TOPIC WISE SEGREGATION OF ETO WRITTEN QUESTIONS

1. BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1. a) What has the greater equivalent resistance: two equal

capacitors in series or in parallel? Explain with reasons?
b) A circuit has a resistance of 3Ω and a inductance of 0.01 H. The
voltage across its ends is 60V and the frequency is 50Hz. Calculate
(i) the impedance (ii) the power factor (iii) the power absorbed.

2. A coil having a resistance of 10Ω and an inductance of 0.15H is

connected in series with a capacitor across a 100V, 50Hz supply. If the
current and the voltage are in phase what will be the value of the
current in the circuit and the voltage drop across the coil?

2. DC MACHINE
1. Two 220V d.c generators each having linear external
characteristics operated in parallel. One machine has a terminal
voltage of 270 V on no- load and 220V at a load current of 35 A,
while the other has a voltage of 280V at no-load and 220 V at
50A. Calculate the output current of each machine and the bus bar
voltage when the total load is 60A. What is the kw output of each
machine under this condition . ( 16 marks )
2. A shunt generator has an induced emf of 254V. When the
generator is loaded, the terminal voltage is 240V. Neglecting
armature reaction, find the load current if the armature resistance
is 0.04ohm and field resistance is 24ohms.
3. Draw the diagram of three point starter and identify the various
parts.
4. Two DC shunt generators are connected in parallel and supply a
load to a DC shunt motor taking current of 150A. One generates
an emf of 250V and has an armature resistance of 0.2ohm and the
other generates 255V and has an armature resistance of 0.3ohm.
What is the motor output voltage and power output of each
generator. (Neglect field current)
5. A 220V shunt motor takes 5A at No load. Armature resistance is
0.25ohm and field resistance is 200ohm. Calculate.
i) Efficiency, when taking full load current of 50A.
ii) Percentage change in speed between no-load to full load.
3. THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

1. Write a short note on the principle of operation of induction

motors. (8 marks )
a. What is slip for an induction motor? (4 marks )
b. If a 6- pole motor is supplied at 60Hz and runs with a slip of

5%, what is the actual rotor speed? or If a 4- pole motor is

supplied at 60Hz and runs with a slip of 5%, what is the
actual rotor speed? (4 marks )
c. Draw a simple ladder logic diagram of star-delta starting of
an induction motor.
2. With reference to 3-Phase induction motors:
a. Explain the phenomenon of crawling and cogging in these
motors.
b. A 3-phase induction motor is wound for four poles and is
supplied from a 50Hz system calculate:
i) The synchronous speed;
ii) The speed of the rotor when the slip is 4 percent;
iii) The rotor frequency when the speed of the rotor is
600r/min.
3. a) Draw circuit diagram and explain working of star/delta starter.
b) Explain with diagram how direction of single phase induction
motor is reversed.
4. Explain the construction and working of three phase induction
motor.
5. A 3-phase induction motor which is wound for 4-Poles, when
running full load develops a useful torque of 100Nm; also the
rotor emf is observed to make 120-cycles/min. It is known that
the torque lost on account of friction & core loss is 7Nm.
Calculate the shaft power output, rotor copper loss, motor input
and motor efficiency.
6. Describe step by step method of overhauling 10kW, 50Hz, 440V,
3-Phase Squirrel induction motor.
7. The shaft output of a 3-phase, 60Hz, induction motor is 80KW.
The friction and windage losses are 920W, the stator core loss is
4300W and stator copper loss is 2690W. The rotor current and
rotor resistance referred to stator are 110A and 0.15 respectively.
If slip is 3.8%, what is the percent efficiency?
8. A 400V, 4-pole, 50Hz, 3-phase, 10HP, star-connected induction
motor has no load slip of 1% and full load slip of 4%. Find the
following: i) Synchronous speed ii) No-load speed iii) full-load
speed
iv) Frequency of rotor current at full-load v) full load torque.

