole, fertility rates have fallen in
(E) Controlling population growth the last 25 years.
(D) In sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Pacific,
fertility rates have doubled in the last 25 years.
(E) Fertility rates in most high-income countries have
risen in the last 25 years.
19. (AP) Which of the following is a correct statement about 24. (AP) Which factor is most responsible for the increase in
the demographic transition model? Japan’s dependency ratio?
(A) It is applicable only to eighteenth-century Europe. (A) An increase in life expectancy
(B) It predicts the growth of population in Russia (B) An increase in the death rate
reasonably well. (C) An increase in the rate of natural increase
(C) It divides the demographic changes of a country into (D) A decrease in the doubling time
two stages of slow growth and high growth. (E) An increase in the total fertility rate
(D) It supports the idea that technology can remove or
extend the limits of food production. 25. (AP) The Malthusian view of the world argues that
(E) It is characterized by relatively low growth rates at (A) the contemporary problem of famine in developing
stage 1 and stage 4. countries is a result of the colonial legacy
(B) the problem of population growth is a result of
20. (AP) A country in the first stage of the demographic economic underdevelopment
transition demonstrates which of the following? (C) one way to solve population growth in developing
(A) An old population age structure countries is to reduce their foreign debt
(B) High birth rates, but low death rates (D) famine in developing countries can be explained by
(C) Low birth rates, low death rates, and low rates of examining their patterns of population growth
population growth (E) population growth is helpful to developing countries
(D) High birth rates, high death rates, and low rates of because it provides a larger rural workforce
population growth
(E) High birth rates, high death rates, and high rates of 26. (AP) Thomas Malthus based his work on population on
population growth which of the following premises?
(A) Both food production and population increase
21. (AP) Even though total fertility rates have been declining arithmetically .
in some less-developed countries, the total population (B) Food production increases arithmetically and
has continued to grow. This is primarily because a high population increases exponentially .
percentage of the population is (C) Both food production and population increase
(A) female exponentially .
(B) male (D) Food production increases exponentially and
(C) over the age of 15 population increases arithmetically .
(D) under the age of 15 (E) Food production increases arithmetically and
(E) receiving adequate medical care population remains stable

22. (AP) The term that describes the concept that population 27. Demography is
will continue to grow even after fertility rates decline is (A) the study of the relationship between government
known as and population.
(A) demographic momentum (B) the study of population.
(B) demographic transition (C) the study of population growth.
(C) rate of natural increase (D) the mapping of population characteristics.
(D) the population pyramid (E) none of the above
(E) the homeostatic plateau
28. The part of Earth’s surface that is physically suitable for
permanent human settlement is known as
23. (AP) The dependency ratio is most useful for indicating
(A) the ecumene.
the
(B) the ecosystem.
(A) reliance of a country on imported fossil fuels
(C) the ecosphere.
(B) degree of gender equality within a country
(D) the biosphere.
(C) relationship between the total fertility rate and the
(E) the biosystem.
infant mortality rate
(D) percentage of foreign ownership within the secondary
29. Human beings avoid clustering in ALL BUT WHICH of these
sector of a country’s economy
lands?
(E) relationship between the potential labor force and the
(A) cold lands
remainder of a country’s population
(B) dry lands
(C) wet lands
(D) hot lands
(E) highland regions
 36. The largest population cluster in the Western hemisphere
is in the
(A) Southwestern United States and Southeastern Canada
(B) Southern United States and Northeastern Canada
(C) Northeastern United States and Northeastern Canada
(D) Northwestern United States and Northeastern Canada
(E) Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada

37. China and India are important in studying future

30. On the map above, the lightest portions show population growth because together they represent
(A) arithmetic density _____ percent of the world’s population.
(B) ecumene (A) 5
(C) population cluster (B) 10
(D) population concentration (C) 15
(E) non-ecumene (D) 35
(E) 50
31. Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning
the world's population? 38. Which of the following is NOT among the most populous
(A) Uneducated women usually have higher fertility rates. countries of the world today?
(B) Population growth rates differ from place to place. (A) Argentina
(C) Population is evenly distributed over the earth's (B) Pakistan
surface. (C) Indonesia
(D) High fertility rates tend to be in overpopulated areas. (D) United States
(E) Artificial birth control use is higher in core countries. (E) Bangladesh

