Computer Science 1: CPS109 With Prof. Kosta Derpanis

CPS109
COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
with Prof. Kosta Derpanis
Fundamental Data Types
Part 1
CPS109
COMPUTER SCIENCE 1
with Prof. Kosta Derpanis
Fundamental Data Types
Part 1
Administration
tinyurl.com/RU-N
ONO
Administration
m / C P S 1 0 9 - F 2 0 1 7
tinyurl.co
o o k
x t b
Te
, B i g Java : L ate O bj ec t s
H o rs t m a nn
LECTURE TOPICS
LECTURE TOPICS
Data types
LECTURE TOPICS
Data types
Variables
LECTURE TOPICS
Data types
Variables
Arithmetic expressions
Binary Representation
Binary Representation
Internal
Represen
tation
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
Internal
Represen
tation
bit (0 or 1)
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
Internal
Represen
tation
bit (0 or 1)
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
byte (group of 8 bits)
10100011
00001000
11001100
10001100
10001101
11001101
00101010
10001100
2052 10100011
2053 00001000
2054 11001100
2055 10001100
Byte address 2056 10001101
2057 11001101
2058 00101010
2059 10001100
2052 10100011
2053 00001000
2054 11001100
2055 10001100
Byte address 2056 10001101
2057 11001101
2058 00101010
2059 10001100
Binary
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5
Binary
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5
Binary
Binary
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5
Binary 0
Binary
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5
Binary 0 1
Binary
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5
Binary 0 1 10
Binary
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5
Binary 0 1 10 11
Binary
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5
Binary 0 1 10 11 100
Binary
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5
Binary 0 1 10 11 100 101

Hexadec
imal
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hexadec
imal
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hexadecimal
Hexadec
imal
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hexadecimal 0
Hexadec
imal
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hexadecimal 0 1
Hexadec
imal
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hexadecimal 0 1 2
Hexadec
imal
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hexadecimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hexadec
imal
System
Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
exadecimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A
Hexadec
imal
System
ecimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
ecimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B
Hexadec
imal
System
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
Hexadec
imal
System
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10
Integers
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
Integers
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
2 x 100 = 2
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
2 x 100 = 2
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
2 x 100 = 2
3 x 101 = 30
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
2 x 100 = 2
3 x 101 = 30
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
2 x 100 = 2
3 x 101 = 30
9 x 102 = 900
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
2 x 100 = 2
3 x 101 = 30
9 x 102 = 900
1 x 103 = 1000
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
2 x 100 = 2
3 x 101 = 30
9 x 102 = 900
1 x 103 = 1000
5 x 104 = 50000
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
2 x 100 = 2
3 x 101 = 30
9 x 102 = 900
1 x 103 = 1000
5 x 104 = 50000
5 x 105 = 500000
105 104 103 102 101 100
5 5 1 9 3 2
10
2 x 100 = 2
3 x 101 = 30
9 x 102 = 900
1 x 103 = 1000
5 x 104 = 50000
5 x 105 = 500000
551932
Binary-to
-decimal
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
Binary-to
-decimal
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
1 x 20 = 1
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
1 x 20 = 1
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
1 x 20 = 1
0 x 21 = 0
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
1 x 20 = 1
0 x 21 = 0
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
1 x 20 = 1
0 x 21 = 0
1 x 22 = 4
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
1 x 20 = 1
0 x 21 = 0
1 x 22 = 4
0 x 23 = 0
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
1 x 20 = 1
0 x 21 = 0
1 x 22 = 4
0 x 23 = 0
0 x 24 = 0
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
1 x 20 = 1
0 x 21 = 0
1 x 22 = 4
0 x 23 = 0
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 1
2
1 x 20 = 1
0 x 21 = 0
1 x 22 = 4
0 x 23 = 0
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
37
Base-to-
decimal
N
X 1
i
General rule mi b
i=0
b 5 b 4 b 3 b 2 b 1 b 0
m5 m4 m3 m2 m1 m0
b
Data
Types
Define the set of values and operations

