Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education

OAS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Oas, Albay

MODULE 1: PERSONALITY: DEFINITION AND IT’S COMPONENTS

Subject Code: OAC6

Subject Title: Personal and Professional Development

I. MODULE TITLE: Defining and Stating the Components of Personality

II. MODULE DESCRIPTION:

This module covers the definition and components of personality, the importance of
studying human personality, it’s differences and techniques on how to improve it to become
professionals in your chosen career.

Personal and Professional Development starts with a basic introduction of personality. It

then goes on to look at personality psychology, and the main influences on personality
development. You will also delve into looking at basic personality traits, including values and
beliefs. You will learn about your own personality and how you can use that information in
career choices and to make changes. You will also learn about some personality disorders and
how to put all the information together to use it to your personal or career advantage.

This deals with holistic approach to personality development. It aims to develop self
confidence and enhance self- esteem by providing students with techniques to achieve personal
success through self- motivation, assertiveness and projecting professionalism. It prepares
students to deal with people at different levels by adjusting to situations and circumstances in a
corporate environment. It emphasizes business etiquette and the Code of Ethics of Professionals

III. EXPECTED OUTCOME/ OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Define personality and it’s components.

2. Identify how personality is revealed.
3. Discuss why personality is important.
4. Discuss how personality differences occur and how it is improved.

IV. PRE- TEST: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the sum total of qualities and characteristics of a person as shown in her manner of
walking, talking, dressing, attitudes, interest and ways of reacting to other people.

a. Heredity
b. Emotions
c. Personality
d. Responsibility

2. One of the components of personality that includes the mode of dressing, manner of walking,
posture, body build, health, complexion and facial expression.

a. Intellectual
b. Social
c. Value system
d. Physical

1|P a g e

MARY R. GAMBOA
OCC Instructor
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
OAS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Oas, Albay

3. ____________ is usually based on appearance -- physical stature, grooming, facial features,

gait and poise.

a. First impressions
b. Social situations
c. Intelligence
d. Philosophy in life

4. It is one of the causes of personality differences that consists of everything that we do or get
in touch with, and everything that we are exposed to in our lifetime.

a. Inner beauty
b. Experiences
c. Environment
d. Heredity
5. Which of the following is not a requirement towards the development of a fine personality?

a. Doing beyond expectations

b. Self- discipline
c. Enthusiasm
d. Weak

V. LESSON CONTENT

LESSON 1. DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY.

Personality may be defined as the sum total of qualities and characteristics of a person as shown
in her manner of walking, talking, dressing, attitudes, interest and ways of reacting to other people. It
refers to all the factors within the person that influence his characteristic ways of behaving, thinking
and feeling. It is your image on others.

An employee may have pleasing personality and yet not considered for promotion because other
aspects of his/ her personality proved to handicap his/ her work. Being pleasing and attractive in
appearance is only one aspect of personality.

In general, the following are the components of personality.

1. PHYSICAL. This includes the mode of dressing, manner of walking, posture, body build, health,
complexion and facial expression.
2. INTELLECTUAL. How a person talks and what she talks about. He must develop his intellect or
“brain”.
3. SOCIAL. Good manners and etiquette. To do the right thing at the right time, to act in a proper
manner, to get along with others -- these are all parts of the social sphere of
personality,.
4. EMOTIONAL. Includes person’s likes and dislikes, whether he/she is outgoing or shy,
temperamental or cool.
5. VALUE SYSTEM. Includes person’s attitudes, values, beliefs and philosophy in life. This aspect
is referred to as CHARACTER. It is shown in the way we judge whether our actions
and the actions of others are right or wrong.

References:
2|P a g e

MARY R. GAMBOA
OCC Instructor
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
OAS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Oas, Albay
 Personality for Today’s Young Professional 3rd Edition, Amparo E. Santos Ed. D

LESSON II- HOW A PERSONALITY IS REVEALED.

Personality is not revealed in one meeting. It unmasks itself in various ways. Sometimes crisis
situations reveal the real personality.

First impressions is usually based on appearance -- physical stature, grooming, facial features,
gait and poise. A favorable impression is usually created by a beautiful face, a regal walk and is always
pleasant. Making a good first impression in an interview helps kick open the door. After that it's all
about confidence and being well-prepared. Those are skills you can work on and if you do, you will
have a much better chance at landing the job.

In the workplace when teams exchange ideas and they reacts to your voice, words, interests and
manner of expressing yourself , your intelligence starts revealing itself.It is the ability to learn and
adapt and describes individual differences in maximum performance or what a person can do.

When the acquaintance ripens, each will observe how the others reacts to problem situations. If
you keep your composure under stress you have a high degree of emotional stability. It means you
can withstand difficult situations, handle adversity, and remain productive and capable throughout

Social situations will also bring other impressions. It includes any situation in which you and at
least one other person are present. Your manners and the way you act on a certain situation will
deeply affect your personality. Manners are a thin veneer on the surface, a set of formalized patterns
of expression, action and response demanded of each of us by the society we live in, regardless of
how we actually feel inside, which is often very different from the outward manners we exhibit.

As friendship deepens into a more stable and meaningful one and the real self shows itself, other
aspects of personality reveal themselves. Your set of values, beliefs and attitudes which determine
your philosophy in life affects the way you solve problems and reacts to situations.

This sequence of impressions should not lead one to believe that personality unfolds itself
exactly in this order. The totality of an individual’s behavior is evaluated as a whole and not in
separate pieces.