32. Two-thirds of the world's population is clustered in four 39. A population concentration (cluster) is today emerging in
regions. Which of the following is NOT one of these four Africa focused on
regions? (A) Eastern coastal region
(A) East Asia (B) South Africa
(B) Southeast Asia (C) Nigeria and coastal West Africa
(C) Sub-Saharan Africa (D) North Africa
(D) Europe (E) Central Africa
(E) South Asia
40. The major focus of Algeria's population is
33. (MM) Global patterns that are affected by population (A) the Sahara.
issues are concentrated in __________, where 2/3rds of (B) the south.
the world's population lives. (C) the north.
(A) Southeast Asia and India (D) along the Atlantic Coast.
(B) Europe and Asia
(C) China and India 41. Which of the following regions has the highest
(D) Northwest Europe and South Asia percentage of people living in cities (highest urbanization
(E) Europe and China rate)?
(A) East Asia
34. Population in East Asia declines from: (B) South Asia
(A) south to north (C) Europe
(B) north to south (D) South America
(C) the interior toward the coast (E) Sub-Saharan Africa
(D) the coast toward the interior
(E) northern coast to southern coast 42. Dividing a country's population by its total land area gives
a geographer what statistic?
35. While most of the countries in East Asia are highly (A) Physiologic density
urbanized, one still has over 40% of its population living in (B) Arithmetic density
rural areas. Which is it? (C) Spatial density
(A) Japan (D) Clustered density
(B) China (E) Agglomerated density
(C) South Korea
(D) Taiwan
(E) Bangladesh
43. Which of the following countries has the lowest 49. The Natural Increase Rate (NIR) of a population can be
arithmetic density? defined as
(A) Brazil. (A) the estimated number of children born to each father
(B) United States. during a one-year period
(C) United Kingdom. (B) the difference between crude birth rates and crude
(D) Canada death rates divided by 10
(E) India. (C) the estimated number of children born to each
female during their reproductive years (ages 15-45)
44. The problem with using arithmetic population density to (D) the total number of children each female given birth
investigate the population pattern of a country is that in the previous ten-year period
such a density figure does not take into consideration: (E) the number of children per family required to replace
(A) annual population increases the previous generation
(B) internal clustering patterns
(C) annexation of new territory 50. "Doubling time" or the number of years required for a
(D) possible loss of territory population to double in size can be estimated by
(E) external political forces (A) dividing the total population by the Total Fertility Rate
(B) counting back the number of years to when the
45. Physiological density is the number of population was half the current size
(A) acres of farmland per city (C) multiplying the Total Fertility Rate by the Rate of
(B) farmers per area of arable land Natural Increase
(C) people per area of land (D) dividing 70 by the Rate of Natural Increase
(D) people per area of arable land (E) multiplying the Rate of Natural Increase by the Total
(E) people per farmer Life Expectancy