8
Primitive Types
Primitive
Types
Primitive
Types
Primitive
Types
Primitive
Types
Unicode
(Partial) T
able
Primitive
Types
Primitive
Types
Primitive
Types
Primitive
Types
y p es are N OT o bj e c t s
Primitive t
Primitive
Value Exa
m ples
Primitive
Value Exa
m ples
Integer
Primitive
Value Exa
m ples
Integer
0 -5 360 12000
Primitive
Value Exa
m ples
Integer
Floating-point
Primitive
Value Exa
m ples
Integer
Floating-point
0.15 -33.3 3.14159
Primitive
Value Exa
m ples
Integer
Floating-point
Character
Primitive
Value Exa
m ples
Integer
Floating-point
Character
‘a‘ ‘A‘ ‘#‘ ‘ ‘ ‘\n‘
Primitive
Value Exa
m ples
Integer
Floating-point
Character
Boolean
Primitive
Value Exa
m ples
Integer
Floating-point
Character
Boolean
true false
Variables
Variables
Named place to store data

Variables
Reserves space in memory

Variables
Reserves space in memory
Must be declared before using

Variable
Declaratio
n
type variableName
Variable
Declaratio
n
type variableName
int, char, double,
etc.
Variable
Declaratio
n
type variableName
l e g a l i d ent if i e r
must be
Variable
Declaratio
n
type variableName
char initial; /* 16 bits allocated */
int count; /* 32 bits allocated */
double time; /* 64 bits allocated */
type
variable n ame
byte number;
memory
memory address
byte number;
memory
memory address
byte number;
memory
number
memory address 197508

=
=
assigns variable on left the value
on right side
=
on right side
O T compare values
Does N
=
on right side
N O T compare values
D o e s
Assignme
nt
initial = 'a';
count = 5;
rate = factor;
time = time + 1;
Assignme
nt
initial = 'a';
count = 5;
rate = factor;
time = time + 1;
Assignme
nt
initial = 'a';
count = 5;
rate = factor;
time = time + 1;
Assignme
nt
initial = 'a';
count = 5;
rate = factor;
time = time + 1;
Assignme
nt
initial = 'a';
count = 5;
rate = factor;
time = time + 1;
Assignme
nt
initial = 'a';
count = 5;
rate = factor;
time = time + 1;
byte number;
number = 7;
memory
memory address
byte number;
number = 7;
memory
memory address
byte number;
number = 7;
memory
number

byte number;
number = 7;
memory
number

byte number;
number = 7;
memory
number

byte number;
number = 7;
memory
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
number
char initial;
initial = 'a';
memory
memory address
char initial;
initial = 'a';
memory
memory address
char initial;
initial = 'a';
memory
initial
memory address
char initial;
initial = 'a';
memory
initial
memory address
Unicode
Table
char initial;
initial = 'a';
memory
initial
memory address
char initial;
initial = 'a';
memory
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
initial
memory address
Multiple
Declaratio
ns
int num1, num2, num3;

Multiple
Declaratio
ns
int num1, num2 = 5, num3;

num1 = num2 + num3;
Spot the p rob l e m ?

num1 = num2 + num3;
Spot the p rob l e m ?

num1 = num2 + num3;
Variables must be initi

alized prior
to usage
num1 = num2 + num3;
Unresolved compilation problem:

The local variable num3 may not have been
initialized
public class SimpleAssignment
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int num1 = 1, num2, num3;
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
System.out.print("num1 = ");
System.out.println(num1);
}
}
What is th e o u t p u t ?
{
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
outputSystem.out.println(num1);
argument with no carr
System.out.print("num2 = i");
age return
}
}
{
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
Console
}
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
Console
}
java SimpleAssignment
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
Console
}
java SimpleAssignment
num1 = 5
num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
public class SimpleAssignment num1 = 1
{
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = undefined
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = undefined
num3 = undefined
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = undefined
num3 = undefined
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = undefined
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = undefined
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{ num2 = 1
num3 = 1
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
{
{
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2;
num1 = 5;
}
}
Identifiers
identifier
names used for variables, methods and
classes
Identifier
Rules
Identifier
Rules
Must not be a reserved word
Identifier
Rules
abstract default if package synchronized
assert do implements private this
boolean double import protected throw
break else instanceof public throws
byte extends int return transient
case false interface short true
catch final long static try
char finally native strictfp void
class float new super volatile
const for null switch while
continue goto
HelloWor
ld.java
public class HelloWorld