References:

 Personality for Today’s Young Professional 3rd Edition, Amparo E. Santos Ed. D
 https://mssresearch.org/?q=Manners_Behavior_Character_Personality_Individuality
 https://www.inc.com/quora/how-to-cultivate-emotional-stability-even-when-life-gets-crazy

LESSON III - IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING PERSONALITY

The study of human personality is one of the most significant studies for you not only now but in
the near future as well. For it is through understanding of your own personality and the personalities
of your fellowmen that will spell the difference between success and failure in your dealings with
them. An understanding of your personality and of others can make the difference between
satisfactory and unsatisfactory adjustment. The study of personality should therefore result in our
attempts to improve our own personality as well as to understand others so that we can adjust to
them and have harmonious relations with them.

3|P a g e

MARY R. GAMBOA
OCC Instructor
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
OAS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Oas, Albay
Understanding your strengths and weakness is a tremendous tool for you. It improves your
ability to work with others, and keep yourself in check when you start to head in the direction of your
weaknesses. It will ensure excellence in your chosen field.

References:

 Personality for Today’s Young Professional 3rd Edition, Amparo E. Santos Ed. D
 https://gbsge.com/understanding-your-personality/

LESSON IV - PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES AND TECHNIQUES IN IMPROVING IT.

There are differences in respect of personality. On the basis of differences in personality,

individuals have been classified into many groups.

Spranger contributed to the pedagogy of personality theory, in his book ”Types of Men” is value

attitudes were:

 The Theoretical, whose dominant interest is the discovery of truth

 The Economic, who is interested in what is useful
 The Aesthetic, whose highest value is form and harmony
 The Social, whose highest value is love of people
 The Political, whose interest is primarily in power
 The Religious, whose highest value is unity 
Jung classified people into three groups:

(a) Introverts - someone who prefers calm, minimally stimulating environments. Introverts tend to

feel drained after socializing and regain their energy by spending time alone.

(b) Extroverts- a person who is energized by being around other people. Extroverts are often
described as the life of the party. Their outgoing, vibrant nature draws people to them,
and they have a hard time turning away the attention. They thrive off the interaction.

(c) Ambiverts- someone who exhibits qualities of both introversion and extroversion, and can flip into
either depending on their mood, context, and goals. Ambiverts have also been called:
Outgoing introvert

It is an admitted fact that some people are honest, others are dishonest, some are aggressive,
others are humble, some are social, others like to be alone, some are critical and others are
sympathetic. Thus, we see that the differences in personality are dependent on personality trait

We are all different because of these three factors:

Heredity. Some heretical traits bring a change from one individual to other. An individual’s
height, size, shape and color of hair, shape of face, nose, hands and legs so to say the entire structure
of the body is determined by his heretical qualities. Intellectual differences are also to a great extent
influenced by hereditary factor. This sets the limits to our potential.

Environment. This significantly influences individual differences. Changes in child’s environment

are reflected in the changes in his personality. Psychologically speaking, a person’s C All these forces
cause individual differences. Modern psychologists believe that individual differences are caused by
both heredity and environment. Personality is the outcome of mutual interaction between heredity
and environment.

Experiences. These consists of everything that we do or get in touch with, and everything that
we are exposed to in our lifetime whether physical or social experiences.

4|P a g e

MARY R. GAMBOA
OCC Instructor
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
OAS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Oas, Albay
TECHNIQUES IN IMPROVING PERSONALITY

Few of us wouldn’t like to improve our personalities. However, it’s not like improving your jump
shot, where you exactly what to do and how to measure your success. There are a lot of aspects of
our personality, and a lot of ways we can improve. It’s also not always easy to tell when we’re
improving.

One of the reasons for this is that our personality, our collection of behaviors of how we interact
with others, is largely unconscious. It’s automatic. So, when we make slight changes, we still “feel”
normal, since we’re still “ourselves. “It’s not like we can look in a mirror and see if we’ve lost weight,
or try on a pair of shoes and see if make it more comfortable to walk.

However, this doesn’t mean there aren’t specific techniques to improve your personality. There
are. And you are about to learn what to do. We’ll break down the four basic components, so you’ll
know that you’re going in the right direction.

1. One must realize that improvement is needed.

2. Have a strong motive or desire to improve

3. Take an inventory or a checklist of the strong and weak points, of what is to be improved

4. Have a step by step plan of improvement

REQUIREMENTS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FINE PERSONALITY

1. Clarity of goals and purpose in life

2. Doing beyond expectations
3. Learning from failures
4. Initiative
5. Enthusiasm
6. Character and personality
7. Self-discipline
8. Positive mental attitude
9. Hard work
10. Growing in one’s knowledge and skills

References:

 Personality for Today’s Young Professional 3rd Edition, Amparo E. Santos Ed. D
 https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/psychology/individual-differences-psychology/individual-
differences-types-causes-and-role-psychology/2557
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Spranger

5|P a g e

MARY R. GAMBOA
OCC Instructor
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
OAS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Oas, Albay
VI. POST TESTS:

A. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What are the 3 determinants/causes of personality differences? Explain. (2 points each)

2. Why is the study of personality important? (3 points)
3. Define personality. (1 point)

B. Essay.

4. Is the glass half full or half empty? Interpret. What do you think is the connection
of your interpretation to your personality and perspective in life? (5 points)

5. Explain the statement,” What you are now is a product of your beginning.” (5 points)

6|P a g e

MARY R. GAMBOA
OCC Instructor
 Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
OAS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Oas, Albay

7|P a g e

MARY R. GAMBOA
OCC Instructor