46. If the physiological density is much higher than the 51. Today, world population doubling time is
arithmetic density, then a country probably has: (A) 300 years
(A) inefficient farmers (B) increasing (i.e. taking longer to double)
(B) a large number of farmers (C) decreasing (i.e. taking less time to double)
(C) a small percentage of arable land (D) ten years
(D) a difficult time feeding its own people
(E) a very large population overall 52. A decline in a country’s crude birth rate would result in an
increase in the country’s
47. (MM) India and the United Kingdom have approximately (A) total fertility rate
the same agricultural density. From this we can conclude (B) life expectancy
that the two countries have the same (C) crude death rate
(A) level of output per farmer. (D) doubling time
(B) number of people per area of land. (E) infant mortality rate
(C) pressure placed by people on the land to produce 53. The Natural Increase Rate of the world during the early
food. 21st century has been:
(D) number of farmers per area of land. (A) 4 percent
(E) all of the above (B) 2.2 percent
(C) .5 percent
48. Historically, the world’s population grew (D) 1.2 percent
(A) very steadily from 1000 CE until the present.
(B) slowly until about 1800 CE, before growing quickly 54. At the present rate of births and deaths in the world, we
between 1800 CE and the present. are adding about _____ million inhabitants every year.
(C) quickly until about 1800 CE, before slowing down (A) 50
between 1800 CE and the present. (B) 10
(D) slowly until about 1000 CE, before growing quickly (C) 80
between 1000 CE and the present. (D) 250
(E) quickly until about 1000 CE, before declining
between 1800 CE and the present. 55. Presently, about 98% of growth in the world's population
is occurring
(A) in Western countries.
(B) in More Developed Countries (MDCs).
(C) in Less Developed Countries (LDCs).
(D) in Africa
(E) in the Western Hemisphere.
56. The principal reason for declining natural increase rates in 63. (MM) Excluding migration, a country or region will
less developed countries today is achieve ZPG (zero population growth) when it has
(A) increasing crude birth rates. (A) a crude birth rate of 1.0
(B) declining crude birth rates. (B) the crude death rate exceeds the crude birth rate
(C) increasing crude death rates. (C) a life expectancy is high and infant mortality is low
(D) declining crude death rates. (D) a total fertility rate of 2.1
(E) balanced natural increase rates. (E) a total fertility rate of 0

57. Which area of the world is experiencing the most rapid 64. The Total Fertility Rate of the United States for 2008 was
population growth? estimated to be 2.1. What does this mean for the
(A) East Asia population of the United States?
(B) South Asia (A) The doubling time of the United States is about 35
(C) Central Europe years.
(D) Sub-Saharan Africa (B) The United States is experiencing rapid natural
(E) South America increase.
(C) All population growth in the United States is due to
58. Which country will likely increase its percentage of the migration and not natural increase.
world's population the most in the next 20 years? (D) The United States will experience population decline
(A) China in the next 30 years.
(B) India (E) All of the above.
(C) Nigeria
(D) United Kingdom 65. Efforts to lower CBR through improved education and
(E) United States health care for women have shown statistically to result
in all but which of the following?
59. The highest Crude Birth Rates (CBR) in the world are (A) Improvement in prenatal care results in reduced
found in infant mortality rates.
(A) Latin America (B) With the survival of more infants secure, women are
(B) Middle East. more likely to use contraceptives to limit pregnancies.
(C) China (C) With improved education, women are more aware of
(D) Sub-Saharan Africa reproductive rights and make more informed
(E) Europe. reproductive decisions.
(D) With greater education women have an improved
60. (MM) Of the following countries, the lowest crude birth
opportunities and are less likely to see children as
rate (CBR) would likely be found in
necessary labor and social security.
(A) Mexico
(E) Men take on the burden of contraception.
(B) Argentina On the exam, the answer to this question
(C) Spain will be one of these very low CBR
countries: Japan, Croatia, Estonia, Ukraine, 66. For every 1,000 babies born in Mozambique this year,
(D) Ethiopia
Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece nearly 150 of them will die before they reach their first
(E) India
birthday! The rate of 150 deaths per 1,000 births is
61. How can a country or region slow down its birth rates? known as the
(A) Keep girls in school longer. (A) crude death rate
(B) Improve economic opportunities for women (B) infant mortality rate
(C) Distribute birth control devices. (C) life expectancy
(D) Reduce infant and child mortality. (D) total fertility rate
(E) All of the above. (E) dependency rate