{
{
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}
HelloWor
ld.java
public class HelloWorld

{
{
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}
Java rese r ved wo rd s

Identifier
Rules
abstract default if package synchronized
assert do implements private this
boolean double import protected throw
break else instanceof public throws
byte extends int return transient
case false interface short true
catch final long static try
char finally native strictfp void
class float new super volatile
const for null switch while
continue goto
Identifier
Rules
Must contain only letters, digits, underscores

or dollar sign
Identifier
Rules

or dollar sign
dollar signs are legal b
ut should be avoided
Identifier
Rules

or dollar sign
valid: _Abc8
Identifier
Rules

or dollar sign
valid: _Abc8
invalid: Abc-8
Identifier
Rules

or dollar sign
Must never begin with a digit

Identifier
Rules

or dollar sign

valid: U238 and _765
Identifier
Rules

or dollar sign

valid: U238 and _765
invalid: 7abc and 67_q
Identifier
Rules

or dollar sign
CASE SENSITIVE
Abc _32 32X Price$ file?1
int abc87 45% return CHAR

are va l i d i d ent if i ers ?

Which
are va l i d i d ent if i ers ?

Which
int y;
int Y;
int yY;
int yy;
int YY;
int YYY;
int y;
int Y;
int yY;
int yy;
int YY;
int YYY;
i t h var i a b l e n a m es ?
Issue w
Java Nam
ing
Conventio
n
Variable and method names start with a

lowercase letter
Java Nam
ing
Conventio
n
Variable and method names start with a

lowercase letter
Class names start with an uppercase letter

Cam e l c as e
Cam e l c as e
class: HelloWorld
method: outputLine()
variable: listHead
Arithmetic expressions
Unary
Operators
Unary
Operators
Unary Plus (+)

+2 is 2
Unary
Operators
Unary Plus (+)

+2 is 2
Unary Minus (-)
(–(–2)) is 2
int x = 3;
System.out.print("+x = ");
System.out.println(+x);
System.out.print("-x = ");
System.out.println(-x);
System.out.print("x = ");
System.out.println(x);
Output
int x = 3;
Output
int x = 3;
Output
int x = 3;
Output
+x = 3
int x = 3;
Output
+x = 3
int x = 3;
Output
+x = 3
-x = -3
int x = 3;
Output
+x = 3
-x = -3
int x = 3;
Output
+x = 3
-x = -3
x = 3
int x = 3;
Output
+x = 3
-x = -3
x = 3
Binary
Operators
Binary
Operators
Addition (+)
3 + 4 or 55.1 + 43.58
Binary
Operators
Addition (+)
3 + 4 or 55.1 + 43.58
Subtraction (-)
50 - 20 or 45.3 - 0.78
Binary
Operators
Addition (+)
3 + 4 or 55.1 + 43.58
Subtraction (-)
50 - 20 or 45.3 - 0.78
Multiplication (*)
5 * 10 or 0.6 * 3.4
Addition (+)
3 + 4 or 55.1 + 43.58
Subtraction (-)
50 - 20 or 45.3 - 0.78
Multiplication (*)
5 * 10 or 0.6 * 3.4
Division (/)
50.0 / 2.0 or 45 / 2
Addition (+)
3 + 4 or 55.1 + 43.58
Subtraction (-)
50 - 20 or 45.3 - 0.78
Multiplication (*)
5 * 10 or 0.6 * 3.4
Division (/)
50.0 / 2.0 or 45 / 2
Remainder (%)
30 % 7 or 45 % 3 or 23 % 77
Arithmetic expression with integers and
floating-points is a floating-point
Arithmetic expression with integers and
floating-points is a floating-point
d a m i xe d ex pres s i o n
Calle
Mixed
Expressi
ons
System.out.println(30.0 + 7);
System.out.println(30 + 7);
Output
Output
Output
Output
37.0
Output
37.0
Output
37.0
37
Mixed
Expressi
ons
Output
37.0
37
Integer
Division
System.out.println(7.0 / 4.0);
System.out.println(7.0 / 4);
System.out.println(7 / 4);
Output
Output
Output
1.75
Output
1.75
Output
1.75
1.75
Output
1.75
1.75
Output
1.75
1.75
1
result truncated
Output
1.75
1.75
1
Output
1.75
1.75
1
Can you spot the ERRO
R ?
int midTerm1 = 63;
int midTerm2 = 84;
int finalExam = 83;
double average = (midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam)/3;
System.out.println("Average mark: " + average);