4. TRANSFORMERS
1. With reference to 3-phase Transformers:
a. Discuss the essential and desirable conditions to be fulfill for
operating two three-phase transformers in parallel.
b. What are the advantages of transformer bank of three single-
phase transformers over a unit three phase transformer of the
same kVA rating.
c. In a 25KW, 3300/233V, 1-Phase transformer the iron and full
load copper losses are 350 watts and 400 watts respectively.
Calculate the efficiency at half load, 0.8 p.f.
2. With reference to 3-phase Transformers:
(a) Describe the different types of losses occurring in power
transformers
(b) A single power transformer supplied a load of 20kVA at a p.f.
of 0.81(lagging). The iron loss of the transformer is 200kW and
the copper loss at this load is 180kW. Calculate i) Efficiency ii) if
the load is now changed to 30kVA at a p.f. of 0.91(lagging),
calculate new efficiency.
3. With reference to different types of transformers used onboard.
a. Discuss the basic principle of operation of a transformer
(5marks )
b. Enumerate the different types of transformers used onboard
also state their functions for which they are used (5 marks )
c. A 440/110V single phase transformer supplies a load of 5KW
at 0.8 power factor load. Calculate the primary and secondary
currents (Ignoring transformer power losses)? ( 6 marks )
or
d. A 440/220V single phase transformer supplies a load of
5KW at 0.8 power factor load. Calculate the primary and
secondary currents (Ignoring transformer power losses)? ( 6
marks )
4. In a container ship, a 3-phase delta/delta connected 6600/440 V,
60Hz transformer is feeding AMP supply from shore to 440 Volts
switchboard. Transformer primary current takes a line current of
100AMP, when secondary load pf 0.8 lagging p.f is connected.
Determine each coil- current and KW output of transformer.
5. A 100KVA, 2400/240V, 50Hz, Single phase transformer has no-
load current of 0.64A and a core loss of 700W, when its HV side
is energized at rated voltage & frequency. Calculate the two
components of no load current. If this transformer supplies a load
current of 40A at 0.8 (lagging) p.f. at its low voltage side,
determine the primary current and its power factor. Ignore leakage
impedance drop.
5. THREE PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES (SYN.
MOTOR & ALTERNATOR)

1. Explain the principle of operation of Synchronous Motor with a

simple sketch. Where are synchronous motors used onboard?
2. Draw and explain the working of a Synchroscope. How could
you monitor the correct instant for synchronizing without the
aid of a synchroscope?
3. Draw & Explain the Brushless excitation in alternators used
onboard. What would likely happen if one of the rotating
Diodes fails and become:
(a) An open circuit ?
(b) An short circuit ?

4. State the applications of the synchronous motors. Discuss how a

synchronous motor can function as a synchronous capacitor.
Compare synchronous motors with induction motor drives.

5. With respect to alternators onboard:

a. Briefly explain True Power, Apparent Power and Power
Factor?
b. The alternator is rated for 750kVA at 0.85 p.f. What is the
maximum load (Kilo watt) that can be put on it? Would you
be overloading the alternator if the Kilowatt reading were
now 620kW and the power factor 0.80?

6. Sketch and describe a main engine shaft driven generator

arrangement with an electronic system for frequency correction.

7. With reference to Diesel Engine driven Alternator:

a) Explain the significance of the term “Speed Droop” during
 the parallel operation of alternators. Assuming two
alternators are running in parallel, outline the frequency v/s
load characteristics of the alternators while load sharing.
b) Two 3-phase alternators operate in parallel. The rating of
m/c-A is 1000kW and m/c-B is 800kW. The droop setting of
each generator is 4%. If the load to be shared by both the
generators is 1000kW. Calculate the load sharing by M/C-A
& B, if the original frequency at no load is 62Hz.
8. An alternator does not build up any voltage after start.Describe
step by step procedure to solve the problem for all reason.
9. a) Describe any two methods of determining the voltage
regulation of 3-phase alternator.
b) Two alternators are connected in parallel what happens when
we increase the excitation of one machine.
10. i) What precaution must be taken when testing the insulation of

generator cables and wiring connected to an AVR unit?

ii) How could you monitor the correct instant for synchronizing,
if synchroscope and synchronizing lamps are not working?
iii) How the air-gap of an alternator is measured and why the air-
gap of an alternator to be checked periodically.
11. With respect to (w.r.t.) paralleling of alternators:
a) If the synchroscope is malfunctioning, which instrument is the
most essential to parallel an alternator with busbar? Justify your
answer.
b) Why it is desirable to operate paralleled alternators at the same
power factor(p.f.).
c) Why it is necessary that incoming alternator frequency is more
than busbar?
d) What are the likely consequences of attempting to close the
incomer’s circuit breaker when the generator voltages are not in
synchronism?
 e) How could you monitor the correct instant for synchronizing
without the aid of a synchroscope and synchronizing lamps?
12. The following loads are supplied by two alternators running in
parallel:
i) 1400kW @ p.f. 0.86 laggingii) 900kW @ p.f. 0.8 lagging
iii) 800kW@ p.f. unityiv) 500kW @ p.f. 0.8 leading
If the load on one machine is adjusted to 2100kW @ p.f. of 0.92.
Find the load and power factor (p.f.) of the other machine.