62. Almost everywhere on Earth, Total Fertility Rates (TFRs) 67. In which region are the highest rates of infant mortality
(A) are rising. found?
(B) are falling. (A) South America
(C) are staying about the same. (B) Sub-Saharan Africa
(D) are influenced by precipitation levels. (C) East Asia
(D) Eastern Europe
68. The number of deaths per 1000 population between the 74. The Industrial Revolution caused countries to move into
first and fifth birthdays is known as: what stage of the demographic transition?
(A) natural increase rate (A) stage 1
(B) infant mortality rate (B) stage 2
(C) crude death rate (C) stage 3
(D) total death rate (D) stage 4
(E) child mortality rate
75. Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death
69. The highest rates of all of the following demographic rate of 15. In what stage of the demographic transition is
measures are typically found in LDCs (less developed this country?
countries) EXCEPT? (A) Stage 1
(A) crude birth rates (B) Stage 2
(B) crude death rates (C) Stage 3
(C) infant mortality rates (D) Stage 4
(D) natural increase rates (E) Stage 5
(E) total fertility rates

70. In studying population growth and attempting to predict 76. In contrast to the experience of relatively developed
future patterns of growth, geographers most frequently countries, developing countries entered Stage 2 of the
refer to the demographic transition through
(A) dependency ratio (A) creation of higher levels of wealth
(B) crude death rate (B) gradual diffusion of the industrial revolution
(C) infant mortality rate (C) sudden injection of medical technology from
(D) current rate of natural increase developed nations
(E) total fertility rate (D) changes in their economic and social systems
(E) the Industrial Revolution
71. Life expectancy is lowest on average in
(A) Sub-Saharan Africa. 77. In the demographic transition model the point where NIR
(B) East Asia. (population growth rate) would be at its highest rate
(C) North America. would be
(D) Europe. (A) the beginning of Stage 1
(E) Southeast Asia. (B) the end of Stage 4
(C) the line between Stage 1 and Stage 2
72. Improvements in health care systems, sanitation, (D) the line between Stage 2 and Stage 3
infrastructure and personal nutrition are factors that lead (E) the line between Stage 3 and Stage 4
to
(A) increased total fertility rates and higher birth rates 78. Which of the following is most characteristic of societies
(B) increased birth rates and decreased life expectancy currently in the last stage of demographic transition?
(C) decreased life expectancy and increased total fertility (A) Hyperinflation
rates (B) Unemployment
(D) increased infant mortality rates and increased total (C) Youth dependency
fertility rates (D) Aging population
(E) decreased infant mortality rates and increased life (E) Overpopulation
expectancy
79. As shown in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition
73. The highest crude death rates are found in countries in model, birth rates can dip below death rates. A country
which stage of the demographic transition? that would be an example of this phenomenon would be
(A) Stage 1 (A) Italy
(B) Stage 2 (B) Mexico
(C) Stage 3 (C) Brazil
(D) Stage 4 (D) United States
(E) Stage 5 (E) India
Use the population pyramids above to answer the questions 84. Cancers and heart disease are most common in countries
80-82. The male population is on the left of each pyramid. in which stages of the epidemiologic transition?
The female population is represented is on the right. (A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
80. Which population pyramid best reflects the population
(C) 3 and 4
structure of a rapidly growing stage 2 country like Angola
(D) 1 and 4
(or some other Sub-Saharan African country)?
(A) Pyramid “A”. 85. Stage five of the epidemiological transition is the stage of
(B) Pyramid “B”. (A) pestilence and famine.
(C) Pyramid “C”. (B) receding pandemics.
(D) Pyramid “D”. (C) degenerative and human created diseases.
(E) Pyramid “E”. (D) delayed degenerative diseases.
(E) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases.
81. Which population pyramid shows a population that is
slowly growing stage 3 country like Mexico? 86. Which of the following is NOT a reason for a potential
(A) Pyramid “A”. future stage five of the epidemiological transition model?
(B) Pyramid “B”. (A) poverty in LDCs makes sanitation and medical
(C) Pyramid “C”. improvement unaffordable
(D) Pyramid “D”. (B) high infant mortality
(E) Pyramid “E”. (C) evolution of microbes
(D) international travel
82. Which population pyramid shows a population whose
stage 4 country like Germany whose population is slowly 87. A population pyramid
declining? (A) shows the age and sex structure of a population.
