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Ton Duc Thang University: Cultural Patterns and Communication: Taxonomies

The document discusses different cultural taxonomies for understanding cultural patterns in communication, including Hall's high-context and low-context taxonomy, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, and the Globe study's cultural dimensions. It provides details on key aspects of each taxonomy, such as how they describe differences in use of overt and covert messages, orientation to time, and priorities placed on individualism versus collectivism. The taxonomies help explain systematic cultural variations and provide lenses for improving intercultural competence.

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Thanh Huyền
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83 views

Ton Duc Thang University: Cultural Patterns and Communication: Taxonomies

The document discusses different cultural taxonomies for understanding cultural patterns in communication, including Hall's high-context and low-context taxonomy, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, and the Globe study's cultural dimensions. It provides details on key aspects of each taxonomy, such as how they describe differences in use of overt and covert messages, orientation to time, and priorities placed on individualism versus collectivism. The taxonomies help explain systematic cultural variations and provide lenses for improving intercultural competence.

Uploaded by

Thanh Huyền
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES


001174 – INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER 5
Cultural Patterns and Communication:
Taxonomies

Designed by Vu Cong Danh


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Taxonomies
HALL'S HIGH- AND LOW-CONTEXT
CULTURAL TAXONOMY

1. Use of covert and overt messages

2. Importance of ingroups and outgroups

3. Orientation to time

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HIGH-CONTEXT V.S. LOW-CONTEXT

• High-context: presumed meaning through physical


setting, (beliefs, values, norms, social practices)

• Low-context: explicit information

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USE OF COVERT AND OVERT MESSAGES

• High-context messages  covert


• Low-context messages  overt
• Depending on situation, background knowledge

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IMPORTANCE OF INGROUPS AND
OUTGROUPS
In high-context cultures:
• Much meaning embedded in rules, rituals
• Strong, deep commitment between people
 Easy to recognize members of groups

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ORIENTATION TO TIME

• High-context  Time open & flexible

• Low-context  Time highly organized

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HOFSTEDE'S CULTURAL TAXONOMY

• Power distance
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Individualism v.s. collectivism
• Masculinity v.s. femininity

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HOFSTEDE'S CULTURAL TAXONOMY

• Long-term v.s. short-term time orientation


• Indulgence v.s. restraint
• Monumentalism v.s. self-effacement
• Comparing Hofstede's dimensions

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POWER DISTANCE

• Degree of unequally distributed power


• Decisions to be challenged
• Small power distance: Austria,
Denmark, New Zealand, etc.
• Large power distance: Malaysia,
Guatemala, Japan, etc.

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UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE

• Ambiguity tolerance
• Attitude toward changes
• Low uncertainty avoidance: Denmark, Jamaica,
Ireland, Singapore, etc.
• High uncertainty avoidance: Greece, Guatemala,
Portugal, Uruguay, etc.

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INDIVIDUALISM v.s. COLLECTIVISM

• Degree of individual autonomy


• Independence or conforming
• Highly individualistic: Austria, Belgium, the
Netherlands, the U.S., etc.
• Highly collectivist: Guatemala, Indonesia, Pakistan,
West Africa, etc.

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MASCULINITY v.s. FEMININITY

• Cultural values
• Masculine behaviors: assertiveness, acquisition of wealth
• Feminine behaviors: caring for others
• Masculinity: Austria, Italy, Japan, Mexico, etc.
• Femininity: Chile, Portugal, Sweden, Thailand, etc.

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LONG-TERM v.s. SHORT-TERM
TIME ORIENTATION

• Point of reference about life and work


• Long-term: persistence, thriftiness, humility
• Short-term: expectation of quick results

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INDULGENCE v.s. RESTRAINT

• Indulgence: pleasure, enjoyment, spending,


consumption, etc.

• Restraint: control of hedonistic gratifications, pleasures


and enjoyment

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MONUMENTALISM v.s. SELF-EFFACEMENT

• Stability v.s. change


• Monumentalism: pride, stability, resolution
• Self-effacement: humility, flexibility, comfortability with
paradoxes and inconsistencies

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COMPARING HOFSTEDE'S DIMENSIONS

• Look at table 5.2 (pp. 121 – 123)


• Compare Vietnam with other countries
• Discuss the similarities & differences

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THE GLOBE CULTURAL TAXONOMY

G = Global
L = Leadership
O = Organizational
B = Behavior
E = Effectiveness

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THE GLOBE CULTURAL TAXONOMY

• Power distance
• Uncertainty avoidance
• In-group collectivism
• Institutional collectivism
• Gender egalitarianism

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THE GLOBE CULTURAL TAXONOMY

• Assertiveness
• Performance orientation
• Future orientation
• Humane orientation

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COMPARING THE GLOBE DIMENSIONS

GLOBE clarifies cultural patterns:

• Separate cultural practices and values

• Explain complex nature of cultural patterns

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CULTURAL TAXONOMIES AND
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE
• Cultures vary systematically in choices about solutions
to basic human problems

• Taxonomies: lenses through which cultural variations


can be understood and appreciated

• Taxonomies help use culture-specific knowledge to


improve intercultural competence
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Taxonomies
HOMEWORK

Read the assigned materials :


[3] Pages: 86 – 95, 120 – 122

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Taxonomies

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