int midTerm1 = 63;
int midTerm2 = 84;
int finalExam = 83;
double average = (midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam)/3;

Possible SOLUTION
int midTerm1 = 63;
int midTerm2 = 84;
int finalExam = 83;
double average = (midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam)/3.0;

Possible SOLUTION
int midTerm1 = 63;
int midTerm2 = 84;
int finalExam = 83;
double average = (midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam)/3.0;

Another SOLUTION
int midTerm1 = 63;
int midTerm2 = 84;
int finalExam = 83;
double average =
( (double)(midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam) )/3;

Another SOLUTION
int midTerm1 = 63;
int midTerm2 = 84;
int finalExam = 83;
double average =
( (double)(midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam) )/3;
t y p ecast
Can you spot the ERRO
R?
double balance = 33.3;
int dollars = balance;
int dollars = balance;
compiler disallows floa
t ing-point to integer as
signment
int dollars = (int) balance;
typecast
How do we evaluate
compound expressions?
(a + b) / c + a / c - a + b / c * b
Order of
Operatio
ns
Order of
Operatio
ns
1. Parentheses: Evaluated first (inside-out)

Order of
Operatio
ns
2. Operator precedence: unary, *, /, %, + and -

Order of
Operatio
ns
2. Operator precedence: unary, *, /, %, + and -
3. Associativity: Binary operators evaluated left-

to-right, unary operators right-to-left
Evaluate the following expression:
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
2. Unary
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
2. Unary
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
2. Unary
3. Multiplication
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
2. Unary
3. Multiplication
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
2. Unary
3. Multiplication
4. Subtraction
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
2. Unary
3. Multiplication
4. Subtraction
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
2. Unary
3. Multiplication
4. Subtraction
5. Combine
z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y
1. Parentheses
b/2 then add a
2. Unary
3. Multiplication
4. Subtraction
5. Combine

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CPS109

Fundamental Data Types

Fundamental Data Types

Binary 0 1 10 11 100 101

105 104 103 102 101 100

Define the set of values and operations

Named place to store data

Named place to store data

Reserves space in memory

Named place to store data

Reserves space in memory

Must be declared before using

memory address 197508

memory address 197508

memory address 197508

memory address 197508

int num1, num2, num3;

int num1, num2 = 5, num3;

num1 = num2 + num3;

Spot the p rob l e m ?

num1 = num2 + num3;

Spot the p rob l e m ?

num1 = num2 + num3;

Variables must be initi

num1 = num2 + num3;

Unresolved compilation problem:

public class HelloWorld

public class HelloWorld

Java rese r ved wo rd s

Must contain only letters, digits, underscores

Must contain only letters, digits, underscores

Must contain only letters, digits, underscores

Must contain only letters, digits, underscores

Must contain only letters, digits, underscores

Must never begin with a digit

Must contain only letters, digits, underscores

Must never begin with a digit

Must contain only letters, digits, underscores

Must never begin with a digit

Must contain only letters, digits, underscores

Must never begin with a digit

int abc87 45% return CHAR

int abc87 45% return CHAR

are va l i d i d ent if i ers ?

int abc87 45% return CHAR

are va l i d i d ent if i ers ?

Variable and method names start with a

Variable and method names start with a

Class names start with an uppercase letter

Unary Plus (+)

Unary Plus (+)

double average = (midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam)/3;

System.out.println("Average mark: " + average);

double average = (midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam)/3;

System.out.println("Average mark: " + average);

double average = (midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam)/3.0;

System.out.println("Average mark: " + average);

double average = (midTerm1 + midTerm2 + finalExam)/3.0;