(A) Pyramid “A”. (B) cannot be used to compare two different countries.
(B) Pyramid “B”. (C) demonstrates the demographic transition model.
(C) Pyramid “C”. (D) only accurately depicts declining populations.
(D) Pyramid “D”. (E) is most useful in illustrating social upheaval.
(E) Pyramid “E”.
88. Which of the following differences between two
83. The stages of the epidemiologic transition are based on populations could NOT be discerned by comparing their
(A) causes of death at varying stages of the demographic population pyramids?
transition. (A) sex ratios
(B) the means through which disease is transmitted (B) dependency ratios
spatially. (C) population densities
(C) non-contagious diseases such as heart disease, (D) crude birth rates
obesity, or diabetes. (E) life expectancies
(D) pandemics like the bubonic plague, influenza, or
AIDS. 89. One would expect to find a population with a relatively
young age structure in
(A) less developed countries Hint: C, D, and E
(B) highly developed countries are characteristic
(C) countries with a low death rate of MDCs.
(D) countries with a low fertility rate
(E) countries with a high standard of living
90. Reasons why women in the United States are having
fewer children than 50 years ago include all of the 95. Areas in the Saharan desert region of Africa possess a low
following except (A) carrying capacity.
(A) women are getting married later in life. (B) birth rate.
(B) women are becoming more educated (C) death rate.
(C) women are more likely to enter the work-force. (D) transhumance.
(D) women have poorer diets. (E) total fertility rate
(E) women are more likely to use contraceptives.
96. Pro-natalism is
91. In comparing Malthus's theory to actual world food (A) a governmental policy that discourages its population
production and population growth during the past half- to have more children.
century, the principal difference is that (B) a government policy that encourages zero population
(A) Largely because of the Green Revolution, actual food growth.
production has been higher than Malthus predicted. (C) a government policy that encourages growth through
(B) Malthus's theory predicted much higher food migration.
production than has actually occurred. (D) a government policy that encourages its population
(C) Actual population growth has been much higher than to have more children.
Malthus predicted. (E) none of the above
(D) Malthus's theory predicted much higher population
growth than has actually occurred. 97. (MM) The long-term demographic effect of the One-Child
Policy in China has been
92. (MM) Neo-Malthusians argue that (A) large-scale out-migration of Chinese to foreign
(A) in addition to outstripping food supply, world countries
population growth is also overtaxing other resources (B) reduction of the total fertility rate below the
like energy, arable land, and clean water. replacement rate
(B) Governments should discourage population growth (C) mass rural to urban migration smaller total
because industrial growth is slowing in the developed population of China
countries. (D) in-migration of foreign guest workers to fill low-
(C) population growth in Least Developed Countries paying service jobs
(LDCs) will end as the population in those countries
becomes more educateD 98. The low rate of contraceptive use by women in Sub-
(D) More Developed Countries (MDCs) will experience a Saharan Africa reflects
population crash due to the aging of their (A) spousal disapproval (husbands say no)
populations. (B) cultural and religious opposition
(E) none of the above. (C) difficulty in reaching rural areas (distance barriers)
(D) inadequate education/information
93. Which statement about overpopulation is true? (E) all of the above
(A) Overpopulation is unlikely because food production
potential is unlimited 99. An anti-natalist population policy
(B) Overpopulation occurs when an area’s population is (A) is meant to lower the infant mortality rate.
greater than its carrying capacity. (B) is meant to raise the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of the
(C) Overpopulation can only occur in less-developed population.
areas. (C) is meant to lower the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of the
(D) Overpopulation is achieved when the physiological population.
density reaches more than 1,000/km. (D) encourages population growth.
(E) All of the above. (E) discourages the use of birth control.

94. The ability of a resource base to sustain a population is 100.The strongest pro-natalist policy is likely to be found in
known as its which of the following countries?
(A) support ratio (A) Italy
(B) carrying capacity (B) India
(C) subsistence limit (C) United States
(D) basic employment (D) China
(E) population pressure (E) Afghanistan