6. POWER SYSTEM ( INCLUDING SWITCHGEAR &

PROTECTION)

1. With respect to a three phase shipboard electrical distribution

system:
a. Enumerate the advantages of an insulated neutral system.
b. Enumerate disadvantages of an insulated neutral system.
c. Describe how the Earth Neutral System is earthed.
d. Compare the use of an insulated neutral system as opposed to
the use of an earthed neutral system with regard to the risk of
electric shock from either system.

2. Explain three methods of over current protection for electrical

circuit. Explain with aid of diagram, the meaning of the inverse
current time characteristic.
3. With respect to Generators and Main circuit breakers and their
protection devices:
(a) What are safeties incorporated in Air Circuit Breaker
(ACB) of ship’s generator and prime mover?
(b) Write short note on negative phase sequence relay
(c) Explain the procedure to test reverse power relay?
 4. With respect to CBs; compare the effectiveness of a current
limiting circuit breaker with that of a HRC fuse.

5. With respect to insulated and earthed neutral systems used on

board :
a. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both the
insulated and earthed systems used onboard. (8 marks )
b. Discuss the consequences of earth fault in an earthed
distribution system. (4 marks )
c. What would be the ohmic value of the NER to limit the earth
fault to the full load rating of a 2 MW, 0.8pf, 3.3KV 3Phase
A.C generator? (4 marks )

6. a) A 440 v 10 KW 0.8 PF 3 phase loaded supplied as shown.

Calculate short circuit fault current at the load and at the main switch
board (8 marks)

b) What are the safety produce procedures if any work have to be

carried out in leaves MSB bus-bar. (8 marks)
7. a) What is the significance of earth fault in an isolated neutral
system? Explain with a suitable diagram
7. ELECTRICAL PROPULSION
1. Briefly explain the Principle of Variable Frequency Derives
(VFD). Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of VFDs
onboard merchant vessels?
2. Diesel electric propulsion is now being chosen as the power plant
for an increasingly wide variety of vessels.
a. Sketch a simple layout of such an installation
b. Explain the advantages of selecting such a plant.
3. List out the advantages and disadvantages of electric propulsion
system.
4. With reference to an emergency source of electrical power in cargo
ships:-
a. Describe a typical power source
b. Give a typical list of essential services, which must be
supplied simultaneously.
c. Explain how the emergency installation can be periodically
tested.
9. ELECTRICAL BATTERIES, MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS, ELECTRONICS & CONTROL SYSTEMS

1. With reference to batteries onboard:

a. Distinguish between Lead acid cell and Alkaline Cell
b. Describe how a battery of alkaline cells may be tested for its
usefulness, after a long storage and if found deficient, how it
can be remedied?
c. Explain how the ambient temperature is taken into account
when determining the condition of the battery.
2. What is zener diode and how does it regulate the voltage? What
happens to the series current, load current and zener current when
the dc input voltage of a zener regulator increases?. Draw a neat
diagram of zener regulator and explain.
3. What are semiconductor devices? What are its advantages over
thermionic devices? With respect to semiconductor devices describe
working principle and application of the following:
a. Zener diode b. Transistor c. Photocell d.
Thyristor
4. With respect to PLC’s used onboard shipls:
a) Draw and explain the block diagram of PLC?
b) What are the equipments where the PLCs are used onboard?
c) What are the advantages of PLC CONTROLLERS over other
types of controllers?

5. a) Describe the working of a single phase full-wave rectifier with

a resistive load. Draw the load voltage and current waveforms.
b) Diode half-wave rectifier supply a resistive load of 100Ω from
a 100V ac r.m.s voltage source. The diode is a resistance of 5Ω
during conduction state. Calculate
 i) The DC output Voltage ii) DC average load current

6.a) Explain the construction & principle of operation of permanent

magnet moving coil (PMMC) type instrument.
b) A PMMC type instrument has a coil of diamension
15mmX12mm. The flux density in the air gap is 1.8x10-3 wb/m2
and the spring constant is 0.4x10-6Nm/rad. Determine the No. of
turns required to produce an angular deflection of 90* when a
current of 5mA is flowing through the coil.
7. a) Explain why 3 wire RTD is perfect for accurate measurement of
temperature?(8 marks)
b) Explain with diagram how boiler water level is measured

8. a) How to check and calibrate a thermostat which is used to stop an

air compressor when cooling tower goes to high.
b)Describe an automatic control system capable of maintaining the
jacket water temperature within close limits during wide changes in
engine load; explain with a simple line sketch of a main engine
cooling system.
c)What is the basic circuit behind an engine room crane? Explain the
operation with a suitable diagram.
9. a) Explain with the aid of a diagram, a controller utilizing
proportional plus integral action.

b) Explain briefly what you know about “Pulse width Modulation”

and how it can be applied for propulsion control.
10. a) Explain working of galley CO2 firefighting control system
b) Explain working of electrical oven fitted in galley range with
circuit diagram.

11. a) Explain working of fuel oil leaf off alarm system of Main Engine.

b) Explain the operation of Main Engine RRM Indication system.

12. i) Sketch and describe hydraulic circuit of steering gear incorporating

automatic isolation system.

ii) Explain emergency steering

ii) Describe the routine tests of steering gear as per SOLAS

requirement.

13. a) Draw & Explain basic flow and control diagram of refrigeration
system on board a ship.

b) Write down the function of the following components:

i) Thermo Couples ii) DP Transmitter iii) IP Convertor iv) IGBT

14. a) Name the areas onboard a ship which is classified as “Hazardous”.

b) What you mean by “intrinsic safety”? Draw a sketch showing
how a zener barrier is used in the circuits between safe and
hazardous areas.
10. SAFETIES
1. a) CO2 it to be released in engine room in case of fire. Briefly
describe steps taken before it can be released.
b) What means are provided to prevent inadvertent release of CO2
in engine room?
2. With respect to the hazardous areas of tankers:
(i) Explain the term flameproof (Exd.) for electrical
equipment.
(ii) State the type of electrical equipment that would be protected
in this way.
(iii) List likely defects of flameproof equipment.

3. With reference to MARPOL Annex1:

a) Draw a 15ppm Oily water separator and Explain he Principle
of operation.
b) Periodical maintenance & checks/tests required to be done to
verify the effectiveness of the above system.
4. How will you fight a fire in a galley? How will you at least
restrict the fire if you are the first person to sight the fire in the
galley?
5. (a) Describe the routine tests required for self-contained
breathing apparatus sets.
(b) Describe the procedure to be adopted to find missing
personnel in a smoke filled accommodation area.
6. With Reference to entry into enclosed spaces
(a) Define Enclosed space and give examples of enclosed
spaces onboard .(4 marks )
(b) Describe the checks done for testing the atmosphere inside
such enclosed spaces .( 4 marks )
(c) Explain safety precaution taken prior to entry into enclosed
spaces onboard vessel. (8 marks )
(d) Describe hazards relating to entry into enclosed spaces
onboard

7. With reference to electrical safety onboard a vessel

a) Write short note on “electric shock “ ( 6 marks ).
b) Enumerate the relation between shock current levels, the
applied voltage and the body resistance.(5marks ).
c) How do you treat a person who has suffered an electric
shock onboard from an AC supply? (5 marks )
8. How will you fight a fire in a purifier room? How will you at
least restrict the fire if you are the first person to sight the fire in
the purifier room?
9. With respect to MARPOL Annex-IV:
d. Draw a biological sewage treatment plant and explain the
principle of operation.
e. Periodical maintenance and checks/tests required to be done
to verify the effectiveness of the system.
10. With respect to MARPOL Annex-V
a) Please explain the regulations stipulated for disposal of
garbage under annex 5 pf marpol 73/78
b) Please state the special area notified under Annex-V
MARPOL 73/78
c) Also state what precaution you will take during of waste from
electrical workshop
11. With the aid of suitable line diagrams where ever required
sketch and Describe a suitable Marine growth protection system
(MGPS) installed on vessel to prevent fouling of internal Sea
Water system mention the important precautions, if any while
handling the system.

12. With reference to the fixed CO2 flooding system for fire
fighting on board ships, Explain the following:
a) Advantages and disadvantages of CO2 as a fire fighting
medium.
b) The purpose of providing time delay with a suitable block and
line diagram
c) What are the job pertaining to the five yearly maintenance
routines on the system.

13. a) Describe CO2fixed firefighting system for machinery spaces

and cargo spaces of the bulk carrier.
b) Explain safety precautions taken prior to release of CO2 to the
engine room.
14. Which all matrix, checklists and permits will you fill-up?
Before commencing the work and who will authorize the work
permits?

15. (a) You are working onboard the Deck Cargo crane.What are
the hazards associated with working at height?
(b) What risk mitigation measures will you take to mitigate the

hazards identified by you while working at heights?

(c) Which all risk assessment checklists, work checklist and

work permits will you fill up before commencing the work and
who will authorize the work permits?
16. a) List the items which are contained in the training manual
pertaining to life saving appliances.
b) Describe the frequency of abandon ship drills and fire drills
and how they should be conducted.
c) State the regulation regarding the maintenance of life boat
falls.
d) List the minimum LSA to be carried out by passenger ship